Go反射编程
go 语言每个对象都包含两个部分:类型和值。go 语言的反射也会返回类型和值
reflect.TypeOf 和 reflect.ValueOf
- reflect.TypeOf 返回类型(reflect.Type)
- reflect.ValueOf 返回值(reflect.Value)
- 可以从 reflect.ValueOf(f).Type() 获得类型
- 通过 kind 的来判断类型
package reflect_learn
import (
"fmt"
"reflect"
"testing"
)
// 获取类型和值
func TestTypeAndValue(t *testing.T) {
var f int64 = 10
t.Log(reflect.TypeOf(f), reflect.ValueOf(f))
t.Log(reflect.ValueOf(f).Type())
}
// 类型检测
func CheckType(v interface{}) {
t := reflect.TypeOf(v)
switch t.Kind() {
case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
fmt.Println("Float")
case reflect.Int, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
fmt.Println("Integer")
default:
fmt.Println("Unknown", t)
}
}
// 类型检测测试
func TestBasicType(t *testing.T) {
var f float64 = 12
CheckType(f)
CheckType(&f)
}
反射普遍用途
通过字符串的方式操作成员和方法
package reflect_learn
import (
"fmt"
"reflect"
"testing"
)
type Employee struct {
EmployeeID string
Name string `format:"name"`
Age int
}
func (e *Employee) UpdateAge(newVal int) {
e.Age = newVal
}
type Customer struct {
CookieID string
Name string
Age int
}
func TestInvokeByName(t *testing.T) {
e := &Employee{"1", "Mike", 30}
// 通过字符串获取成员
t.Logf("Name: value(%[1]v), Type(%[1]T)", reflect.ValueOf(*e).FieldByName("Name"))
if nameField, ok := reflect.TypeOf(*e).FieldByName("Name"); !ok {
t.Error("Failed to get 'Name' field.")
} else {
t.Log("Tag:format", nameField.Tag.Get("format"))
}
// 通过字符串获取方法并调用
// Call 中的参数为 []reflect.Value{}
// 需要把 int 转为 reflect.Value 类型: reflect.ValueOf(18)
// 再将上一步的结果放入切片 []reflect.Value{} 中
reflect.ValueOf(e).MethodByName("UpdateAge").Call([]reflect.Value{reflect.ValueOf(18)})
t.Log("Updated Age:", e)
}
reflect.DeepEqual
可以用来做 slice 和 map 的比较
package reflect_learn
import (
"fmt"
"reflect"
"testing"
)
type Customer struct {
CookieID string
Name string
Age int
}
func TestDeepEqual(t *testing.T) {
a := map[int]string{1: "one", 2: "two", 3: "three"}
b := map[int]string{1: "one", 2: "two", 4: "three"}
//fmt.Println(a == b)
fmt.Println(reflect.DeepEqual(a, b))
s1 := []int{1, 2, 3}
s2 := []int{1, 2, 3}
s3 := []int{2, 3, 1}
t.Log("s1 == s2?", reflect.DeepEqual(s1, s2))
t.Log("s1 == s3?", reflect.DeepEqual(s1, s3))
c1 := Customer{"1", "Mike", 40}
c2 := Customer{"1", "Mike", 40}
fmt.Println(c1 == c2)
fmt.Println(reflect.DeepEqual(c1, c2))
}
万能程序
package reflect_learn
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
"reflect"
"testing"
)
type Employee struct {
EmployeeID string
Name string `format:"name"`
Age int
}
type Customer struct {
CookieID string
Name string
Age int
}
func fillBySettings(st interface{}, settings map[string]interface{}) error {
// func (v Value) Elem() Value
// Elem returns the value that the interface v contains or that the pointer
// It panics if v's Kind is not Interface or Ptr.
// It returns the zero Value if v is nil.
if reflect.TypeOf(st).Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
// Elem() 获取指针指向的值
if reflect.TypeOf(st).Elem().Kind() != reflect.Struct {
return errors.New("the first param should be a pointer to the struct type")
}
}
if settings == nil {
return errors.New("settings is nil")
}
var (
field reflect.StructField
ok bool
)
for k, v := range settings {
if field, ok = reflect.ValueOf(st).Elem().Type().FieldByName(k); !ok {
continue
}
if field.Type == reflect.TypeOf(v) {
vstr := reflect.ValueOf(st)
vstr = vstr.Elem()
vstr.FieldByName(k).Set(reflect.ValueOf(v))
}
}
return nil
}
func TestFillNameAndAge(t *testing.T) {
settings := map[string]interface{}{"Name": "Jake", "Age": 40}
e := Employee{}
// 传入 *Employee 类型
if err := fillBySettings(&e, settings); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
t.Log(e)
c := new(Customer)
// 传入 *Customer 类型
if err := fillBySettings(c, settings); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
t.Log(*c)
}