CF712E Memory and Casinos 期望概率

题意：\(n\)个赌场，每个赌场有\(p_{i}\)的胜率，如果赢了就走到下一个赌场，输了就退回上一个赌场，规定\(1\)号赌场的上一个是\(0\)号赌场，\(n\)号赌场的下一个是\(n + 1\)号赌场，一旦到达\(0\)或\(n + 1\)号赌场就相当于退出赌局了。
定义统治区间\([l, r]\)为从第\(l\)个赌场开始，到达第\(r + 1\)个赌场，且在过程中不经过\([1, l - 1]\)的赌场。维护2种操作：
1，修改一个赌场的胜率
2，询问统治\([l, r]\)的概率
题解：
设\(f_{i}\)表示从\(x\)能走到\(n\)的概率，则有：

\[f_{i} = f_{i - 1}(1 - p_{i}) + f_{i + 1} \cdot p_{i} \]

\[f_{i} - f[i - 1] = p_{i}(f_{i + 1} - f_{i - 1}) \]

令\(g_{i} = f_{i} - f_{i - 1} = p_{i} (g_{i} + g_{i + 1})\)(由上式得)
所以\(g_{i + 1} = g_{i} \cdot \frac{1 - p_{i}}{p_{i}}\),
令\(t_{i} = \frac{1 - p_{i}}{p_{i}}\),则\(g_{i + 1} = g_{i} t_{i}\)
显然有\(f_{n} = 1(不用走就到了), f_{0} = 0(因为已经出边界)\).
所以\(\sum_{i = 1}^{n}g_{i} = 1\)，那么带入上面\(g_{i + 1} = g_{i} t_{i}\),得到：

\[g_{1} + g_{1}t_{1} + g_{1}t_{1}t_{2} + ... + g_{1}t_{1}...t_{n - 1} = 1 \]

提出\(g_{1}\).

\[g_{1}(1 + t_{1} + t_{1} t_{2} + ... + t_{1}...t_{n - 1}) = 1 \]

那么我们维护\(t\)值，就可以得到\(g_{1}\)的值。

上面是求询问区间\([1, n - 1]\)时的答案，也就是\(1\)到\(n\)的概率。
替换一下，同理可得，在询问区间\([l, r]\)时，也就是要求\(l\)到\(r + 1\)的概率，那么就有如下等式：

\[g_{l}(1 + t_{l} + t_{l}t_{l + 1} + ... + t_{l}t_{l + 1}...t_{r}) = 1 \]

用线段树维护:
对于区间\([l, r]\)维护\(t_{l} + t_{l}t_{l + 1} + ... + t_{l}t_{l + 1}...t_{r}\).然后在最后加1即可。
定义node结构体，其中x表示这个区间的\(t_{l} + t_{l}t_{l + 1} + ... + t_{l}t_{l + 1}...t_{r}\)，w表示\(t_{l}t_{l + 1}...t_{r}\)
那么合并时新区间的x为\(left.x + right.x * left.w\),
w为\(left.w \cdot right.w\)

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define R register int
#define AC 101000
#define ac 500000

int n, q, w;
int l[ac], r[ac];
double ans, go;
double tree[ac], p[AC], t[AC], sum[ac];

struct node{
	double x, w;
};

inline int read()
{
	int x = 0;char c = getchar();
	while(c > '9' || c < '0') c = getchar();
	while(c >= '0' && c <= '9') x = x * 10 + c - '0', c = getchar();
	return x;
}

inline void update(int x){
	int ll = x * 2, rr = ll + 1;
	sum[x] = sum[ll] * sum[rr];
	tree[x] = tree[ll] + tree[rr] * sum[ll];
}

void build(int x, int ll, int rr)
{
	l[x] = ll, r[x] = rr;
	if(ll == rr) {tree[x] = sum[x] = t[ll]; return ;}
	int mid = (ll + rr) >> 1;
	build(x * 2, ll, mid), build(x * 2 + 1, mid + 1, rr);
	update(x);
}

void change(int x, int go, double w)
{
	if(l[x] == r[x]){sum[x] = tree[x] = w; return ;}
	int mid = (l[x] + r[x]) >> 1;
	(go <= mid) ? change(x * 2, go, w) : change(x * 2 + 1, go, w);
	update(x);
}

node find(int x, int ll, int rr)
{
	if(l[x] == ll && r[x] == rr) return (node){tree[x], sum[x]};
	int mid = (l[x] + r[x]) >> 1;
	if(rr <= mid) return find(x * 2, ll, rr);
	else if(ll > mid) return find(x * 2 + 1, ll, rr);
	else 
	{
		node now = find(x * 2, ll, mid), y = find(x * 2 + 1, mid + 1, rr);
		now.x = now.x + y.x * now.w, now.w = now.w * y.w;//要更新now.w!!!
		return now;
	}
}

void pre()
{
	n = read(), q = read();
	for(R i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
	{
		double a = read(), b = read();
		p[i] = a / b;
	}
	for(R i = 1; i <= n; i ++) t[i] = (1 - p[i]) / p[i];
}

void work()
{
	int opt, a, b, x;
	for(R i = 1; i <= q; i ++)
	{
		opt = read();
		if(opt == 1)
		{
			x = read(), a = read(), b = read(), go = 1.0 * a / b;
			go = (1 - go) / go, change(1, x, go);
		}
		else
		{
			a = read(), b = read();
			node x = find(1, a, b);
		//	printf("%lf\n", x.x);
			printf("%.10lf\n", 1 / (1 + x.x));
		}
	}
}

int main()
{
	freopen("in.in", "r", stdin);
	pre();
	build(1, 1, n);
	work();
	fclose(stdin);
	return 0;
}