51nod1238 最小公倍数之和 V3 莫比乌斯函数 杜教筛
题意:求\(\sum_{i = 1}^{n}\sum_{j = 1}^{n}lcm(i, j)\).
题解:虽然网上很多题解说用mu卡不过去,,,不过试了一下貌似时间还挺充足的,。。也许有时间用phi试试?
因为是用的莫比乌斯函数求的,所以推导比大部分题解多。。。而且我写式子一般都比较详细,所以可能看上去很多式子,实际上是因为每一步都写了,几乎没有跳过的。所以应该都可以看懂的。
末尾的\(e\)函数是指的\(e[1] = 1\),\(e[x] = 0(x != 1)\)这样一个函数
$$\sum_{i = 1}^{n}\sum_{j = 1}^{n}lcm(i, j)$$
$$\sum_{i = 1}^{n} \sum_{i = 1}^{n} \frac{ij}{gcd(i, j)}$$
枚举\(gcd\)
$$\sum_{d = 1}^{n} \sum_{i = 1}^{\lfloor {\frac{n}{d}} \rfloor} \sum_{j = 1}^{\lfloor {\frac{n}{d}} \rfloor}[gcd(i, j) == d] \frac{ij}{d}$$
因为\((\frac{ijd^2}{d} = ijd)\),所以:
$$\sum_{d = 1}^{n} \sum_{i = 1}^{\lfloor {\frac{n}{d}} \rfloor} \sum_{j = 1}^{\lfloor {\frac{n}{d}} \rfloor}[gcd(i, j) == d] ijd$$
$$\sum_{d = 1}^{n}d\sum_{i = 1}^{\lfloor {\frac{n}{d}} \rfloor} \sum_{j = 1}^{\lfloor {\frac{n}{d}} \rfloor}ij[gcd(i, j) == 1]$$
$$\sum_{d = 1}^{n} d \sum_{i = 1}^{\lfloor {\frac{n}{d}} \rfloor} \sum_{j = 1}^{\lfloor {\frac{n}{d}} \rfloor} ij \sum_{k | gcd(i, j)} \mu(k)$$
枚举k,再枚举k的倍数。
$$\sum_{d = 1}^{n}d\sum_{k = 1}^{\lfloor {\frac{n}{d}} \rfloor}\mu(k) \sum_{i = 1}^{\lfloor {\frac{n}{dk}} \rfloor}ik \sum_{j = 1}^{\lfloor {\frac{n}{dk}} \rfloor}jk$$
设\(S(n) = \sum_{i = 1}^{n}i\)
$$\sum_{d = 1}^{n}d \sum_{k = 1}^{\lfloor {\frac{n}{d}} \rfloor} \mu(k) k ^ 2 S(\frac{n}{dk})$$
枚举\(T = dk\)
$$\sum_{T = 1}^{n} S(\frac{n}{T})^ 2 \sum_{k | T} \mu(k) k ^ 2 \frac{T}{k}$$
$$\sum_{T = 1}^{n} S(\frac{n}{T})^ 2 \sum_{k | T} \mu(k) kT$$
$$\sum_{T = 1}^{n} S(\frac{n}{k})^ 2 \cdot T \sum_{k | T} \mu(k)k$$
设\(f(T) = T\sum_{k | T} \mu(k) k\),卷上\(id^2\),因为\(S(\frac{n}{k})\)可以数论分块,所以我们只需要快速求出区间\([l, r]\)内的\(f\)之和即可,显然求出\(f\)的前缀和即可解决问题
$$(f * id^2)(n) = \sum_{i |n}f(i) \frac{n ^ 2}{i^2}=\sum_{i | n}i \sum_{k | i} \mu(k) k \frac{n ^ 2}{i ^ 2}$$
$$\sum_{i | n}\sum_{k | i} \mu(k)k\frac{n ^ 2}{i} = n \sum_{i | n}\sum_{k | i} \mu(k) k \frac{n}{i}$$
设$$h(i) = \sum_{k | i} \mu(k)k$$,则原式:
$$n \sum_{i | n} h(i) \frac{n}{i} = n (h * id)(n)$$
$$(f * id ^ 2)(n) = n (h * id)(n)$$
$$h(n) = \sum_{k | n}\mu(k)k = (\mu \cdot id) * 1$$
$$f * id ^ 2 = n [(\mu \cdot id) * 1 * id] = n[(\mu \cdot id) * id * 1]$$
其中$$(\mu \cdot id) * id = \sum_{i | n} \mu(i) i \frac{n}{i} = n \sum_{i | n}\mu(i) = e$$
所以
$$n[(\mu \cdot id) * id * 1] = n[e * 1] = n$$
带入杜教筛的式子:
$$g(1)S(n) = \sum_{i = 1}^{n} (f * g)(i) - \sum_{i = 2}^{n}g(i)S(\frac{n}{i})$$
$$= \sum_{i = 1}^{n}i - \sum_{i = 2}^{n}i ^ 2 S(\frac{n}{i})$$
然后直接上杜教就可以了.
其实还有一个问题。。。一开始预处理的前缀和怎么求?
要知道前缀和,首先要求出\(f\).
因为\(f(T) = T\sum_{k | T} \mu(k) k\),所以如果我们可以快速求出\(\sum_{k | T}\mu(k)k\),然后就只需要再\(O(n)\)的乘上\(T\)就可以了.
我们先预处理出\(\mu(k)\),然后对于每一个\(k\),枚举它的倍数,统计贡献。那么复杂度为 \(\frac{n}{1} + \frac{n}{2} + ... + \frac{n}{n} = nlogn\)(此处的\(n\)为原题面的\(\frac{2}{3}\)次方,即要预处理的\(f\)个数)
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define R register int
#define LL long long
#define RL register LL
#define AC 3000
#define ac 5000000
#define p 1000000007LL
//#define h(x) ((x <= block) ? sum[x] : S[n / x])
LL n, ans, block;
LL mu[ac], S[AC], sum[ac], inv[AC];
int pri[ac], tot;
bool z[ac], vis[AC];
inline LL h(LL x)
{
return ((x <= block) ? sum[x] : S[n / x]);
}
inline void up(LL & a, LL b)
{
a += b;
if(a >= p) a -= p;
if(a <= -p) a += p;
}
LL count(LL l, LL r){
return (r - l + 1) % p * ((r + l) % p) % p * inv[2] % p;
}
void pre()
{
scanf("%lld", &n), block = pow(n, 0.66666);
mu[1] = 1;
for(R i = 2; i <= block; i ++)
{
if(!z[i]) pri[++ tot] = i, mu[i] = -1;
for(R j = 1; j <= tot; j ++)
{
int now = pri[j];
if(i * now > block) break;
z[i * now] = true;
if(!(i % now)) break;
mu[i * now] = - mu[i];
}
}
inv[1] = 1;
for(R i = 2; i <= 10; i ++) inv[i] = (p - p / i) * inv[p % i] % p;
for(R i = 1; i <= block; i ++)//枚举mu(i)
for(R j = 1; j; j ++)//枚举i的倍数
{
if(j * i > block) break;
up(sum[i * j], mu[i] * i % p);
}
for(R i = 1; i <= block; i ++) sum[i] = sum[i] * i % p;
for(R i = 1; i <= block; i ++) up(sum[i], sum[i - 1]);//算出f数组后还要统计前缀和
}
LL get(LL x)
{
x %= p;
return x * (x + 1) % p * (2 * x + 1) % p * inv[6] % p;
}
void cal(LL x)
{
if(x <= block || vis[n / x]) return ;
LL rnt = count(1, x);
for(RL i = 2, lim, now; i <= x; i = lim + 1)
{
lim = x / (x / i), now = x / i, cal(now);
up(rnt, - ((get(lim) - get(i - 1)) % p * h(now) % p));
}
S[n / x] = rnt, vis[n / x] = true;
}
void work()
{
for(RL i = 1, lim, now, x; i <= n; i = lim + 1)
{
lim = n / (n / i), now = n / i, x = count(1, now);
up(ans, (x % p * x % p * ((h(lim) - h(i - 1)) % p) % p));
}
printf("%lld\n", (ans + p) % p);
}
int main()
{
//freopen("in.in", "r", stdin);
pre();
cal(n);
work();
// fclose(stdin);
return 0;
}