Elasticsearch 入门实战(3)--REST API 使用一(CAT,Index,Document,Ingest,SQL APIs)

本文主要介绍 Elasticsearch REST API 中的 CAT,Index,Document,Ingest APIs,相关的环境及软件信息如下:CentOS 7.6.1810、Elasticsearch 8.13.4。

1、REST API 语法

curl -X <VERB> '<PROTOCOL>://<HOST>:<PORT>/<PATH>?<QUERY_STRING>' -d '<BODY>'

说明:

参数 说明
<VERB> 请求方法,如:GET,POST,PUT,HEAD 或 DELETE
<PROTOCOL> 协议,http 或 https
<HOST> 主机
<PORT> Elasticsearch 服务端口,默认为9200
<PATH> API 端点
<QUERY_STRING> 请求参数
<BODY> JSON 格式的请求体

2、Compact and aligned text (CAT) APIs

JSON 对计算机来说很棒……即使它被格式化输出,尝试在数据中找到关系也是很乏味的。人的眼睛,特别是在查看终端时,需要紧凑而对齐的文本。紧凑和对齐的文本(CAT)API旨在满足这种需求。cat API 是提供给人在 Kibana 控制台或命令行中使用的,不适合应用程序调用。

2.1、列出所有可用的命令

curl -X GET "http://10.49.196.11:9200/_cat"

2.2、命令通用参数

所有命令都接受以下通用参数:

Verbose:对应查询字符串为 v,用于打印头信息
Help:对应查询字符串 help,用于查看可输出的列

2.3、cat count API(查看文档数量)

语法:

GET /_cat/count/<target>
GET /_cat/count

样例:

curl -X GET "http://10.49.196.11:9200/_cat/count?v"        #查看所有文档数量
curl -X GET "http://10.49.196.11:9200/_cat/count/my*?v"    #查看以my开头的索引的文档数量

2.4、cat health API(查看集群健康状况)

语法:

GET /_cat/health

样例:

curl -X GET "http://10.49.196.11:9200/_cat/health?v=true"

2.5、cat nodes API(查看集群节点信息)

语法:

GET /_cat/nodes

样例:

curl -X GET "http://10.49.196.11:9200/_cat/nodes?v"

2.6、cat indices API(查看索引信息)

语法:

GET /_cat/indices/<target>
GET /_cat/indices

样例:

curl -X GET "http://10.49.196.11:9200/_cat/indices?v"

3、Index APIs

3.1、Create index API(创建索引)

语法:

PUT /<index>

样例:同时设置了 setting 和 mapping 信息;setting 里面包含索引的配置信息,mapping 里包含字段设置的详细信息。

curl -X PUT -H 'Content-Type:application/json' 'http://10.49.196.11:9200/poet-index' -d '
{
  "settings": {
    "index": {
      "number_of_shards": 2,
      "number_of_replicas": 1
    }
  },
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "age": {
        "type": "integer"
      },
      "name": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "poems": {
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
        "search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
      },
      "about": {
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
        "search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
      },
      "success": {
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
        "search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
      }
    }
  }
}'

3.2、Delete index API(删除索引)

语法:

DELETE /<index>

样例:

curl -X DELETE 'http://10.49.196.11:9200/poet-index'

3.3、Get index API(查看索引信息)

语法:

GET /<target>

样例:

curl -X GET "http://10.49.196.11:9200/*"
curl -X GET "http://10.49.196.11:9200/_all"
curl -X GET 'http://10.49.196.11:9200/poet-index' #查询单个索引

3.4、Get mapping API(查询 mapping 信息)

语法:

GET /_mapping
GET /<target>/_mapping

样例:

curl -X GET 'http://10.49.196.11:9200/poet-index/_mapping'                #查询所有字段信息
curl -X GET 'http://10.49.196.11:9200/poet-index/_mapping/field/age,name' #查询某些字段信息

3.5、Update mapping API(修改 mapping 信息)

语法:

PUT /<target>/_mapping

样例:

curl -X PUT -H 'Content-Type:application/json' 'http://10.49.196.11:9200/poet-index/_mapping' -d '
{
  "properties": {
    "success": {
      "type": "text",
      "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
      "search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"
    },
    "desc": {
      "type": "text",
      "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
      "search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"
    }
  }
}'

可以新增字段,已有的字段只能修改字段的 search_analyzer 属性。

3.6、Get index settings API(查询 setting 信息)

语法:

GET /<target>/_settings
GET /<target>/_settings/<setting>

样例:

curl -X GET 'http://10.49.196.11:9200/poet-index/_settings'                          #查询所有参数
curl -X GET 'http://10.49.196.11:9200/poet-index/_settings/index.number_of_replicas' #查询单个参数
curl -X GET 'http://10.49.196.11:9200/poet-index/_settings?include_defaults=true'    #返回中包含默认参数信息

3.7、Update index settings API(修改 setting 信息)

语法:

PUT /<target>/_settings

样例:

curl -X PUT -H 'Content-Type:application/json' 'http://10.49.196.11:9200/poet-index/_settings' -d '
  "index" : {
    "number_of_replicas" : 2
  }
'

默认只能更新动态参数,如果需要更新静态参数(只能创建时设置或关闭时更新),需要添加 reopen=true 参数,该参数会先关闭索引然后打开索引;动静态参数各有那些可参考官网文档:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index-modules.html

3.8、Analyze API(查看分词器分词结果)

语法:

GET /_analyze
POST /_analyze
GET /<index>/_analyze
POST /<index>/_analyze

样例:

curl -X GET -H 'Content-Type:application/json' 'http://10.49.196.11:9200/_analyze' -d '
{
  "analyzer" : "ik_max_word",
  "text" : "唐代伟大的现实主义文学作家"
}'

4、Document APIs

4.1、Index API(创建/覆盖文档)

语法:

PUT /<target>/_doc/<_id>
POST /<target>/_doc/
PUT /<target>/_create/<_id>
POST /<target>/_create/<_id>

样例1,没有对应 id 的文档就创建,有就覆盖更新所有字段(相当于先删除再新增)并更新版本号。

curl -X PUT -H 'Content-Type:application/json' 'http://10.49.196.11:9200/poet-index/_doc/1' -d '
{
  "age": 31,
  "name": "李白",
  "poems": "静夜思",
  "about": "字太白"
}'

样例2,不设置 id 将新增,id 将自动生成。

curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' 'http://10.49.196.11:9200/poet-index/_doc' -d '
{
  "age": 31,
  "name": "杜甫",
  "poems": "登高",
  "about": "字子美",
  "success": "唐代伟大的现实主义文学作家,唐诗思想艺术的集大成者"
}'

样例3,新增文档,需要设置 id。

curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' 'http://10.49.196.11:9200/poet-index/_create/1' -d '
{
  "age": 30,
  "name": "李白",
  "poems": "静夜思",
  "about": "字太白",
  "success": "创造了古代浪漫主义文学高峰、歌行体和七绝达到后人难及的高度"
}'

4.2、Delete API(删除文档)

语法:

DELETE /<index>/_doc/<_id>

样例:

curl -X DELETE 'http://10.49.196.11:9200/poet-index/_doc/1'

4.3、Get API(根据 id 查询文档)

语法:

GET <index>/_doc/<_id>
HEAD <index>/_doc/<_id>
GET <index>/_source/<_id>
HEAD <index>/_source/<_id>

样例:

curl -X GET 'http://10.49.196.11:9200/poet-index/_doc/1'

4.4、Update API(修改文档)

只更新明确设置的字段。

语法:

POST /<index>/_update/<_id>

样例:

curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' 'http://10.49.196.11:9200/poet-index/_update/100?docAsUpsert=true' -d '
{
  "doc": {
    "age": 32,
    "poems": "望庐山瀑布"
  },
  "doc_as_upsert": false
}'

doc_as_upsert 设置为 true 时,文档不存在时将插入。

4.5、Bulk API(批量操作)

语法:

POST /_bulk
POST /<target>/_bulk

样例:

curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' 'http://10.49.196.11:9200/_bulk' -d '
{"create":{"_index": "poet-index", "_id": "333"}}    #新增操作
{"age": 30, "name": "杜甫11", "poems": "登高","about": "字子美","success": "唐代伟大的现实主义文学作家,唐诗思想艺术的集大成者"}
{"update": {"_index": "poet-index", "_id": "11"}}    #修改操作
{"doc": {"age": 38}}
{"index":{"_index": "poet-index", "_id": "22"}}      #新增或覆盖操作
{"age": 30, "name": "杜甫12", "poems": "登高", "about": "字子美", "success": "唐代伟大的现实主义文学作家,唐诗思想艺术的集大成者"}
{"delete": {"_index": "poet-index", "_id": "12"}}    #删除操作

'

注:最后的空行是需要的,否则会报错。

4.6、Delete by query API(查询删除)

根据查询结果删除数据。

语法:

POST /<target>/_delete_by_query

样例:

curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' 'http://10.49.196.11:9200/poet-index/_delete_by_query' -d '
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "name": {
        "value": "李白"
      }
    }
  }
}'

4.7、Update By Query API(查询更新)

根据查询结果更新数据,如果不指定查询条件将更新所有数据。

语法:

POST /<target>/_update_by_query

样例:

curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' 'http://10.49.196.11:9200/poet-index/_update_by_query' -d '
{
  "script": {
    "source": "ctx._source.age=66" 
  },
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "name": {
        "value": "杜甫"
      }
    }
  }
}'

5、Ingest APIs

5.1、Create or update pipeline API(创建或修改管道)

语法:

PUT /_ingest/pipeline/<pipeline>

样例:

curl -X PUT -H 'Content-Type:application/json' 'http://10.49.196.11:9200/_ingest/pipeline/my-pipeline' -d '
{
  "description" : "My optional pipeline description",
  "processors" : [{
    "set": {
      "field": "test-field",
      "value": "test-value"
    }
  }]
}'

5.2、Delete pipeline API(删除管道)

语法:

DELETE /_ingest/pipeline/<pipeline>

样例:

curl -X DELETE 'http://10.49.196.11:9200/_ingest/pipeline/my-pipeline'

5.3、Simulate pipeline API(模拟管道处理)

语法:

POST /_ingest/pipeline/<pipeline>/_simulate
GET /_ingest/pipeline/<pipeline>/_simulate
POST /_ingest/pipeline/_simulate
GET /_ingest/pipeline/_simulate

样例1,模拟已定义的管道:

curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' 'http://10.49.196.11:9200/_ingest/pipeline/my-pipeline/_simulate' -d '
{
  "docs": [{
    "_index": "my-index",
    "_id": "123",
    "_source": {
      "test-field": "aa"
    }
  }]
}'

样例2,管道定义在请求体里:

curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' 'http://10.49.196.11:9200/_ingest/pipeline/_simulate' -d '
{
  "pipeline": {
    "description": "My optional pipeline description",
    "processors": [{
      "set": {
        "field": "test-field",
        "value": "test-value"
      }
    }]
  },
  "docs": [{
    "_index": "my-index",
    "_id": "123",
    "_source": {
      "test-field": "aa"
    }
  }]
}'

6、SQL APIs

6.1、SQL search API(SQL) 查询

语法:

GET _sql
POST _sql

例子:

curl -X GET -H 'Content-Type:application/json' 'http://10.1.101.64:9200/_sql' -d '
{
  "query": "SELECT * FROM \"poet-index\" WHERE name=? limit 3",
  "params": ["杜甫"]
}'

 

 

详细的 Elasticsearch REST API 使用说明,请参考官网文档:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/rest-apis.html。

posted @ 2022-07-09 11:42  且行且码  阅读(1020)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报