取石子(好学的C++)
巴什博奕(Bash Game)只有一堆n个物品,两个人轮流从这堆物品中取物,规定每次至少取一个,最多取m个。最后取光者得胜。
显然,如果n=m+1,那么由于一次最多只能取m个,所以,无论先取者拿走多少个,后取者都能够一次拿走剩余的物品,后者取胜。因此我们发现了如何取胜的 法则:如果n=(m+1)r+s,(r为任意自然数,s≤m),那么先取者要拿走s=n/(m+1)个物品,如果后取者拿走k(≤m)个,那么先取者再拿走m+1-k个, 结果剩下(m+1)(r-1)个,以后保持这样的取法,那么先取者肯定获胜。总之,要保持给对手留下(m+1)的倍数,就能最后获胜。
#include <cstdlib> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int total, n, m; cout << "Welcome to NIM. Pick a staring total: "; cin >> total; cout << "请输入你想减去值的范围最大值。"; while (total <= 0) { cout << "请输入一个大于0的数: "; cin >> total; if (total > 0) { break; } } while (true) { //通过判断,做出最好的选择,并打印出结果。 if ((total % m+1 == m)) { total = total - 2; cout << "I am subtacting 2." << endl; } else { total --; cout << "I am subtacting 1." << endl; } cout << "New total is " << total << endl; if (total == 0) { cout << "I win!" << endl; break; } //获得用户的输入,必须是1或者2; cout << "Enter num to subtract (1 or 2):"; cin >> n; while (n < 1 || n > 2) { cout << "Input must be 1 or 2." << endl; cout << "Re-enter. "; cin >> n; } total = total - n; cout << "New total is " << total << endl; if (total == 0) { cout << "You win." << endl; break; } } system("PAUSE"); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }