spring-cloud-netflix-hystrix 原理源码分析

spring-cloud-netflix-hystrix 原理源码分析:

  本文主要针对 spring-cloud-dependencies   Hoxton.SR4版本, spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix 源码的解析。

  对于未接触过 hystrix 的小伙伴可以参考 https://www.cnblogs.com/wuzhenzhao/p/9473073.html 进行一些基础知识的了解。

  本文主要从以下几个点来分析:

  1. 手写实现简易版 Hystrix 体验。
  2. RXJava 基础知识体验。
  3. Hystrix 源码流程分析。

手写实现简易版 Hystrix 体验:

  继上文的博客链接,我们知道了Hystrix 提供了多种方式让我们实现服务降级。我们可以通过注解 @HystrixCommand、或者继承 HystrixCommand 来实现降级,以及一些请求合并等操作。

  我们需要知道的是,当我们采用 @HystrixCommand 注解来实现服务降级,在Hystrix 的内部是采用 AOP 的方式进行拦截处理请求的,我们这里就先来实现一下简易版的 Hystrix 来体会一下,主要分为以下步骤

  1. 定义自己的@HystrixCommand 注解。
  2. 实现拦截请求的处理逻辑。
  3. 测试调用。

1.自定义注解 @WuzzHystrixCommand

@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface WuzzHystrixCommand {

    /**
     * 默认超时时间
     *
     * @return
     */
    int timeout() default 1000;

    /**
     * 回退方法
     *
     * @return
     */
    String fallback() default "";

}

2.编写切面类,实现简易的逻辑处理

@Component
@Aspect
public class WuzzHystrixCommandAspect {
    //线程池的处理,基于这个线程池的处理统计可以达到 THREAD 资源限流
    ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);

    //注解切点
    @Pointcut(value = "@annotation(com.wuzz.demo.custom.hystrix.WuzzHystrixCommand)")
    public void pointCut() {
    }

    //环绕通知
    @Around(value = "pointCut()&&@annotation(hystrixCommand)")
    public Object doPointCut(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint, WuzzHystrixCommand hystrixCommand) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
        int timeout = hystrixCommand.timeout();
        //前置的判断逻辑
        Future future = executorService.submit(() -> {
            try {
                return joinPoint.proceed(); //执行目标方法
            } catch (Throwable throwable) {
                throwable.printStackTrace();
            }
            return null;
        });
        Object result;
        try {// 使用 future 来实现超时
            result = future.get(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
        } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException | TimeoutException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            future.cancel(true);
            //
            if (StringUtils.isBlank(hystrixCommand.fallback())) {
                throw e;
            }
            //调用fallback
            result = invokeFallback(joinPoint, hystrixCommand.fallback());
        }
        return result;
    }

    private Object invokeFallback(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint, String fallback) throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
        //获取被代理的方法的参数和Method
        MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature();
        Method method = signature.getMethod();
        Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
        //得到fallback方法
        try {
            Method fallbackMethod = joinPoint.getTarget().getClass().getMethod(fallback, parameterTypes);
            fallbackMethod.setAccessible(true);
            //完成反射调用
            return fallbackMethod.invoke(joinPoint.getTarget(), joinPoint.getArgs());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw e;
        }
    }
}

3. 编写测试,调用:

@WuzzHystrixCommand(fallback = "customFallback", timeout = 3000)
    @GetMapping("/custom/hystrix/test")
    public String test() {
        Map map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("id", 666);
        return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX + "/hello?id={id}", String.class, map);
}

public String customFallback() {
        return "custom 请求被降级";
}

  正常得调用是没有问题的,这个时候我们把服务提供方的服务接口里  sleep 3秒来模仿调用超时,在访问接口:

  相信小伙伴们有了一些心得了,只不过Hystrix里面得实现是很复杂的 ,没有我们这么简单。

RXJava 基础知识体验:

  上文的博文连接中也讲到了 RXJava的简单例子,这里由于马上我们要去看 Hystrix的源码了,我们这里写一个类似于源码中的例子,这样来帮助我们更容易理解。

public class RxJavaDemo {

    // ReactiveX Java  响应式编程框架(android)
    // Java stream() java8
    //观察者模式
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        final String[] datas = new String[]{"登录"};

        final Action0 onComplated = new Action0() {
            @Override
            public void call() {
                System.out.println("on Complated");
            }
        };
        //老师(被观察者)
        Observable<String> observable = Observable.defer(new Func0<Observable<String>>() {
            @Override
            public Observable<String> call() {
                Observable observable1 = Observable.from(datas);
                return observable1.doOnCompleted(onComplated);
            }
        });
        //学生(观察者)
        Observer observer = new Observer() {
            @Override
            public void onCompleted() {
                System.out.println("Observer: onCompleted");
            }

            @Override
            public void onError(Throwable throwable) {
                System.out.println("Observer: onError");
            }

            @Override
            public void onNext(Object o) {
                System.out.println("on Next:" + o);
            }
        };
//        observable.subscribe(observer); //建立订阅关系

        String s = observable.toBlocking().toFuture().get();//建立订阅关系
        System.out.println(s);
    }
}

  写这个例子的目的主要是想说明,我们可能对于 RXJava 的 API可能不是很熟悉,但是我们一定要知道对于 Observable 实例来说, call 方法才是关键,而 observable.toBlocking().toFuture().get() 是用于获取执行结果的。在 Hystrix的源码中能看到。了解一下,我们直接进入Hystrix的源码

Hystrix 源码流程分析:

  需要注意的是,Hystrix用到了RxJava这个框架,它是一个响应式编程框架,在Android里面用得比较多,所以很多同学对它不是很了解。如果不了解的话,看Hystrix的源码就会有点困难。

  Hystrix的数据统计是采用的滑动窗口,关于滑动窗口我这里就不深入研究了,又兴趣的同学可以参考我另外一篇博客, Sentinel 限流原理 进行了解,也可以直接访问 滑动窗口在线演示地址

  Hystrix熔断的@HystrixCommand注解,是通过HystrixCommandAspect这个切面来处理的。其中我们关注@Around注解声明的方法,它针对于请求合并,以及降级的注解进行代理。这里我们重点针对HystrixCommand这个注解进行详细分析。

@Aspect
public class HystrixCommandAspect {

    private static final Map<HystrixPointcutType, MetaHolderFactory> META_HOLDER_FACTORY_MAP;

    static {
        META_HOLDER_FACTORY_MAP = ImmutableMap.<HystrixPointcutType, MetaHolderFactory>builder()
                .put(HystrixPointcutType.COMMAND, new CommandMetaHolderFactory())
                .put(HystrixPointcutType.COLLAPSER, new CollapserMetaHolderFactory())
                .build();
    }
   // 熔断降级切点
    @Pointcut("@annotation(com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand)")
    public void hystrixCommandAnnotationPointcut() {
    }
   // 请求合并切点
    @Pointcut("@annotation(com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCollapser)")
    public void hystrixCollapserAnnotationPointcut() {
    }

   // 环绕通知
    @Around("hystrixCommandAnnotationPointcut() || hystrixCollapserAnnotationPointcut()")
    public Object methodsAnnotatedWithHystrixCommand(final ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
     // 获取目标方法信息
        Method method = getMethodFromTarget(joinPoint);
        Validate.notNull(method, "failed to get method from joinPoint: %s", joinPoint);
        if (method.isAnnotationPresent(HystrixCommand.class) && method.isAnnotationPresent(HystrixCollapser.class)) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("method cannot be annotated with HystrixCommand and HystrixCollapser " +
                    "annotations at the same time");
        }
        MetaHolderFactory metaHolderFactory = META_HOLDER_FACTORY_MAP.get(HystrixPointcutType.of(method));
     // 获取元数据,比如调用方法,HystrixProperty注解数据、方法参数等
        MetaHolder metaHolder = metaHolderFactory.create(joinPoint);
     //获取调用者,它持有一个命令对象,并且可以在合适的时候通过这个命令对象完成具体的业务逻辑
        HystrixInvokable invokable = HystrixCommandFactory.getInstance().create(metaHolder);
        ExecutionType executionType = metaHolder.isCollapserAnnotationPresent() ?
                metaHolder.getCollapserExecutionType() : metaHolder.getExecutionType();

        Object result;
        try {
        //是否是响应式的(由于我们这些都是同步的会走这个逻辑)
            if (!metaHolder.isObservable()) {
                result = CommandExecutor.execute(invokable, executionType, metaHolder);
            } else {
                result = executeObservable(invokable, executionType, metaHolder);
            }
        } catch (HystrixBadRequestException e) {
            throw e.getCause();
        } catch (HystrixRuntimeException e) {
            throw hystrixRuntimeExceptionToThrowable(metaHolder, e);
        }
        return result;
    }
    // ......
}

  然后进入 CommandExecutor#execute 方法这个方法主要用来执行命令,从代码中可以看出这里有三个执行类型,分别是同步、异步、以及响应式。其中,响应式又分为Cold Observable(observable.toObservable()) 和 HotObservable(observable.observe())默认的executionType=SYNCHRONOUS ,同步请求。

 

  1. execute():同步执行,返回一个单一的对象结果,发生错误时抛出异常。
  2. queue():异步执行,返回一个 Future 对象,包含着执行结束后返回的单一结果。
  3. observe():这个方法返回一个 Observable 对象,它代表操作的多个结果,但是已经被订阅者消费掉了。
  4. toObservable():这个方法返回一个 Observable 对象,它代表操作的多个结果,需要咱们自己手动订阅并消费掉。

  接着调用HystrixCommand.execute()方法,这个方法中,首先调用queue(),这个方法会返回一个future对象。

public R execute() {
        try {
            return queue().get();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw Exceptions.sneakyThrow(decomposeException(e));
        }
}

  queue这个方法中,返回了一个Future对象,这个future对象的实现是f,f是以匿名内部类,它是Java.util.concurrent中定一个的一个异步带返回值对象。当调用queue().get()方法时,最终是委派给了delegate.get 方法。

public Future<R> queue() {
        /*
         * The Future returned by Observable.toBlocking().toFuture() does not implement the
         * interruption of the execution thread when the "mayInterrupt" flag of Future.cancel(boolean) is set to true;
         * thus, to comply with the contract of Future, we must wrap around it.
         */
        final Future<R> delegate = toObservable().toBlocking().toFuture();
        
        final Future<R> f = new Future<R>() {

            @Override
            public boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
                
        // ......省略代码
            @Override
            public R get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
                return delegate.get();
            }

            @Override
            public R get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
                return delegate.get(timeout, unit);
            }
            
        };

        // ...省略代码
        return f;
}

  在上述代码中,重点来了,构建了一个 java.util.concurrent.Future ,然后调用 get的时候委派给 delegate,而 delegate来自于 toObservable().toBlocking().toFuture(); 这正是我们上面例子里面得代码。所以我们现在的重点应该放在  toObservable() 方法中:

  AbstractCommand.toObservable :通过Observable定义一个被观察者,这个被观察者会被toObservable().toBlocking().toFuture() ,实际上就是返回可获得 run() 抽象方法执行结果的Future 。 run() 方法由子类实现,执行正常的业务逻辑。在下面这段代码中,当存在subscriber时,便会调用Func0#call() 方法,而这个subscriber是在 toBlocking() 中被订阅的。到这还是我们上面的例子里面的代码。该方法主要做了以下几件事:

  • 创建一些命令供后续的回调使用

  • 调用 isRequestCachingEnabled(); 判断请求结果缓存功能是否开启,如果开启并且命中了缓存,则会以Observable形式返回一个缓存结果

  • 创建执行命令的Observable: hystrixObservable,

  • 当缓存处于开启状态并且没有命中缓存时,则创建一个“订阅了执行命令的Observable”:HystrixCommandResponseFromCache

  • 创建存储到缓存的Observable: HystrixCachedObservable当缓存特性没有开启时,则返回执行命令的Observable。

    • 将toCache添加到缓存中,返回获取缓存的Observable:fromCache

    • 如果添加失败: fromCache!=null, 则调用 toCache.unsubscribe() 方法,取消HystrixCachedObservable 的订阅

    • 如果添加成功,则调用 toCache.toObservable(); 获得缓存Observable

  • 当缓存特性没有开启时,则返回执行命令的Observable。

public Observable<R> toObservable() {
        final AbstractCommand<R> _cmd = this;
        //会在Observable结束前触发回调该call方法,无论是正常还是异常终止
        //doOnCompleted handler already did all of the SUCCESS work
        //doOnError handler already did all of the FAILURE/TIMEOUT/REJECTION/BAD_REQUEST work
        final Action0 terminateCommandCleanup = new Action0() {

            @Override
            public void call() {
                if (_cmd.commandState.compareAndSet(CommandState.OBSERVABLE_CHAIN_CREATED, CommandState.TERMINAL)) {
                    handleCommandEnd(false); //user code never ran
                } else if (_cmd.commandState.compareAndSet(CommandState.USER_CODE_EXECUTED, CommandState.TERMINAL)) {
                    handleCommandEnd(true); //user code did run
                }
            }
        };

        //取消订阅时的监听会进行回调该 call方法
        //mark the command as CANCELLED and store the latency (in addition to standard cleanup)
        final Action0 unsubscribeCommandCleanup = new Action0() {
            @Override
            public void call() {
                if (_cmd.commandState.compareAndSet(CommandState.OBSERVABLE_CHAIN_CREATED, CommandState.UNSUBSCRIBED)) {
                    if (!_cmd.executionResult.containsTerminalEvent()) {
                        _cmd.eventNotifier.markEvent(HystrixEventType.CANCELLED, _cmd.commandKey);
                        try {
                            executionHook.onUnsubscribe(_cmd);
                        } catch (Throwable hookEx) {
                            logger.warn("Error calling HystrixCommandExecutionHook.onUnsubscribe", hookEx);
                        }
                        _cmd.executionResultAtTimeOfCancellation = _cmd.executionResult
                                .addEvent((int) (System.currentTimeMillis() - _cmd.commandStartTimestamp), HystrixEventType.CANCELLED);
                    }
                    handleCommandEnd(false); //user code never ran
                } else if (_cmd.commandState.compareAndSet(CommandState.USER_CODE_EXECUTED, CommandState.UNSUBSCRIBED)) {
                    if (!_cmd.executionResult.containsTerminalEvent()) {
                        _cmd.eventNotifier.markEvent(HystrixEventType.CANCELLED, _cmd.commandKey);
                        try {
                            executionHook.onUnsubscribe(_cmd);
                        } catch (Throwable hookEx) {
                            logger.warn("Error calling HystrixCommandExecutionHook.onUnsubscribe", hookEx);
                        }
                        _cmd.executionResultAtTimeOfCancellation = _cmd.executionResult
                                .addEvent((int) (System.currentTimeMillis() - _cmd.commandStartTimestamp), HystrixEventType.CANCELLED);
                    }
                    handleCommandEnd(true); //user code did run
                }
            }
        };

        final Func0<Observable<R>> applyHystrixSemantics = new Func0<Observable<R>>() {
            @Override
            public Observable<R> call() {
                if (commandState.get().equals(CommandState.UNSUBSCRIBED)) {
                    return Observable.never(); // 立即终止整个流程。
                }//返回执行命令的Observable
                return applyHystrixSemantics(_cmd);
            }
        };

        final Func1<R, R> wrapWithAllOnNextHooks = new Func1<R, R>() {
            @Override
            public R call(R r) {
                R afterFirstApplication = r;

                try {
                    afterFirstApplication = executionHook.onComplete(_cmd, r);
                } catch (Throwable hookEx) {
                    logger.warn("Error calling HystrixCommandExecutionHook.onComplete", hookEx);
                }

                try {
                    return executionHook.onEmit(_cmd, afterFirstApplication);
                } catch (Throwable hookEx) {
                    logger.warn("Error calling HystrixCommandExecutionHook.onEmit", hookEx);
                    return afterFirstApplication;
                }
            }
        };

        final Action0 fireOnCompletedHook = new Action0() {
            @Override
            public void call() {
                try {
                    executionHook.onSuccess(_cmd);
                } catch (Throwable hookEx) {
                    logger.warn("Error calling HystrixCommandExecutionHook.onSuccess", hookEx);
                }
            }
        };

        return Observable.defer(new Func0<Observable<R>>() {
            @Override
            public Observable<R> call() {
                /* this is a stateful object so can only be used once */
                // CAS保证命令只执行一次
                if (!commandState.compareAndSet(CommandState.NOT_STARTED, CommandState.OBSERVABLE_CHAIN_CREATED)) {
                    IllegalStateException ex = new IllegalStateException("This instance can only be executed once. Please instantiate a new instance.");
                    //TODO make a new error type for this
                    throw new HystrixRuntimeException(FailureType.BAD_REQUEST_EXCEPTION, _cmd.getClass(), getLogMessagePrefix() + " command executed multiple times - this is not permitted.", ex, null);
                }
                // 命令开始时间戳
                commandStartTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
                // 打印日志
                if (properties.requestLogEnabled().get()) {
                    // log this command execution regardless of what happened
                    if (currentRequestLog != null) {
                        currentRequestLog.addExecutedCommand(_cmd);
                    }
                }
                // 缓存开关,缓存KEY(这个是Hystrix中请求缓存功能,hystrix支持将一个请求结果缓存起来,
                // 下一个具有相同key的请求将直接从缓存中取出结果,减少请求开销)
                final boolean requestCacheEnabled = isRequestCachingEnabled();
                final String cacheKey = getCacheKey();

                /* try from cache first */
                if (requestCacheEnabled) {//如果开启了缓存机制,则从缓存中获取结果
                    HystrixCommandResponseFromCache<R> fromCache = (HystrixCommandResponseFromCache<R>) requestCache.get(cacheKey);
                    if (fromCache != null) {
                        isResponseFromCache = true;
                        return handleRequestCacheHitAndEmitValues(fromCache, _cmd);
                    }
                }
                // 声明执行命令的Observable
                Observable<R> hystrixObservable =
                        Observable.defer(applyHystrixSemantics)
                                .map(wrapWithAllOnNextHooks);

                Observable<R> afterCache;

                // put in cache  保存请求结果到缓存中
                if (requestCacheEnabled && cacheKey != null) {
                    // wrap it for caching
                    HystrixCachedObservable<R> toCache = HystrixCachedObservable.from(hystrixObservable, _cmd);
                    HystrixCommandResponseFromCache<R> fromCache = (HystrixCommandResponseFromCache<R>) requestCache.putIfAbsent(cacheKey, toCache);
                    if (fromCache != null) {
                        // another thread beat us so we'll use the cached value instead
                        toCache.unsubscribe();
                        isResponseFromCache = true;
                        return handleRequestCacheHitAndEmitValues(fromCache, _cmd);
                    } else {
                        // we just created an ObservableCommand so we cast and return it
                        afterCache = toCache.toObservable();
                    }
                } else {
                    afterCache = hystrixObservable;
                }

                return afterCache
                        //会在Observable结束前触发回调,无论是正常还是异常终止
                        .doOnTerminate(terminateCommandCleanup)     // perform cleanup once (either on normal terminal state (this line), or unsubscribe (next line))
                        //取消订阅时的监听
                        .doOnUnsubscribe(unsubscribeCommandCleanup) // perform cleanup once
                        //Observable正常终止时的监听
                        .doOnCompleted(fireOnCompletedHook);
            }
        });
    }

  所以在 AbstractCommand#toObservable 方法里,我们只需要看这个返回的 Observable 对象的 call 方法即可,而在这里 默认没有开启缓存的话就是 :

Observable<R> hystrixObservable =
                        Observable.defer(applyHystrixSemantics)
                                .map(wrapWithAllOnNextHooks);

  那么我们主要来看 applyHystrixSemantics ,在该方法上面定义了

final Func0<Observable<R>> applyHystrixSemantics = new Func0<Observable<R>>() {
            @Override
            public Observable<R> call() {
                if (commandState.get().equals(CommandState.UNSUBSCRIBED)) {
                    return Observable.never();
                }
                return applyHystrixSemantics(_cmd);
            }
};

  假设缓存特性未开启或者未命中缓存,那么代码将执行 applyHystrixSemantics 。传入的_cmd是一个GenericCommand(可以断点看看),最终执行这个command中的run方法,本质就是完成对queryOrder方法的代理。

  circuitBreaker.allowRequest() 如果为true,表示当前不处于熔断状态,正常执行,否则,调用 handleShortCircuitViaFallback 实现服务降级,如果我们配置了fallback方法,则会获得我们配置的fallback执行。执行路径为 : handleShortCircuitViaFallback ->getFallbackOrThrowException ->getFallbackObservable->HystrixCommand.getFallbackObservable->GenericCommand.getFallback();

  如果当前hystrix处于未熔断状态,则

  • getExecutionSemaphore 判断当前策略是否为信号量(TryableSemaphoreNoOp/TryableSemaphoreActual),如果是,则调用 tryAcquire 来获取信号量。如果当前信号量满了,则调用 handleSemaphoreRejectionViaFallback 方法。
  • 调用 executeCommandAndObserve 获取命令执行Observable。
private Observable<R> applyHystrixSemantics(final AbstractCommand<R> _cmd) {
        // mark that we're starting execution on the ExecutionHook
        // if this hook throws an exception, then a fast-fail occurs with no fallback.  No state is left inconsistent
        executionHook.onStart(_cmd);

        /* determine if we're allowed to execute */
     // 判断是否处于熔断状态

        if (circuitBreaker.allowRequest()) {
            final TryableSemaphore executionSemaphore = getExecutionSemaphore();
            final AtomicBoolean semaphoreHasBeenReleased = new AtomicBoolean(false);
            final Action0 singleSemaphoreRelease = new Action0() {//操作命令
                @Override
                public void call() {
                    if (semaphoreHasBeenReleased.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
                        executionSemaphore.release();
                    }
                }
            };

            final Action1<Throwable> markExceptionThrown = new Action1<Throwable>() {
                @Override
                public void call(Throwable t) {
                    eventNotifier.markEvent(HystrixEventType.EXCEPTION_THROWN, commandKey);
                }
            };
        // 是否开启信号量资源隔离,未配置走 com.netflix.hystrix.AbstractCommand.TryableSemaphoreNoOp#tryAcquire 默认返回通过
            if (executionSemaphore.tryAcquire()) {
                try {
                    /* used to track userThreadExecutionTime */
                    executionResult = executionResult.setInvocationStartTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
                    return executeCommandAndObserve(_cmd) // 执行命令,以下三个是回调,可以不看
                            .doOnError(markExceptionThrown)
                            .doOnTerminate(singleSemaphoreRelease)
                            .doOnUnsubscribe(singleSemaphoreRelease);
                } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                    return Observable.error(e);
                }
            } else {
           // 走服务降级方法
                return handleSemaphoreRejectionViaFallback();
            }
        } else {
            return handleShortCircuitViaFallback();
        }
}

  我们县来看一下执行失败进入降级的逻辑,这里我们直接进入到 HystrixCommand#getFallbackObservable

@Override
final protected Observable<R> getFallbackObservable() {
        return Observable.defer(new Func0<Observable<R>>() {
            @Override
            public Observable<R> call() {
                try {
                    return Observable.just(getFallback());
                } catch (Throwable ex) {
                    return Observable.error(ex);
                }
            }
        });
}

  这里的  getFallback 我们应该熟悉了,因为通过集成 HystrixCommand 类来实现熔断降级的时候我们重写了这个方法,而通过注解的话是通过 GenericCommand进行代理实现得,我们Debug一下,看看该类的 getFallback 方法做了什么:

  可以发现他拿到了我们配置在注解上的方法,这一点是不是跟上文的手写是一个道理呢? 然后进行调用获取结果返回。

  好了,回到 AbstractCommand#applyHystrixSemantics ,接下去我们按照正常逻辑走到  AbstractCommand#executeCommandAndObserve,主要做了以下三件事情

  1. 定义不同的回调,doOnNext、doOnCompleted、onErrorResumeNext、doOnEach。
  2. 调用executeCommandWithSpecifiedIsolation获得执行命令的Observable
  3. 若执行命令超时特性开启,调用 Observable.lift 方法实现执行命令超时功能。
private Observable<R> executeCommandAndObserve(final AbstractCommand<R> _cmd) {
        final HystrixRequestContext currentRequestContext = HystrixRequestContext.getContextForCurrentThread();
     // Action和Func都是定义的一个动作,Action是无返回值,Func是有返回值

     // doOnNext中的回调。即命令执行之前执行的操作
        final Action1<R> markEmits = new Action1<R>() {
            @Override
            public void call(R r) {
                if (shouldOutputOnNextEvents()) {
                    executionResult = executionResult.addEvent(HystrixEventType.EMIT);
                    eventNotifier.markEvent(HystrixEventType.EMIT, commandKey);
                }
                if (commandIsScalar()) {
                    long latency = System.currentTimeMillis() - executionResult.getStartTimestamp();
                    eventNotifier.markCommandExecution(getCommandKey(), properties.executionIsolationStrategy().get(), (int) latency, executionResult.getOrderedList());
                    eventNotifier.markEvent(HystrixEventType.SUCCESS, commandKey);
                    executionResult = executionResult.addEvent((int) latency, HystrixEventType.SUCCESS);
                    circuitBreaker.markSuccess();
                }
            }
        };
     // doOnCompleted中的回调。命令执行完毕后执行的操作
        final Action0 markOnCompleted = new Action0() {
            @Override
            public void call() {
                if (!commandIsScalar()) {
                    long latency = System.currentTimeMillis() - executionResult.getStartTimestamp();
                    eventNotifier.markCommandExecution(getCommandKey(), properties.executionIsolationStrategy().get(), (int) latency, executionResult.getOrderedList());
                    eventNotifier.markEvent(HystrixEventType.SUCCESS, commandKey);
                    executionResult = executionResult.addEvent((int) latency, HystrixEventType.SUCCESS);
                    circuitBreaker.markSuccess();
                }
            }
        };
     // onErrorResumeNext中的回调。命令执行失败后的回退逻辑
        final Func1<Throwable, Observable<R>> handleFallback = new Func1<Throwable, Observable<R>>() {
            @Override
            public Observable<R> call(Throwable t) {
                Exception e = getExceptionFromThrowable(t);
                executionResult = executionResult.setExecutionException(e);
                if (e instanceof RejectedExecutionException) {
                    return handleThreadPoolRejectionViaFallback(e);
                } else if (t instanceof HystrixTimeoutException) {
                    return handleTimeoutViaFallback();
                } else if (t instanceof HystrixBadRequestException) {
                    return handleBadRequestByEmittingError(e);
                } else {
                    /*
                     * Treat HystrixBadRequestException from ExecutionHook like a plain HystrixBadRequestException.
                     */
                    if (e instanceof HystrixBadRequestException) {
                        eventNotifier.markEvent(HystrixEventType.BAD_REQUEST, commandKey);
                        return Observable.error(e);
                    }

                    return handleFailureViaFallback(e);
                }
            }
        };
     // doOnEach中的回调。`Observable`每发射一个数据都会执行这个回调,设置请求上下文
        final Action1<Notification<? super R>> setRequestContext = new Action1<Notification<? super R>>() {
            @Override
            public void call(Notification<? super R> rNotification) {
                setRequestContextIfNeeded(currentRequestContext);
            }
        };

        Observable<R> execution;
     // 是否开启超时降级
        if (properties.executionTimeoutEnabled().get()) {
            execution = executeCommandWithSpecifiedIsolation(_cmd)
                    .lift(new HystrixObservableTimeoutOperator<R>(_cmd));
        } else {
            execution = executeCommandWithSpecifiedIsolation(_cmd);
        }
     // 发射
        return execution.doOnNext(markEmits)
                .doOnCompleted(markOnCompleted)
                .onErrorResumeNext(handleFallback)
                .doOnEach(setRequestContext);
}

  executeCommandWithSpecifiedIsolation:这个方法首先是根据当前不同的资源隔离策略执行不同的逻辑,THREAD、SEMAPHORE:

private Observable<R> executeCommandWithSpecifiedIsolation(final AbstractCommand<R> _cmd) {
     // 是否开启 THREAD 资源隔离降级
        if (properties.executionIsolationStrategy().get() == ExecutionIsolationStrategy.THREAD) {
            // ......省略代码
        } else { // 否则进入这里
            return Observable.defer(new Func0<Observable<R>>() {
                @Override
                public Observable<R> call() {
                    executionResult = executionResult.setExecutionOccurred();
                    if (!commandState.compareAndSet(CommandState.OBSERVABLE_CHAIN_CREATED, CommandState.USER_CODE_EXECUTED)) {
                        return Observable.error(new IllegalStateException("execution attempted while in state : " + commandState.get().name()));
                    }

                    metrics.markCommandStart(commandKey, threadPoolKey, ExecutionIsolationStrategy.SEMAPHORE);
                    // semaphore isolated
                    // store the command that is being run
                    endCurrentThreadExecutingCommand = Hystrix.startCurrentThreadExecutingCommand(getCommandKey());
                    try {
                        executionHook.onRunStart(_cmd);
                        executionHook.onExecutionStart(_cmd);
                // 真正的执行
                        return getUserExecutionObservable(_cmd);  //the getUserExecutionObservable method already wraps sync exceptions, so this shouldn't throw
                    } catch (Throwable ex) {
                        //If the above hooks throw, then use that as the result of the run method
                        return Observable.error(ex);
                    }
                }
            });
        }
}

  这里就不展开实现细节,我们直接看执行的方法 getUserExecutionObservable 。然后会执行 HystrixCommand#getExecutionObservable

@Override
    final protected Observable<R> getExecutionObservable() {
        return Observable.defer(new Func0<Observable<R>>() {
            @Override
            public Observable<R> call() {
                try {
                    return Observable.just(run());
                } catch (Throwable ex) {
                    return Observable.error(ex);
                }
            }
        }).doOnSubscribe(new Action0() {
            @Override
            public void call() {
                // Save thread on which we get subscribed so that we can interrupt it later if needed
                executionThread.set(Thread.currentThread());
            }
        });
    }

  又看到熟悉的代码   ,这个 run() 方法在通过集成 HystrixCommand 类来实现熔断降级的时候我们重写了这个方法,是真正的执行方法。

  这里最终调用的是run方法,通过Observable.just, just是RxJava中的一个操作符,它可以接受一个或者多个参数来创建一个Observable对象。而这个run()方法是一个抽象方法,在HystrixCommand中并没有实现,而是在子类中实现,而此时传递的cmd=GenricCommand正好实现了HystrixCommand,重写了run方法。

@Override
    protected Object run() throws Exception {
        LOGGER.debug("execute command: {}", getCommandKey().name());
        return process(new Action() {
            @Override
            Object execute() {
                return getCommandAction().execute(getExecutionType());
            }
        });
}

  大家有没有发现,这里的实现和我们前面自定义的 HystrixCommandService 实现是一样的,同样是集成HystrixCommand,重写run方法。这里也是如此。

  • 首先调用 getCommandAction() 方法获取 CommandAction ,我们的示例中获取到的是MethodExecutionAction 。
  • 然后调用 MethodExecutionAction.execute 方法,传入 ExecutionType 参数,我们的示例中传入的是 ExecutionType.SYNCHRONOUS 。

  拿到我们的真实方法进行调用返回。下面附上整个过程的流程图:

 

posted @ 2020-09-24 20:20  吴振照  阅读(2274)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报