Mysql数据库的JDBC查询实例

  之前我们使用JDBC操作过Oracle数据库(参见Oracle数据库的JDBC查询实例),这次我们来操作一下Mysql,使用Statement对象的子类PreparedStatement:

  1、在pom.xml中引入mysql依赖jar包:

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.16</version>
        </dependency>

  2、再调用JDBC的API跟Mysql数据库交互:

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class Test {
    private static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"; // 数据库驱动的具体实现类

    // 数据库链接
    private static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&serverTimezone=UTC";

    private static final String USER = "root"; // 数据库用户名

    private static final String PASSWORD = "Wlf12345!"; // 数据库密码

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String sql = "select NAME from test_wlf where id = ?";
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        try {
            Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER); // 0、注册mysql数据库驱动程序,由具体实现类的静态方法调用DriverManager.registerDriver
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASSWORD); // 1、获取数据库链接对象
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql); // 2、获取PreparedStatement对象
            ps.setInt(1, 2); // 给第一个?问号(参数下标,这里只有一个参数)填值,我们取id为2的name值
            ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery(); // 3、执行SQL
            while (rs.next()) {
                String paramName = rs.getString("NAME");
                System.out.println("NAME: " + paramName);
            }
            rs.close();
        } catch (SQLException se) {
            se.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (ps != null) {
                    conn.close();
                }
            } catch (SQLException se) {
            }
            try {
                if (conn != null) {
                    conn.close();
                }
            } catch (SQLException se) {
                se.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }

  运行结果:

Loading class `com.mysql.jdbc.Driver'. This is deprecated. The new driver class is `com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver'. The driver is automatically registered via the SPI and manual loading of the driver class is generally unnecessary.
NAME: lulu

  我们的数据库表里数据如下:

E:\BaiduNetdiskDownload>mysql -uroot -pWlf12345!
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 5.7.26-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> desc test_wlf;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(25) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> select * from t_test_wlf;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'test.t_test_wlf' doesn't exist
mysql> select * from test_wlf;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | wulf |
|    2 | lulu |
+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

  我们拿Mysql的代码跟之前Oracle比较一番,除了数据库驱动类、数据库链接URL这些之外,就是使用了PreparedStatement。PreparedStatement 接口扩展了 Statement,添加了为语句中包含的参数标记设置值的功能。参数标记(由SQL字符串中的“?”表示)用于指定语句的输入值,这些值可能在运行时发生变化。

  PreparedStatement 接口定义 setter 方法,这些方法用于替换预编译 SQL 字符串中每个参数标记的值。如上面例子中setInt方法,第一个参数始终是一个 int,等于要设置的参数标记的序号位置,从1开始(第一个参数标记是id)。第二个参数指定要分配的参数的具体值(id=2)。

  如果对JDBC的数据库驱动注册过程感兴趣,比如我们配置的com.mysql.jdbc.Driver是个什么东东,Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER)有什么用?这些问题可以参见JDBC的驱动注册浅析

  

posted on 2020-12-09 17:53  不想下火车的人  阅读(724)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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