Elasticsearch 之（28）percentiles 以及 percentiles rank网站访问时延SLA统计

需求

有一个网站，记录下了每次请求的访问的耗时，需要统计tp50，tp90，tp99

tp50：50%的请求的耗时最长在多长时间
tp90：90%的请求的耗时最长在多长时间
tp99：99%的请求的耗时最长在多长时间

设置索引，准备数据

PUT /website
{
    "mappings": {
        "logs": {
            "properties": {
                "latency": {
                    "type": "long"
                },
                "province": {
                    "type": "keyword"
                },
                "timestamp": {
                    "type": "date"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

POST /website/logs/_bulk
{ "index": {}}
{ "latency" : 105, "province" : "江苏", "timestamp" : "2016-10-28" }
{ "index": {}}
{ "latency" : 83, "province" : "江苏", "timestamp" : "2016-10-29" }
{ "index": {}}
{ "latency" : 92, "province" : "江苏", "timestamp" : "2016-10-29" }
{ "index": {}}
{ "latency" : 112, "province" : "江苏", "timestamp" : "2016-10-28" }
{ "index": {}}
{ "latency" : 68, "province" : "江苏", "timestamp" : "2016-10-28" }
{ "index": {}}
{ "latency" : 76, "province" : "江苏", "timestamp" : "2016-10-29" }
{ "index": {}}
{ "latency" : 101, "province" : "新疆", "timestamp" : "2016-10-28" }
{ "index": {}}
{ "latency" : 275, "province" : "新疆", "timestamp" : "2016-10-29" }
{ "index": {}}
{ "latency" : 166, "province" : "新疆", "timestamp" : "2016-10-29" }
{ "index": {}}
{ "latency" : 654, "province" : "新疆", "timestamp" : "2016-10-28" }
{ "index": {}}
{ "latency" : 389, "province" : "新疆", "timestamp" : "2016-10-28" }
{ "index": {}}
{ "latency" : 302, "province" : "新疆", "timestamp" : "2016-10-29" }

pencentiles 语法

GET /website/logs/_search 
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "latency_percentiles": {
      "percentiles": {
        "field": "latency",
        "percents": [
          50,
          95,
          99
        ]
      }
    },
    "latency_avg": {
      "avg": {
        "field": "latency"
      }
    }
  }
}

{
  "took": 31,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 12,
    "max_score": 0,
    "hits": []
  },
  "aggregations": {
    "latency_avg": {
      "value": 201.91666666666666
    },
    "latency_percentiles": {
      "values": {
        "50.0": 108.5,
        "95.0": 508.24999999999983,
        "99.0": 624.8500000000001
      }
    }
  }
}

根据province（省份）分组精确查询

GET /website/logs/_search 
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "group_by_province": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "province"
      },
      "aggs": {
        "latency_percentiles": {
          "percentiles": {
            "field": "latency",
            "percents": [
              50,
              95,
              99
            ]
          }
        },
        "latency_avg": {
          "avg": {
            "field": "latency"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

{
  "took": 33,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 12,
    "max_score": 0,
    "hits": []
  },
  "aggregations": {
    "group_by_province": {
      "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
      "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
      "buckets": [
        {
          "key": "新疆",
          "doc_count": 6,
          "latency_avg": {
            "value": 314.5
          },
          "latency_percentiles": {
            "values": {
              "50.0": 288.5,
              "95.0": 587.75,
              "99.0": 640.75
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "key": "江苏",
          "doc_count": 6,
          "latency_avg": {
            "value": 89.33333333333333
          },
          "latency_percentiles": {
            "values": {
              "50.0": 87.5,
              "95.0": 110.25,
              "99.0": 111.65
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

percentile ranks 语法

SLA：就是提供的服务的标准

我们的网站的提供的访问延时的SLA，确保所有的请求100%，都必须在200ms以内，大公司内，一般都是要求100%在200ms以内。如果超过1s，则需要升级到A级故障，代表网站的访问性能和用户体验急剧下降

需求：在200ms以内的，有百分之多少，在1000毫秒以内的有百分之多少，percentile ranks metric

*percentile ranks，其实比pencentile还要常用

按照品牌分组，计算，电视机，售价在1000占比，2000占比，3000占比

GET /website/logs/_search 
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "group_by_province": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "province"
      },
      "aggs": {
        "latency_percentile_ranks": {
          "percentile_ranks": {
            "field": "latency",
            "values": [
              200,
              1000
            ]
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

{
  "took": 38,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 12,
    "max_score": 0,
    "hits": []
  },
  "aggregations": {
    "group_by_province": {
      "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
      "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
      "buckets": [
        {
          "key": "新疆",
          "doc_count": 6,
          "latency_percentile_ranks": {
            "values": {
              "200.0": 29.40613026819923,
              "1000.0": 100
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "key": "江苏",
          "doc_count": 6,
          "latency_percentile_ranks": {
            "values": {
              "200.0": 100,
              "1000.0": 100
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

percentile的优化

和基数一样，计算百分位需要一个近似算法。 
percentiles 使用一个 TDigest 算法，与 HyperLogLog 一样，不需要理解完整的技术细节，但有必要了解算法的特性：

• 百分位的准确度与百分位的 极端程度 相关，也就是说 1 或 99 的百分位要比 50 百分位要准确。这只是数据结构内部机制的一种特性，但这是一个好的特性，因为多数人只关心极端的百分位。
• 对于数值集合较小的情况，百分位非常准确。如果数据集足够小，百分位可能 100% 精确。
• 随着桶里数值的增长，算法会开始对百分位进行估算。它能有效在准确度和内存节省之间做出权衡。 不准确的程度比较难以总结，因为它依赖于 聚合时数据的分布以及数据量的大小。

compression (默认100)
限制节点数量最多 compression * 20 = 2000个node去计算
越大，占用内存越多，越精准，性能越差

一个节点占用32字节，100 * 20 * 32 = 64KB
如果你想要percentile算法越精准，compression可以设置的越大