Logstash—Filter模块-grok

一种将非机构化数据转换为结构化数据

1.grok格式

%{SYNTAX:SEMANTIC}
# SYNTAX：匹配数据的模式(正则)名称
# SEMANTIC：标识或字段名称

2.相关参数

filter {
    grok {
        add_field:增加数据
        add_tag:增加tag
        break_on_match:true 第一个匹配成功结束
        keep_empty_captures:true 保存空的事件字段
        match:匹配有值的字段
        named_captures_only:true 使用grok模式定义的字段
        overwrite:覆盖字段的值
        pattern_dir:目录
        pattern_files_glob:如果设置了目录，则用来选择目录中所有的文件
        periodic_flush:规定时间内周期调用flush方法
        remove_field:移除字段
        remove_tag:移除tag
        tag_on_failure:无法匹配则弹出tag出错
        tag_on_timeout:超时则产生新的tag
        timeout_millis:超时中断正则表达式
    }
}
###################################################################
filter {
    grok {
        add_field=>{"current_time"=>""%{@timestamp}}
        match=>{"message"=>"%{CISCOTIMESTAMP:timestmap}%{HOST:host} %{WORD:program}:\[%{NUMBER:duration}]%{GREEDYDATA:log}"}
        remove_field=>["host"]
        remove_tag=>["grok","test"]
    }
}

3.正则表达式库Oniguruma

https://github.com/logstash-plugins/logstash-patterns-core/blob/main/patterns/ecs-v1/grok-patterns

USERNAME [a-zA-Z0-9._-]+
USER %{USERNAME}
EMAILLOCALPART [a-zA-Z0-9!#$%&'*+\-/=?^_`{|}~]{1,64}(?:\.[a-zA-Z0-9!#$%&'*+\-/=?^_`{|}~]{1,62}){0,63}
EMAILADDRESS %{EMAILLOCALPART}@%{HOSTNAME}
INT (?:[+-]?(?:[0-9]+))
BASE10NUM (?<![0-9.+-])(?>[+-]?(?:(?:[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)?)|(?:\.[0-9]+)))
NUMBER (?:%{BASE10NUM})
BASE16NUM (?<![0-9A-Fa-f])(?:[+-]?(?:0x)?(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]+))
BASE16FLOAT \b(?<![0-9A-Fa-f.])(?:[+-]?(?:0x)?(?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]+(?:\.[0-9A-Fa-f]*)?)|(?:\.[0-9A-Fa-f]+)))\b

POSINT \b(?:[1-9][0-9]*)\b
NONNEGINT \b(?:[0-9]+)\b
WORD \b\w+\b
NOTSPACE \S+
SPACE \s*
DATA .*?
GREEDYDATA .*
QUOTEDSTRING (?>(?<!\\)(?>"(?>\\.|[^\\"]+)+"|""|(?>'(?>\\.|[^\\']+)+')|''|(?>`(?>\\.|[^\\`]+)+`)|``))
UUID [A-Fa-f0-9]{8}-(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}-){3}[A-Fa-f0-9]{12}
# URN, allowing use of RFC 2141 section 2.3 reserved characters
URN urn:[0-9A-Za-z][0-9A-Za-z-]{0,31}:(?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2}|[0-9A-Za-z()+,.:=@;$_!*'/?#-])+

# Networking
MAC (?:%{CISCOMAC}|%{WINDOWSMAC}|%{COMMONMAC})
CISCOMAC (?:(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}\.){2}[A-Fa-f0-9]{4})
WINDOWSMAC (?:(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}-){5}[A-Fa-f0-9]{2})
COMMONMAC (?:(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}:){5}[A-Fa-f0-9]{2})
IPV6 ((([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){7}([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}(:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,2})|:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,3})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,4})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,2}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,5})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,3}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){1}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,6})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,4}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(:(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,7})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,5}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:)))(%.+)?
IPV4 (?<![0-9])(?:(?:[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])[.](?:[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])[.](?:[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])[.](?:[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5]))(?![0-9])
IP (?:%{IPV6}|%{IPV4})
HOSTNAME \b(?:[0-9A-Za-z][0-9A-Za-z-]{0,62})(?:\.(?:[0-9A-Za-z][0-9A-Za-z-]{0,62}))*(\.?|\b)
IPORHOST (?:%{IP}|%{HOSTNAME})
HOSTPORT %{IPORHOST}:%{POSINT}

# paths (only absolute paths are matched)
PATH (?:%{UNIXPATH}|%{WINPATH})
UNIXPATH (/[[[:alnum:]]_%!$@:.,+~-]*)+
TTY (?:/dev/(pts|tty([pq])?)(\w+)?/?(?:[0-9]+))
WINPATH (?>[A-Za-z]+:|\\)(?:\\[^\\?*]*)+
URIPROTO [A-Za-z]([A-Za-z0-9+\-.]+)+
URIHOST %{IPORHOST}(?::%{POSINT})?
# uripath comes loosely from RFC1738, but mostly from what Firefox doesn't turn into %XX
URIPATH (?:/[A-Za-z0-9$.+!*'(){},~:;=@#%&_\-]*)+
URIQUERY [A-Za-z0-9$.+!*'|(){},~@#%&/=:;_?\-\[\]<>]*
# deprecated (kept due compatibility):
URIPARAM \?%{URIQUERY}
URIPATHPARAM %{URIPATH}(?:\?%{URIQUERY})?
URI %{URIPROTO}://(?:%{USER}(?::[^@]*)?@)?(?:%{URIHOST})?(?:%{URIPATH}(?:\?%{URIQUERY})?)?

# Months: January, Feb, 3, 03, 12, December
MONTH \b(?:[Jj]an(?:uary|uar)?|[Ff]eb(?:ruary|ruar)?|[Mm](?:a|ä)?r(?:ch|z)?|[Aa]pr(?:il)?|[Mm]a(?:y|i)?|[Jj]un(?:e|i)?|[Jj]ul(?:y|i)?|[Aa]ug(?:ust)?|[Ss]ep(?:tember)?|[Oo](?:c|k)?t(?:ober)?|[Nn]ov(?:ember)?|[Dd]e(?:c|z)(?:ember)?)\b
MONTHNUM (?:0?[1-9]|1[0-2])
MONTHNUM2 (?:0[1-9]|1[0-2])
MONTHDAY (?:(?:0[1-9])|(?:[12][0-9])|(?:3[01])|[1-9])

# Days: Monday, Tue, Thu, etc...
DAY (?:Mon(?:day)?|Tue(?:sday)?|Wed(?:nesday)?|Thu(?:rsday)?|Fri(?:day)?|Sat(?:urday)?|Sun(?:day)?)

# Years?
YEAR (?>\d\d){1,2}
HOUR (?:2[0123]|[01]?[0-9])
MINUTE (?:[0-5][0-9])
# '60' is a leap second in most time standards and thus is valid.
SECOND (?:(?:[0-5]?[0-9]|60)(?:[:.,][0-9]+)?)
TIME (?!<[0-9])%{HOUR}:%{MINUTE}(?::%{SECOND})(?![0-9])
# datestamp is YYYY/MM/DD-HH:MM:SS.UUUU (or something like it)
DATE_US %{MONTHNUM}[/-]%{MONTHDAY}[/-]%{YEAR}
DATE_EU %{MONTHDAY}[./-]%{MONTHNUM}[./-]%{YEAR}
ISO8601_TIMEZONE (?:Z|[+-]%{HOUR}(?::?%{MINUTE}))
ISO8601_SECOND %{SECOND}
TIMESTAMP_ISO8601 %{YEAR}-%{MONTHNUM}-%{MONTHDAY}[T ]%{HOUR}:?%{MINUTE}(?::?%{SECOND})?%{ISO8601_TIMEZONE}?
DATE %{DATE_US}|%{DATE_EU}
DATESTAMP %{DATE}[- ]%{TIME}
TZ (?:[APMCE][SD]T|UTC)
DATESTAMP_RFC822 %{DAY} %{MONTH} %{MONTHDAY} %{YEAR} %{TIME} %{TZ}
DATESTAMP_RFC2822 %{DAY}, %{MONTHDAY} %{MONTH} %{YEAR} %{TIME} %{ISO8601_TIMEZONE}
DATESTAMP_OTHER %{DAY} %{MONTH} %{MONTHDAY} %{TIME} %{TZ} %{YEAR}
DATESTAMP_EVENTLOG %{YEAR}%{MONTHNUM2}%{MONTHDAY}%{HOUR}%{MINUTE}%{SECOND}

# Syslog Dates: Month Day HH:MM:SS
SYSLOGTIMESTAMP %{MONTH} +%{MONTHDAY} %{TIME}
PROG [\x21-\x5a\x5c\x5e-\x7e]+
SYSLOGPROG %{PROG:[process][name]}(?:\[%{POSINT:[process][pid]:int}\])?
SYSLOGHOST %{IPORHOST}
SYSLOGFACILITY <%{NONNEGINT:[log][syslog][facility][code]:int}.%{NONNEGINT:[log][syslog][priority]:int}>
HTTPDATE %{MONTHDAY}/%{MONTH}/%{YEAR}:%{TIME} %{INT}

# Shortcuts
QS %{QUOTEDSTRING}

# Log formats
SYSLOGBASE %{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:timestamp} (?:%{SYSLOGFACILITY} )?%{SYSLOGHOST:[host][hostname]} %{SYSLOGPROG}:

# Log Levels
LOGLEVEL ([Aa]lert|ALERT|[Tt]race|TRACE|[Dd]ebug|DEBUG|[Nn]otice|NOTICE|[Ii]nfo?(?:rmation)?|INFO?(?:RMATION)?|[Ww]arn?(?:ing)?|WARN?(?:ING)?|[Ee]rr?(?:or)?|ERR?(?:OR)?|[Cc]rit?(?:ical)?|CRIT?(?:ICAL)?|[Ff]atal|FATAL|[Ss]evere|SEVERE|EMERG(?:ENCY)?|[Ee]merg(?:ency)?)

4.在线校验

http://grokdebug.herokuapp.com/

http://www.5axxw.com/tools/v2/grok.html

5.例子

日志行

Log flie:Jun 19 02:11:30 This is a sample log.

grok

%{CISCOTIMESTAMP:timestmap} %{GREEDYDATA:log}

结果：

{
  "timestmap": [
    [
      "Jun 19 02:11:30"
    ]
  ],
  "MONTH": [
    [
      "Jun"
    ]
  ],
  "MONTHDAY": [
    [
      "19"
    ]
  ],
  "YEAR": [
    [
      null
    ]
  ],
  "TIME": [
    [
      "02:11:30"
    ]
  ],
  "HOUR": [
    [
      "02"
    ]
  ],
  "MINUTE": [
    [
      "11"
    ]
  ],
  "SECOND": [
    [
      "30"
    ]
  ],
  "log": [
    [
      "This is a sample log."
    ]
  ]
}

6.常用表达式

主机、ip、路径

HOSTNAME 主机名称
IPORHOST IP或者主机名称
HOSTPORT 主机名(IP)+端口，如: 127.0.0.1:3306、api.stozen.NET:8000
MAC MAC地址
IP IP地址，IPv4或IPv6地址，比如：127.0.0.1、FE80:0000:0000:0000:AAAA:0000:00C2:0002等
PATH 路径，Unix系统或者Windows系统里的路径格式，比如：/usr/xxx、c:\windows\xxx等

字符串、数字

USERNAME 或 USER \w+，比如：1234、Bob、Alex.Wong等
WORD \b\w+\b，比如：String、3529345、ILoveYou等
EMAILLOCALPART [a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_.+-=:]+
EMAILADDRESS 电子邮件,%{EMAILLOCALPART}@%{HOSTNAME},比如：stone@abc.com、等
BASE10NUM 十进制数字，包括整数和小数,比如：0、18、5.23等
NUMBER 十进制数字，包括整数和小数,比如：0、18、5.23等
BASE16NUM 十六进制数字，整数,比如：0x0045fa2d、-0x3F8709等
BASE16FLOAT 十六进制数字，整数和小数
WORD 字符串，包括数字和大小写字母,比如：String、3529345、ILoveYou等
NOTSPACE 不带任何空格的字符串
SPACE 空格字符串
QUOTEDSTRING 或 QS 带引号的字符串,比如："This is an apple"、'What is your name?'等
UUID 标准UUID,比如：550E8400-E29B-11D4-A716-446655440000

时间日期

MONTH 月份名称，比如：Jan、January等
MONTHNUM 月份数字，比如：03、9、12等
MONTHDAY 日期数字，比如：03、9、31等
DAY 星期几名称，比如：Mon、Monday等
YEAR 年份数字
HOUR 小时数字
MINUTE 分钟数字
SECOND 秒数字
TIME 时间，比如：00:01:23
DATE_US 美国日期格式，比如：10-15-1982、10/15/1982等
DATE_EU 欧洲日期格式，比如：15-10-1982、15/10/1982、15.10.1982等
DATE 日期，美国日期%{DATE_US}或者欧洲日期%{DATE_EU}
ISO8601_TIMEZONE ISO8601时间格式，比如：+10:23、-1023等
TIMESTAMP_ISO8601 ISO8601时间戳格式，比如：2016-07-03T00:34:06+08:00
DATESTAMP 完整日期+时间，比如：07-03-2016 00:34:06
HTTPDATE http默认日期格式，比如：03/Jul/2016:00:36:53 +0800
LOGLEVEL 日志等级，比如：Alert、alert、ALERT、Error等

HTTP

URIPROTO URI协议，比如：http、ftp等
URIHOST URI主机，比如：www.stozen.net、10.0.0.1:22等
URIPATH URI路径，比如：//www.stozen.Net/abc/、/api.PHP等
URI 完整的URI，比如：http://www.stozen.net/abc/api.php?a=1&b=2&c=3
URIPARAM URI里的GET参数，比如：?a=1&b=2&c=3
URIPATHPARAM URI路径+GET参数，比如：//www.stozen.net/abc/api.php?a=1&b=2&c=3

posted @ 2022-04-01 14:53 wuyuan2011woaini 阅读(186) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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Logstash—Filter模块-grok

一种将非机构化数据转换为结构化数据

1.grok格式

2.相关参数

3.正则表达式库Oniguruma

4.在线校验

5.例子

6.常用 表达式

主机、ip、路径

字符串、数字

时间日期

HTTP

公告

6.常用表达式