运输层协议----UDP
import java.io.IOException; import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; import java.net.InetAddress; class UDPClient { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { // 构造数据报套接字并将其绑定到本地主机上任何可用的端口 DatagramSocket client = new DatagramSocket(); // 在给定主机名的情况下确定主机的 IP 地址 InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); int port = 10021; for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { String sendStr = "Hello! I'm Client" + i; byte[] sendBuf = sendStr.getBytes(); // 构造数据报包,用来将长度为 length 的包发送到指定主机上的指定端口号。length 参数必须小于等于 buf.length。 // buf - 包数据 length - 包长度 address - 目的地址 port - 目的端口号 DatagramPacket sendPacket = new DatagramPacket(sendBuf, sendBuf.length, addr, port); // 从此套接字发送数据报包。DatagramPacket 包含的信息指示:将要发送的数据、其长度、远程主机的 IP // 地址和远程主机的端口号。 client.send(sendPacket); byte[] recvBuf = new byte[100]; // 构造 DatagramPacket,用来接收长度为 length 的数据包。 length 参数必须小于等于 // buf.length。 DatagramPacket recvPacket = new DatagramPacket(recvBuf, recvBuf.length); // 从此套接字接收数据报包。 client.receive(recvPacket); String recvStr = new String(recvPacket.getData(), 0, recvPacket.getLength()); System.out.println("recvMsg =" + recvStr +"; remotePort =" + recvPacket.getPort()); } client.close(); } }
import java.io.IOException; import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; import java.net.InetAddress; class UDPServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { DatagramSocket server = new DatagramSocket(10021); byte[] recvBuf = new byte[100]; for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { DatagramPacket recvPacket = new DatagramPacket(recvBuf, recvBuf.length); server.receive(recvPacket); String recvStr = new String(recvPacket.getData(), 0, recvPacket.getLength()); int port = recvPacket.getPort(); System.out.println("reveMsg = "+ recvStr + "; remote port =" + port); InetAddress addr = recvPacket.getAddress(); String sendStr = "Hello ! I'm Server" + i; byte[] sendBuf = sendStr.getBytes(); DatagramPacket sendPacket = new DatagramPacket(sendBuf, sendBuf.length, addr, port); server.send(sendPacket); } server.close(); } }
client端输出:
recvMsg =Hello ! I'm Server0; remotePort =10021
recvMsg =Hello ! I'm Server1; remotePort =10021
recvMsg =Hello ! I'm Server2; remotePort =10021
recvMsg =Hello ! I'm Server3; remotePort =10021
recvMsg =Hello ! I'm Server4; remotePort =10021
server端输出:
reveMsg = Hello! I'm Client0; remote port =61226
reveMsg = Hello! I'm Client1; remote port =61226
reveMsg = Hello! I'm Client2; remote port =61226
reveMsg = Hello! I'm Client3; remote port =61226
reveMsg = Hello! I'm Client4; remote port =61226
UDP运输层协议:
(1)UDP是一种无连接的服务,即在两个进程间没有创建管道时的初始握手阶段。
(2)因为UDP没有管道,所以当一个进程需要向另一个进程发送一批字节时,该发送进程需要为这批字节附上目的进程地址(IP和port),并且,该过程对于每批由发送进程所发送的字节都必须重复做,见循环中五次发送UDP报文的操作。
由于UDP当中没有流与套接字相关联,事实上UDP也不是将字节送入与Socket相关的流,而是将一个个分组通过DataGramSocket对象直接发送出去。
而在TCP运输层协议中:
(1)TCP在客户机进程和服务机进程之间提供了可靠的字节流服务,一旦建立连接,两端就可以通过与Socket对象相关联的输入输出流来进行数据交互,而不用像UDP那样每次都要通过DataGramSocket对象指明远端IP和port来发送和接收
import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.InetAddress; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.net.Socket; class TCPClient { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { // 构造数据报套接字并将其绑定到本地主机上任何可用的端口 Socket client = new Socket(); // 在给定主机名的情况下确定主机的 IP 地址 InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); int port = 10021; client.connect(new InetSocketAddress(addr, port)); OutputStream output = client.getOutputStream(); InputStream input = client.getInputStream(); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { String sendStr = "Hello! I'm Client" + i; output.write(sendStr.getBytes()); byte[] recvBuf = new byte[100]; int length = input.read(recvBuf); String str = new String(recvBuf); System.out.println("recvMsg =" + str.substring(0,length)); } client.close(); } }
import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; class TCPServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(10021); Socket socket = server.accept(); OutputStream output = socket.getOutputStream(); InputStream input = socket.getInputStream(); byte[] recvBuf = new byte[100]; for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { int len = input.read(recvBuf); String str = new String(recvBuf); System.out.println("reveMsg = "+ str.substring(0,len) + "; remote port =" + socket.getRemoteSocketAddress()); String sendStr = "Hello ! I'm Server" + i; output.write(sendStr.getBytes()); } server.close(); } }
client端输出:
recvMsg =Hello ! I'm Server0
recvMsg =Hello ! I'm Server1
recvMsg =Hello ! I'm Server2
recvMsg =Hello ! I'm Server3
recvMsg =Hello ! I'm Server4
server端输出:
reveMsg = Hello! I'm Client0; remote port =/127.0.0.1:54233
reveMsg = Hello! I'm Client1; remote port =/127.0.0.1:54233
reveMsg = Hello! I'm Client2; remote port =/127.0.0.1:54233
reveMsg = Hello! I'm Client3; remote port =/127.0.0.1:54233
reveMsg = Hello! I'm Client4; remote port =/127.0.0.1:54233
这个情景不具有现实意义,当发送数据较大较快的时候,服务端的TCP连接是无法区分数据怎么分离的
这个设定是buffer足够大,client端发送不够快 如果将buffer设置为2