第7章 PCA与梯度上升法
主成分分析法:主要作用是降维
疑似右侧比较好?
第三种降维方式:
问题:?????
方差:描述样本整体分布的疏密的指标,方差越大,样本之间越稀疏;越小,越密集
第一步:
总结:
问题:????怎样使其最大
变换后:
最后的问题:????
注意区别于线性回归
使用梯度上升法解决PCA问题:
import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from sklearn import datasets digits = datasets.load_digits() # 手写识别数据 X = digits.data y = digits.target from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, random_state=666) # 使用K近邻 from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier knn_clf=KNeighborsClassifier() knn_clf.fit(X_train,y_train) a1=knn_clf.score(X_test,y_test) # print(a1) # 使用PCA from sklearn.decomposition import PCA pca=PCA(n_components=2) pca.fit(X_train) X_train_reduction=pca.transform(X_train) X_test_reduction=pca.transform(X_test) knn_clf=KNeighborsClassifier() knn_clf.fit(X_train_reduction,y_train) a2=knn_clf.score(X_test_reduction,y_test) # print(a2) # print(pca.explained_variance_ratio_) pca=PCA(n_components=X_train.shape[1]) pca.fit(X_train) # print(pca.explained_variance_ratio_) plt.plot([i for i in range(X_train.shape[1])], [np.sum(pca.explained_variance_ratio_[:i+1]) for i in range(X_train.shape[1])]) # plt.show() pca1=PCA(0.95) # 能解释95%以上的方差 pca1.fit(X_train) print(pca.n_components_) from sklearn.decomposition import PCA pca=PCA(0.95) pca.fit(X_train) X_train_reduction=pca.transform(X_train) X_test_reduction=pca.transform(X_test) knn_clf=KNeighborsClassifier() knn_clf.fit(X_train_reduction,y_train) a3=knn_clf.score(X_test_reduction,y_test) print(a3) pca=PCA(n_components=2) pca.fit(X) X_reduction=pca.transform(X) for i in range(10): plt.scatter(X_reduction[y==i,0],X_reduction[y==i,1],alpha=0.8) plt.show()