实验4 类的组合、继承、模板类、标准库
实验任务2:
task2.cpp源码:
1 #include "GradeCalc.hpp" 2 #include <iomanip> 3 4 void test() { 5 int n; 6 cout << "输入班级人数: "; 7 cin >> n; 8 9 GradeCalc c1("OOP", n); 10 11 cout << "录入成绩: " << endl;; 12 c1.input(); 13 cout << "输出成绩: " << endl; 14 c1.output(); 15 16 cout << string(20, '*') + "课程成绩信息" + string(20, '*') << endl; 17 c1.info(); 18 } 19 20 int main() { 21 test(); 22 }
GradeCalc.hpp源码:
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <vector> 3 #include <string> 4 #include <algorithm> 5 #include <numeric> 6 #include <iomanip> 7 8 using std::vector; 9 using std::string; 10 using std::cin; 11 using std::cout; 12 using std::endl; 13 14 class GradeCalc: public vector<int> { 15 public: 16 GradeCalc(const string &cname, int size); 17 void input(); // 录入成绩 18 void output() const; // 输出成绩 19 void sort(bool ascending = false); // 排序 (默认降序) 20 int min() const; // 返回最低分 21 int max() const; // 返回最高分 22 float average() const; // 返回平均分 23 void info(); // 输出课程成绩信息 24 25 private: 26 void compute(); // 成绩统计 27 28 private: 29 string course_name; // 课程名 30 int n; // 课程人数 31 vector<int> counts = vector<int>(5, 0); // 保存各分数段人数([0, 60), [60, 70), [70, 80), [80, 90), [90, 100] 32 vector<double> rates = vector<double>(5, 0); // 保存各分数段比例 33 }; 34 35 GradeCalc::GradeCalc(const string &cname, int size): course_name{cname}, n{size} {} 36 37 void GradeCalc::input() { 38 int grade; 39 40 for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { 41 cin >> grade; 42 this->push_back(grade); 43 } 44 } 45 46 void GradeCalc::output() const { 47 for(auto ptr = this->begin(); ptr != this->end(); ++ptr) 48 cout << *ptr << " "; 49 cout << endl; 50 } 51 52 void GradeCalc::sort(bool ascending) { 53 if(ascending) 54 std::sort(this->begin(), this->end()); 55 else 56 std::sort(this->begin(), this->end(), std::greater<int>()); 57 } 58 59 int GradeCalc::min() const { 60 return *std::min_element(this->begin(), this->end()); 61 } 62 63 int GradeCalc::max() const { 64 return *std::max_element(this->begin(), this->end()); 65 } 66 67 float GradeCalc::average() const { 68 return std::accumulate(this->begin(), this->end(), 0) * 1.0 / n; 69 } 70 71 void GradeCalc::compute() { 72 for(int grade: *this) { 73 if(grade < 60) 74 counts.at(0)++; 75 else if(grade >= 60 && grade < 70) 76 counts.at(1)++; 77 else if(grade >= 70 && grade < 80) 78 counts.at(2)++; 79 else if(grade >= 80 && grade < 90) 80 counts.at(3)++; 81 else if(grade >= 90) 82 counts.at(4)++; 83 } 84 85 for(int i = 0; i < rates.size(); ++i) 86 rates.at(i) = counts.at(i) * 1.0 / n; 87 } 88 89 void GradeCalc::info() { 90 cout << "课程名称:\t" << course_name << endl; 91 cout << "排序后成绩: \t"; 92 sort(); output(); 93 cout << "最高分:\t" << max() << endl; 94 cout << "最低分:\t" << min() << endl; 95 cout << "平均分:\t" << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << average() << endl; 96 97 compute(); // 统计各分数段人数、比例 98 99 vector<string> tmp{"[0, 60) ", "[60, 70)", "[70, 80)","[80, 90)", "[90, 100]"}; 100 for(int i = tmp.size()-1; i >= 0; --i) 101 cout << tmp[i] << "\t: " << counts[i] << "人\t" 102 << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << rates[i]*100 << "%" << endl; 103 }
运行测试结果:
问题1:
成绩存储在vector<int>中;
通过this指针的方式完成对类中对象的访问;
通过push_back()接口实现。
问题2:
功能是求平均值;
有影响;
将int型的数据转换成float型。
问题3:
未对输入数据的合理性进行检查或限制。
实验任务3:
task3.cpp源码:
1 #include "GradeCalc.hpp" 2 #include <iomanip> 3 4 void test() { 5 int n; 6 cout << "输入班级人数: "; 7 cin >> n; 8 9 GradeCalc c1("OOP", n); 10 11 cout << "录入成绩: " << endl;; 12 c1.input(); 13 cout << "输出成绩: " << endl; 14 c1.output(); 15 16 cout << string(20, '*') + "课程成绩信息" + string(20, '*') << endl; 17 c1.info(); 18 } 19 20 int main() { 21 test(); 22 }
GradeCalc.hpp源码:
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <vector> 3 #include <string> 4 #include <algorithm> 5 #include <numeric> 6 #include <iomanip> 7 8 using std::vector; 9 using std::string; 10 using std::cin; 11 using std::cout; 12 using std::endl; 13 14 class GradeCalc { 15 public: 16 GradeCalc(const string &cname, int size); 17 void input(); // 录入成绩 18 void output() const; // 输出成绩 19 void sort(bool ascending = false); // 排序 (默认降序) 20 int min() const; // 返回最低分 21 int max() const; // 返回最高分 22 float average() const; // 返回平均分 23 void info(); // 输出课程成绩信息 24 25 private: 26 void compute(); // 成绩统计 27 28 private: 29 string course_name; // 课程名 30 int n; // 课程人数 31 vector<int> grades; // 课程成绩 32 vector<int> counts = vector<int>(5, 0); // 保存各分数段人数([0, 60), [60, 70), [70, 80), [80, 90), [90, 100] 33 vector<double> rates = vector<double>(5, 0); // 保存各分数段比例 34 }; 35 36 GradeCalc::GradeCalc(const string &cname, int size): course_name{cname}, n{size} {} 37 38 void GradeCalc::input() { 39 int grade; 40 41 for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { 42 cin >> grade; 43 grades.push_back(grade); 44 } 45 } 46 47 void GradeCalc::output() const { 48 for(int grade: grades) 49 cout << grade << " "; 50 cout << endl; 51 } 52 53 void GradeCalc::sort(bool ascending) { 54 if(ascending) 55 std::sort(grades.begin(), grades.end()); 56 else 57 std::sort(grades.begin(), grades.end(), std::greater<int>()); 58 59 } 60 61 int GradeCalc::min() const { 62 return *std::min_element(grades.begin(), grades.end()); 63 } 64 65 int GradeCalc::max() const { 66 return *std::max_element(grades.begin(), grades.end()); 67 } 68 69 float GradeCalc::average() const { 70 return std::accumulate(grades.begin(), grades.end(), 0) * 1.0 / n; 71 } 72 73 void GradeCalc::compute() { 74 for(int grade: grades) { 75 if(grade < 60) 76 counts.at(0)++; 77 else if(grade >= 60 && grade < 70) 78 counts.at(1)++; 79 else if(grade >= 70 && grade < 80) 80 counts.at(2)++; 81 else if(grade >= 80 && grade < 90) 82 counts.at(3)++; 83 else if(grade >= 90) 84 counts.at(4)++; 85 } 86 87 for(int i = 0; i < rates.size(); ++i) 88 rates.at(i) = counts.at(i) *1.0 / n; 89 } 90 91 void GradeCalc::info() { 92 cout << "课程名称:\t" << course_name << endl; 93 cout << "排序后成绩: \t"; 94 sort(); output(); 95 cout << "最高分:\t" << max() << endl; 96 cout << "最低分:\t" << min() << endl; 97 cout << "平均分:\t" << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << average() << endl; 98 99 compute(); // 统计各分数段人数、比例 100 101 vector<string> tmp{"[0, 60) ", "[60, 70)", "[70, 80)","[80, 90)", "[90, 100]"}; 102 for(int i = tmp.size()-1; i >= 0; --i) 103 cout << tmp[i] << "\t: " << counts[i] << "人\t" 104 << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << rates[i]*100 << "%" << endl; 105 }
运行测试结果:
问题1:
成绩存储在vector<int>中;
直接使用grades里的接口访问。
问题2:
在设计接口时,可以采用不同的方式完成。
实验任务4:
task4_1.cpp源码:
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <limits> 4 5 using namespace std; 6 7 void test1() { 8 string s1, s2; 9 cin >> s1 >> s2; // cin: 从输入流读取字符串, 碰到空白符(空格/回车/Tab)即结束 10 cout << "s1: " << s1 << endl; 11 cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl; 12 } 13 14 void test2() { 15 string s1, s2; 16 getline(cin, s1); // getline(): 从输入流中提取字符串,直到遇到换行符 17 getline(cin, s2); 18 cout << "s1: " << s1 << endl; 19 cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl; 20 } 21 22 void test3() { 23 string s1, s2; 24 getline(cin, s1, ' '); //从输入流中提取字符串,直到遇到指定分隔符 25 getline(cin, s2); 26 cout << "s1: " << s1 << endl; 27 cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl; 28 } 29 30 int main() { 31 cout << "测试1: 使用标准输入流对象cin输入字符串" << endl; 32 test1(); 33 cout << endl; 34 35 cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n'); 36 37 cout << "测试2: 使用函数getline()输入字符串" << endl; 38 test2(); 39 cout << endl; 40 41 cout << "测试3: 使用函数getline()输入字符串, 指定字符串分隔符" << endl; 42 test3(); 43 }
运行结果:
task4_2.cpp源码:
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <vector> 4 #include <limits> 5 6 using namespace std; 7 8 void output(const vector<string> &v) { 9 for(auto &s: v) 10 cout << s << endl; 11 } 12 13 void test() { 14 int n; 15 while(cout << "Enter n: ", cin >> n) { 16 vector<string> v1; 17 18 for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { 19 string s; 20 cin >> s; 21 v1.push_back(s); 22 } 23 24 cout << "output v1: " << endl; 25 output(v1); 26 cout << endl; 27 } 28 } 29 30 int main() { 31 cout << "测试: 使用cin多组输入字符串" << endl; 32 test(); 33 }
运行结果:
task4_3.cpp源码:
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <vector> 4 #include <limits> 5 6 using namespace std; 7 8 void output(const vector<string> &v) { 9 for(auto &s: v) 10 cout << s << endl; 11 } 12 13 void test() { 14 int n; 15 while(cout << "Enter n: ", cin >> n) { 16 cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n'); 17 18 vector<string> v2; 19 20 for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { 21 string s; 22 getline(cin, s); 23 v2.push_back(s); 24 } 25 cout << "output v2: " << endl; 26 output(v2); 27 cout << endl; 28 } 29 } 30 31 int main() { 32 cout << "测试: 使用函数getline()多组输入字符串" << endl; 33 test(); 34 }
运行结果:
问题1:
去掉line35后的结果:
用途是:跳过一定数量的字符,直到遇到分隔字符。
问题2:
去掉line16后的结果:
用途是:从输入缓冲区中提取并丢弃指定数量的字符。
实验任务5:
task5.cpp源码:
1 #include "grm.hpp" 2 #include <iostream> 3 4 using std::cout; 5 using std::endl; 6 7 void test1() { 8 GameResourceManager<float> HP_manager(99.99); 9 cout << "当前生命值: " << HP_manager.get() << endl; 10 HP_manager.update(9.99); 11 cout << "增加9.99生命值后, 当前生命值: " << HP_manager.get() << endl; 12 HP_manager.update(-999.99); 13 cout << "减少999.99生命值后, 当前生命值: " << HP_manager.get() << endl; 14 } 15 16 void test2() { 17 GameResourceManager<int> Gold_manager(100); 18 cout << "当前金币数量: " << Gold_manager.get() << endl; 19 Gold_manager.update(50); 20 cout << "增加50个金币后, 当前金币数量: " << Gold_manager.get() << endl; 21 Gold_manager.update(-99); 22 cout << "减少99个金币后, 当前金币数量: " << Gold_manager.get() << endl; 23 } 24 25 26 int main() { 27 cout << "测试1: 用float类型对类模板GameResourceManager实例化" << endl; 28 test1(); 29 cout << endl; 30 31 cout << "测试2: 用int类型对类模板GameResourceManager实例化" << endl; 32 test2(); 33 }
grm.hpp源码:
1 #pragma once 2 #include <iostream> 3 using namespace std; 4 5 template<typename T> 6 class GameResourceManager { 7 public: 8 GameResourceManager(T resource) : resource(resource) {} 9 T get() const { return resource; } 10 T update(T newResource) { 11 resource += newResource; 12 if (resource < 0) resource = 0; 13 return resource; 14 } 15 private: 16 T resource; 17 };
运行结果:
实验任务6:
task6.cpp源码:
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <vector> 3 #include "info.hpp" 4 5 using namespace std; 6 7 int main() { 8 string nickname, contact, city, choice; 9 int n, temp = 0; 10 const int capacity = 100; 11 vector<info> audience_lst; 12 13 cout << "录入用户预约信息:" << endl; 14 cout << "昵称 联系方式(邮箱/手机号) 所在城市 预定参加人数" << endl; 15 while (cin >> nickname >> contact >> city >> n) 16 { 17 temp += n; 18 if (temp > capacity) { 19 temp -= n; 20 cout << "对不起,只剩" << 100 - temp << "个位置." << endl; 21 cout << "1.输入u,更新(update)预定信息." << endl; 22 cout << "2.输入q,退出预定." << endl; 23 cout << "你的选择: "; 24 cin >> choice; 25 if (choice == "u") { 26 cout << "请重新输入预定信息:" << endl; 27 cin >> nickname >> contact >> city >> n; 28 temp += n; 29 } 30 else if (choice == "q") { 31 break; 32 } 33 } 34 info new_info(nickname, contact, city, n); 35 audience_lst.push_back(new_info); 36 if (temp == capacity) { 37 break; 38 } 39 } 40 cout << endl; 41 cout << "截至目前,一共有" << temp << "位听众预约。预约听众信息如下:" << endl; 42 cout << "------------------------------------------------------" << endl; 43 for (int i = 0; i < audience_lst.size(); i++) { 44 audience_lst[i].display(); 45 cout << "------------------------------------------------------" << endl; 46 } 47 }
info.hpp源码:
1 #pragma once 2 #include <iostream> 3 #include <string> 4 using namespace std; 5 6 class info { 7 private: 8 string nickname; 9 string contact; 10 string city; 11 int n; 12 public: 13 info(string nickname, string contact, string city, int n) : nickname(nickname), contact(contact), city(city), n(n) {} 14 void display() const{ 15 cout << "昵称: " << nickname << endl; 16 cout << "联系方式: " << contact << endl; 17 cout << "所在城市: " << city << endl; 18 cout << "预定人数:" << n << endl; 19 } 20 };
运行结果:
实验任务7:
date.h源码:
#pragma once #ifndef DATE H #define DATE H class Date { private: int year; int month; int day; int totalDays; public: Date(int year, int month, int day); int getYear()const { return year; } int getMonth()const { return month; } int getDay()const { return day; } int getMaxDay()const; bool isLeapYear()const { return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0; } void show()const; int distance(const Date& date)const { return totalDays - date.totalDays; } }; #endif// DATE H
date.cpp源码:
#include"date.h" #include<iostream> #include<cstdlib> using namespace std; namespace { const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,334,365 }; } Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) :year{ year }, month{ month }, day{ day } { if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) { cout << "Invalid date:"; show(); cout << endl; exit(1); } int years = year - 1; totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day; if (isLeapYear() && month > 2)totalDays++; } int Date::getMaxDay()const { if (isLeapYear() && month == 2) return 29; else return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1]; } void Date::show()const { cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay(); }
accumulator.h源码:
#pragma once #ifndef ACCUMULATOR H #define ACCUMULATOR H #include"date.h" class Accumulator { private: Date lastDate; double value; double sum; public: Accumulator(const Date& date, double value) :lastDate(date), value(value), sum{ 0 } { } double getSum(const Date& date)const { return sum + value * date.distance(lastDate); } void change(const Date& date, double value) { sum = getSum(date); lastDate = date; this->value = value; } void reset(const Date& date, double value) { lastDate = date; this->value = value; sum = 0; } }; #endif//ACCUMULATOR H
account.h源码:
#pragma once #ifndef ACCOUNT H #define ACCOUNT H #include"date.h" #include"accumulator.h" #include<string> class Account { private: std::string id; double balance; static double total; protected: Account(const Date& date, const std::string& id); void record(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc); void error(const std::string& msg)const; public: const std::string& getId()const { return id; } double getBalance()const { return balance; } static double getTotal() { return total; } void show()const; }; class SavingsAccount :public Account { private: Accumulator acc; double rate; public: SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const std::string& id, double rate); double getRate()const { return rate; } void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc); void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc); void settle(const Date& date); }; class CreditAccount :public Account { private: Accumulator acc; double credit; double rate; double fee; double getDebt()const { double balance = getBalance(); return (balance < 0 ? balance : 0); } public: CreditAccount(const Date& date, const std::string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee); double getCredit()const { return credit; } double getRate()const { return rate; } double getAvailableCredit()const { if (getBalance() < 0) return credit + getBalance(); else return credit; } void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc); void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc); void settle(const Date& date); void show()const; }; #endif//ACCOUNT H
account.cpp源码:
#include"account.h" #include<cmath> #include<iostream> using namespace std; double Account::total = 0; Account::Account(const Date& date, const string& id) :id{ id }, balance{ 0 } { date.show(); cout << "\t#" << id << "created" << endl; } void Account::record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) { amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100; balance += amount; total += amount; date.show(); cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl; } void Account::show()const { cout << id << "\tBalance:" << balance; } void Account::error(const string& msg)const { cout << "Error(#" << id << "):" << msg << endl; } SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate) :Account(date, id), rate(rate), acc(date, 0) {} void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) { record(date, amount, desc); acc.change(date, getBalance()); } void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) { if (amount > getBalance()) { error("not enough money"); } else { record(date, -amount, desc); acc.change(date, getBalance()); } } void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date& date) { double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate / date.distance(Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1)); if (interest != 0)record(date, interest, "interest"); acc.reset(date, getBalance()); } CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee) :Account(date, id), credit(credit), rate(rate), fee(fee), acc(date, 0) {} void CreditAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) { record(date, amount, desc); acc.change(date, getDebt()); } void CreditAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) { if (amount - getBalance() > credit) { error("not enough credit"); } else { record(date, -amount, desc); acc.change(date, getDebt()); } } void CreditAccount::settle(const Date& date) { double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate; if (interest != 0)record(date, interest, "interest"); if (date.getMonth() == 1) record(date, -fee, "annual fee"); acc.reset(date, getDebt()); } void CreditAccount::show()const { Account::show(); cout << "\tAvailable credit:" << getAvailableCredit(); }
7_10.cpp源码:
#include"account.h" #include<iostream> using namespace std; int main() { Date date(2008, 11, 1); SavingsAccount sa1(date, "S3755217", 0.015); SavingsAccount sa2(date, "02342342", 0.015); CreditAccount ca(date, "C5392394", 10000, 0.0005, 50); sa1.deposit(Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary"); ca.withdraw(Date(2008, 11, 15), 2000, "buy a cell"); sa2.deposit(Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323"); ca.settle(Date(2008, 12, 1)); ca.deposit(Date(2008, 12, 1), 2016, "repay the credit"); sa1.deposit(Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary"); sa1.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1)); sa2.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1)); ca.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1)); cout << endl; sa1.show(); cout << endl; sa2.show(); cout << endl; ca.show(); cout << endl; cout << "Total:" << Account::getTotal() << endl; return 0; }
运行结果: