实验3 类和对象_基础编程2

实验任务1:

button.hpp源码:

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <string>
 5 
 6 using std::string;
 7 using std::cout;
 8 
 9 // 按钮类
10 class Button {
11 public:
12     Button(const string &text);
13     string get_label() const;
14     void click();
15 
16 private:
17     string label;
18 };
19 
20 Button::Button(const string &text): label{text} {
21 }
22 
23 inline string Button::get_label() const {
24     return label;
25 }
26 
27 void Button::click() {
28     cout << "Button '" << label << "' clicked\n";
29 }

 

window.hpp源码:

 1 #pragma once
 2 #include "button.hpp"
 3 #include <vector>
 4 #include <iostream>
 5 
 6 using std::vector;
 7 using std::cout;
 8 using std::endl;
 9 
10 // 窗口类
11 class Window{
12 public:
13     Window(const string &win_title);
14     void display() const;
15     void close();
16     void add_button(const string &label);
17 
18 private:
19     string title;
20     vector<Button> buttons;
21 };
22 
23 Window::Window(const string &win_title): title{win_title} {
24     buttons.push_back(Button("close"));
25 }
26 
27 inline void Window::display() const {
28     string s(40, '*');
29 
30     cout << s << endl;
31     cout << "window title: " << title << endl;
32     cout << "It has " << buttons.size() << " buttons: " << endl;
33     for(const auto &i: buttons)
34         cout << i.get_label() << " button" << endl;
35     cout << s << endl;
36 }
37 
38 void Window::close() {
39     cout << "close window '" << title << "'" << endl;
40     buttons.at(0).click();
41 }
42 
43 void Window::add_button(const string &label) {
44     buttons.push_back(Button(label));
45 }

task1.cpp源码:

 1 #include "window.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 
 4 using std::cout;
 5 using std::cin;
 6 
 7 void test() {
 8     Window w1("new window");
 9     w1.add_button("maximize");
10     w1.display();
11     w1.close();
12 }
13 
14 int main() {
15     cout << "用组合类模拟简单GUI:\n";
16     test();
17 }

运行测试结果截图:

问题1:

  自定义了两个类,Button类和Window类。

  使用到了标准库中的string类,vector类。

  Button类和string类,Window类和vector类存在组合关系。

问题2:

  void Button::click() 可以设置成 inline void Button::click() ;

  void Window::close() 可以设置成 void Window::close() 。

问题3:

  创建一个有40个 * 的字符串。

 

实验任务2:

 task2.cpp源码:

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <vector>
 3 
 4 using namespace std;
 5 
 6 void output1(const vector<int> &v) {
 7     for(auto &i: v)
 8         cout << i << ", ";
 9     cout << "\b\b \n";
10 }
11 
12 void output2(const vector<vector<int>> v) {
13     for(auto &i: v) {
14         for(auto &j: i)
15             cout << j << ", ";
16         cout << "\b\b \n";
17     }
18 }
19 
20 void test1() {
21     vector<int> v1(5, 42);
22     const vector<int> v2(v1);
23 
24     v1.at(0) = -999;
25     cout << "v1: ";  output1(v1);
26     cout << "v2: ";  output1(v2);
27     cout << "v1.at(0) = " << v1.at(0) << endl;
28     cout << "v2.at(0) = " << v2.at(0) << endl;
29 }
30 
31 void test2() {
32     vector<vector<int>> v1{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}};
33     const vector<vector<int>> v2(v1);
34 
35     v1.at(0).push_back(-999);
36     cout << "v1: \n";  output2(v1);
37     cout << "v2: \n";  output2(v2);
38 
39     vector<int> t1 = v1.at(0);
40     cout << t1.at(t1.size()-1) << endl;
41     
42     const vector<int> t2 = v2.at(0);
43     cout << t2.at(t2.size()-1) << endl;
44 }
45 
46 int main() {
47     cout << "测试1:\n";
48     test1();
49 
50     cout << "\n测试2:\n";
51     test2();
52 }

运行测试截图:

问题1:

  vector<int> v1(5, 42); 作用是生成一个有5个 int 类型元素的动态一维数组,并为每个元素赋值42。

  vector<int> v2(v1); 作用是复制 v1。

  v1.at(0) = -999; 作用是将 v1 生成的5个元素所在的第0个元素赋值为-999。

问题2:

  vector<vector<int>> v1{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}}; 作用是生成两个动态一维数组,内容分别为 {1, 2, 3} 和 {4, 5, 6, 7} 。

  const vector<vector<int>> v2(v1); 作用是复制 v1。

  v1.at(0).push_back(-999); 作用是在第一个动态一维数组末尾添加一个数字-999。

问题3:

  vector<int> t1 = v1.at(0); 作用是将 vector<int> 型变量 t1 初始化为 v1 的子成员 {1, 2 ,3} 。

  cout << t1.at(t1.size()-1) << endl; 作用是输出 t1 的最后一个元素。

  const vector<int> t2 = v2.at(0); 作用是将 t2 初始化为 v2 到子成员 {1, 2 ,3} ,并且为 const 类型。

  cout << t2.at(t2.size()-1) << endl; 作用是输出 t2 的最后一个元素。

问题4:

   因为操作中有对 v1 中有进行修改操作,但并没有影响到 v2 的内容,所以机制是深复制。

  不一定,但是为了保证安全,加上 const 更好。

实验任务3:

 vectorint.hpp源码:

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <cassert>
 5 
 6 using std::cout;
 7 using std::endl;
 8 
 9 // 动态int数组对象类
10 class vectorInt{
11 public:
12     vectorInt(int n);
13     vectorInt(int n, int value);
14     vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi);
15     ~vectorInt();
16 
17     int& at(int index);
18     const int& at(int index) const;
19 
20     vectorInt& assign(const vectorInt &v);
21     int get_size() const;
22 
23 private:
24     int size;
25     int *ptr;       // ptr指向包含size个int的数组
26 };
27 
28 vectorInt::vectorInt(int n): size{n}, ptr{new int[size]} {
29 }
30 
31 vectorInt::vectorInt(int n, int value): size{n}, ptr{new int[size]} {
32     for(auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
33         ptr[i] = value;
34 }
35 
36 vectorInt::vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi): size{vi.size}, ptr{new int[size]} {
37     for(auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
38         ptr[i] = vi.ptr[i];
39 }
40 
41 vectorInt::~vectorInt() {
42     delete [] ptr;
43 }
44 
45 const int& vectorInt::at(int index) const {
46     assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
47 
48     return ptr[index];
49 }
50 
51 int& vectorInt::at(int index) {
52     assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
53 
54     return ptr[index];
55 }
56 
57 vectorInt& vectorInt::assign(const vectorInt &v) {  
58     delete[] ptr;       // 释放对象中ptr原来指向的资源
59 
60     size = v.size;
61     ptr = new int[size];
62 
63     for(int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
64         ptr[i] = v.ptr[i];
65 
66     return *this;
67 }
68 
69 int vectorInt::get_size() const {
70     return size;
71 }

task3.cpp源码:

 1 #include "vectorInt.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 
 4 using std::cin;
 5 using std::cout;
 6 
 7 void output(const vectorInt &vi) {
 8     for(auto i = 0; i < vi.get_size(); ++i)
 9         cout << vi.at(i) << ", ";
10     cout << "\b\b \n";
11 }
12 
13 
14 void test1() {
15     int n;
16     cout << "Enter n: ";
17     cin >> n;
18 
19     vectorInt x1(n);
20     for(auto i = 0; i < n; ++i)
21         x1.at(i) = i*i;
22     cout << "x1: ";  output(x1);
23 
24     vectorInt x2(n, 42);
25     vectorInt x3(x2);
26     x2.at(0) = -999;
27     cout << "x2: ";  output(x2);
28     cout << "x3: ";  output(x3);
29 }
30 
31 void test2() {
32     const vectorInt  x(5, 42);
33     vectorInt y(10, 0);
34 
35     cout << "y: ";  output(y);
36     y.assign(x);
37     cout << "y: ";  output(y);
38     
39     cout << "x.at(0) = " << x.at(0) << endl;
40     cout << "y.at(0) = " << y.at(0) << endl;
41 }
42 
43 int main() {
44     cout << "测试1: \n";
45     test1();
46 
47     cout << "\n测试2: \n";
48     test2();
49 }

运行测试结果截图:

问题1:

  深复制。

问题2:

  不能正确运行。

  存在安全隐患。去掉const后,调用这个操作时,返回的值就可以被修改,但使用 at 时又是访问了类的内部数据,内部数据被修改是很大的问题。所以存在安全隐患。

问题3:

  应该是可以的,assign() 的操作类似于复制构造。

 

实验任务4:

 Matrix.hpp源码:

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <cassert>
 5 
 6 using std::cout;
 7 using std::endl;
 8 
 9 // 类Matrix的声明
10 class Matrix {
11 public:
12     Matrix(int n, int m);           // 构造函数,构造一个n*m的矩阵, 初始值为value
13     Matrix(int n);                  // 构造函数,构造一个n*n的矩阵, 初始值为value
14     Matrix(const Matrix &x);        // 复制构造函数, 使用已有的矩阵X构造
15     ~Matrix();
16 
17     void set(const double *pvalue);         // 用pvalue指向的连续内存块数据按行为矩阵赋值
18     void clear();                           // 把矩阵对象的值置0
19     
20     const double& at(int i, int j) const;   // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素const引用
21     double& at(int i, int j);               // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素引用
22     
23     int get_lines() const;                  // 返回矩阵对象行数
24     int get_cols() const;                   // 返回矩阵对象列数
25 
26     void display() const;                    // 按行显示矩阵对象元素值
27 
28 private:
29     int lines;      // 矩阵对象内元素行数
30     int cols;       // 矩阵对象内元素列数
31     double *ptr;
32 };
33 
34 // 类Matrix的实现:待补足
35 // xxx
36 Matrix::Matrix(int n, int m) : lines{ n }, cols{ m }
37 {
38     ptr = new double[n * m];
39 }
40 
41 Matrix::Matrix(int n) :Matrix(n, n) {}
42 
43 Matrix::Matrix(const Matrix& x) :lines{ x.lines }, cols{ x.cols }
44 {
45     ptr = new double[x.lines * x.cols];
46     for (int i = 0; i < x.lines * x.cols; i++)
47         *(ptr + i) = *(x.ptr + i);
48 }
49 
50 Matrix::~Matrix() = default;
51 
52 void Matrix::set(const double* pvalue)
53 {
54     for (int i = 0; i < lines * cols; i++)
55         *(ptr + i) = *(pvalue + i);
56 }
57 
58 void Matrix::clear()
59 {
60     for (int i = 0; i < lines * cols; i++)
61         *(ptr + i) = 0;
62 }
63 
64 const double& Matrix::at(int i, int j) const
65 {
66     return *(ptr + i * cols + j);
67 }
68 
69 double& Matrix::at(int i, int j)
70 {
71     return *(ptr + i * cols + j);
72 }
73 
74 int Matrix::get_lines() const
75 {
76     return lines;
77 }
78 
79 int Matrix::get_cols() const
80 {
81     return cols;
82 }
83 
84 void Matrix::display() const
85 {
86     for (int i = 0; i < lines; i++)
87     {
88         for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
89             cout << *(ptr + i * cols + j) << ", ";
90         cout << "\b\b\n";
91     }
92 }

task4.cpp源码:

 1 #include "matrix.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <cassert>
 4 
 5 using std::cin;
 6 using std::cout;
 7 using std::endl;
 8 
 9 
10 const int N = 1000;
11 
12 // 输出矩阵对象索引为index所在行的所有元素
13 void output(const Matrix &m, int index) {
14     assert(index >= 0 && index < m.get_lines());
15 
16     for(auto j = 0; j < m.get_cols(); ++j)
17         cout << m.at(index, j) << ", ";
18     cout << "\b\b \n";
19 }
20 
21 
22 void test1() {
23     double x[1000] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
24 
25     int n, m;
26     cout << "Enter n and m: ";
27     cin >> n >> m;
28 
29     Matrix m1(n, m);    // 创建矩阵对象m1, 大小n×m
30     m1.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值
31 
32     Matrix m2(m, n);    // 创建矩阵对象m1, 大小m×n
33     m2.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值
34 
35     Matrix m3(2);       // 创建一个2×2矩阵对象
36     m3.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m4赋值
37 
38     cout << "矩阵对象m1: \n";   m1.display();  cout << endl;
39     cout << "矩阵对象m2: \n";   m2.display();  cout << endl;
40     cout << "矩阵对象m3: \n";   m3.display();  cout << endl;
41 }
42 
43 void test2() {
44     Matrix m1(2, 3);
45     m1.clear();
46     
47     const Matrix m2(m1);
48     m1.at(0, 0) = -999;
49 
50     cout << "m1.at(0, 0) = " << m1.at(0, 0) << endl;
51     cout << "m2.at(0, 0) = " << m2.at(0, 0) << endl;
52     cout << "矩阵对象m1第0行: "; output(m1, 0);
53     cout << "矩阵对象m2第0行: "; output(m2, 0);
54 }
55 
56 int main() {
57     cout << "测试1: \n";
58     test1();
59 
60     cout << "测试2: \n";
61     test2();
62 }

运行测试结果截图:

 

实验任务5:

 User.hpp源码:

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include<iostream>
 4 #include<string>
 5 
 6 using namespace std;
 7 
 8 class User
 9 {
10 public:
11     User(string name, string password = "123456", string email = "") :name{ name }, password{ password }, email{ email } {}
12 
13     void set_email()
14     {
15         cout << "Enter email address: ";
16         while (1)
17         {
18             string temp;    //储存当前输入邮箱
19             cin >> temp;
20             if (temp.find('@') != -1)
21             {
22                 cout << "email is set successfully..." << endl;
23                 email = temp;
24                 break;
25             }
26             else
27                 cout << "illegal email. Please re-enter email: ";
28         }
29     }
30 
31     void change_password()
32     {
33         int i = 0;    //用于记录错误次数
34         string old_password, new_password;
35         cout << "Enter old password: ";
36         for(i = 0; i < 3; i++)
37         {
38             cin >> old_password;
39             if (old_password == password)
40             {
41                 cout << "Enter new password: ";
42                 cin >> new_password;
43                 password = new_password;
44                 cout << "new password is set successfully..." << endl;
45                 break;
46             }
47             else
48             {
49                 cout << "password input error.";
50                 if (i == 2)
51                     cout << "Please try after a while." << endl;
52                 else
53                     cout << "Please re-enter angain: ";
54             }
55         }
56     }
57 
58     void display()
59     {
60         string temp(password.size(), '*');
61         cout << "name:   " << name << endl;
62         cout << "pass:   " << temp << endl;
63         cout << "email:  " << email << endl;
64     }
65 
66 private:
67     string name;
68     string password;
69     string email;
70 };

task5.cpp源码:

 1 #include "user.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <vector>
 4 #include <string>
 5 
 6 using std::cin;
 7 using std::cout;
 8 using std::endl;
 9 using std::vector;
10 using std::string;
11 
12 void test() {
13     vector<User> user_lst;
14 
15     User u1("Alice", "2024113", "Alice@hotmail.com");
16     user_lst.push_back(u1);
17     cout << endl;
18 
19     User u2("Bob");
20     u2.set_email();
21     u2.change_password();
22     user_lst.push_back(u2);
23     cout << endl;
24 
25     User u3("Hellen");
26     u3.set_email();
27     u3.change_password();
28     user_lst.push_back(u3);
29     cout << endl;
30 
31     cout << "There are " << user_lst.size() << " users. they are: " << endl;
32     for (auto& i : user_lst) {
33         i.display();
34         cout << endl;
35     }
36 }
37 
38 int main() {
39     test();
40 }

运行测试截图:

 

实验任务6:

 date.h源码:

 1 //date.h
 2 #ifndef __DATE_H__
 3 #define __DATE_H__
 4 class Date {    //日期类
 5 private:
 6     int year;        //
 7     int month;        //
 8     int day;        //
 9     int totalDays;    //该日期是从公元元年1月1日开始的第几天
10 public:
11     Date(int year, int month, int day);    //用年、月、日构造日期
12     int getYear() const { return year; }
13     int getMonth() const { return month; }
14     int getDay() const { return day; }
15     int getMaxDay() const;        //获得当月有多少天
16     bool isLeapYear() const {    //判断当年是否为闰年
17         return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
18     }
19     void show() const;            //输出当前日期
20     //计算两个日期之间差多少天
21     int distance(const Date & date) const {
22         return totalDays - date.totalDays;
23     }
24 };
25 #endif //__DATE_H__
View Code

date.cpp源码:

 1 #include "date.h"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <cstdlib>
 4 using namespace std;
 5 namespace {    //namespace使下面的定义只在当前文件中有效
 6     //存储平年中的某个月1日之前有多少天,为便于getMaxDay函数的实现,该数组多出一项
 7     const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
 8 }
 9 Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) : year(year), month(month), day(day) {
10     if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
11         cout << "Invalid date: ";
12         show();
13         cout << endl;
14         exit(1);
15     }
16     int years = year - 1;
17     totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400
18     + DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
19     if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
20 }
21 int Date::getMaxDay() const {
22     if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
23          return 29;
24      else
25          return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
26 }
27 void Date::show() const {
28      cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
29 }
View Code

account.h源码:

 1 //account.h
 2 #ifndef __ACCOUNT_H__
 3 #define __ACCOUNT_H__
 4 #include "date.h"
 5 #include <string>
 6 class SavingsAccount { //储蓄账户类
 7 private:
 8     std::string id;        //帐号
 9     double balance;        //余额
10     double rate;        //存款的年利率
11     Date lastDate;        //上次变更余额的时期
12     double accumulation;    //余额按日累加之和
13     static double total;    //所有账户的总金额
14     //记录一笔帐,date为日期,amount为金额,desc为说明
15     void record(const Date & date, double amount, const std::string & desc);
16     //报告错误信息
17     void error(const std::string & msg) const;
18     //获得到指定日期为止的存款金额按日累积值
19     double accumulate(const Date & date) const {
20         return accumulation + balance * date.distance(lastDate);
21     }
22 public:
23     //构造函数
24     SavingsAccount(const Date & date, const std::string & id, double rate);
25     const std::string & getId() const { return id; }
26     double getBalance() const { return balance; }
27     double getRate() const { return rate; }
28     static double getTotal() { return total; }
29     //存入现金
30     void deposit(const Date & date, double amount, const std::string & desc);
31     //取出现金
32     void withdraw(const Date & date, double amount, const std::string & desc);
33     //结算利息,每年1月1日调用一次该函数
34     void settle(const Date & date);
35     //显示账户信息
36     void show() const;
37 };
38 #endif //__ACCOUNT_H__
View Code

account.cpp源码:

 1 //account.cpp
 2 #include "account.h"
 3 #include <cmath>
 4 #include <iostream>
 5 using namespace std;
 6 double SavingsAccount::total = 0;
 7 //SavingsAccount类相关成员函数的实现
 8 SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date & date, const string & id, double rate)
 9     : id(id), balance(0), rate(rate), lastDate(date), accumulation(0) {
10     date.show();
11     cout << "\t#" << id << " created" << endl;
12 }
13 void SavingsAccount::record(const Date & date, double amount, const string & desc) {
14     accumulation = accumulate(date);
15     lastDate = date;
16     amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;    //保留小数点后两位
17     balance += amount;
18     total += amount;
19     date.show();
20     cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
21 }
22 void SavingsAccount::error(const string & msg) const {
23     cout << "Error(#" << id << "): " << msg << endl;
24 }
25 void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date & date, double amount, const string & desc) {
26     record(date, amount, desc);
27 }
28 void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date & date, double amount, const string & desc) {
29     if (amount > getBalance())
30         error("not enough money");
31     else
32         record(date, -amount, desc);
33 }
34 void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date & date) {
35     double interest = accumulate(date) * rate    //计算年息
36         / date.distance(Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
37     if (interest != 0)
38         record(date, interest, "interest");
39     accumulation = 0;
40 }
41 void SavingsAccount::show() const {
42     cout << id << "\tBalance: " << balance;
43 }
View Code

6_25.cpp源码:

 1 //6_25.cpp
 2 #include "account.h"
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 using namespace std;
 5 int main() {
 6     Date date(2008, 11, 1);    //起始日期
 7     //建立几个账户
 8     SavingsAccount accounts[] = {
 9         SavingsAccount(date, "03755217", 0.015),
10         SavingsAccount(date, "02342342", 0.015)
11     };
12     const int n = sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(SavingsAccount); //账户总数
13     //11月份的几笔账目
14     accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");
15     accounts[1].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");
16     //12月份的几笔账目
17     accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");
18     accounts[1].withdraw(Date(2008, 12, 20), 4000, "buy a laptop");
19     //结算所有账户并输出各个账户信息
20     cout << endl;
21     for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
22         accounts[i].settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
23         accounts[i].show();
24         cout << endl;
25     }
26     cout << "Total: " << SavingsAccount::getTotal() << endl;
27     return 0;
28 }
View Code

运行测试截图:

 

posted @ 2024-11-06 18:25  wuxin404  阅读(8)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报