BFD基本配置

BFD与静态路由联动

静态路由联动原理

静态路由自身没有检测机制，当网络发生故障的时候，需要管理员介入。BFD与静态路由联动特性可为公网静态路由绑定BFD会话，利用BFD会话来检测静态路由所在链路的状态。
BFD与静态路由联动可为每条静态路由绑定一个BFD会话，当这条静态路由上绑定的BFD会话检测到链路故障（由Up转为Down）后，BFD会将故障上报路由管理系统，由路由管理模块将这条路由设置为“非激活”状态（此条路由不可用，从IP路由表中删除）。当这条静态路由上绑定的BFD会话成功建立或者从故障状态恢复后（由Down转为Up），BFD会上报路由管理模块，由路由管理模块将这条路由设置为“激活”状态（此路由可用，加入IP路由表）。

典型配置1

拓扑图如下：

目标：BFD与静态路由联动实现浮动路由。

场景：R1到23.23.23.23/32网络可通过R2到达，也可通过R3到达（交换机作为二层转发）。R2作为主用R3作为备用。R1到R2、R3之间由于不是直连链路，因此接口状态不会影响到静态路由的有效性，此时使用BFD进行检测，当检测失效时，使用备份静态路由进行数据转发。

配置步骤

基本IP编址
BFD配置
BFD与静态路由联动配置
验证

1.基本IP编址

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 10.0.12.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 10.0.13.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[R1]interface LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 10.0.1.1 32
[R1-LoopBack0]q

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 10.0.12.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R2]interface LoopBack 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 23.23.23.23 32
[R2-LoopBack0]q

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 10.0.13.2 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R3]interface LoopBack 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 23.23.23.23 32
[R3-LoopBack0]q

2.BFD配置

#在主用路径上启用BFD，检测R1到R2接口。

[R1]bfd  //全局启用BFD
[R1-bfd]q
[R1]bfd 1 bind peer-ip 10.0.12.2 source-ip 10.0.12.1 auto //配置BFD会话
[R1-bfd-session-1]commit   
[R1-bfd-session-1]q

[R2]bfd
[R2-bfd]q
[R2]bfd 1 bind peer-ip 10.0.12.1 source-ip 10.0.12.2 auto 
[R2-bfd-session-1]commit 
[R2-bfd-session-1]q

#查看BFD会话信息

[R1]display bfd session all 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Remote     PeerIpAddr      State     Type         InterfaceName           
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8192  8192       10.0.12.2       Up        S_AUTO_PEER        -                 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Total UP/DOWN Session Number : 1/0

[R2]display bfd session all 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Remote     PeerIpAddr      State     Type         InterfaceName           
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8192  8192       10.0.12.1       Up        S_AUTO_PEER        -                 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Total UP/DOWN Session Number : 1/0

3.BFD与静态路由联动配置

#在R2和R3上配置去往R1环回的静态路由

[R2]ip route-static 10.0.0.0 8 10.0.12.1

[R3]ip route-static 10.0.0.0 8 10.0.13.1 

[R2]display ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib, T - to vpn-instance
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 9        Routes : 9        

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

       10.0.0.0/8   Static  60   0          RD   10.0.12.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1

[R3]display ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib, T - to vpn-instance
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 9        Routes : 9        

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

       10.0.0.0/8   Static  60   0          RD   10.0.13.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1

#在R1上配置静态路由并联动BFD

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.12.2 track bfd-session 1  //默认主路由与bfd联动   
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.13.2 preference 100  //备用路由调整优先级（静态路由默认60）

#查看路由表

[R1]display ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib, T - to vpn-instance
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 12       Routes : 12       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   Static  60   0          RD   10.0.12.2       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
//正常情况下主用路由加入转发表

[R1]display ip routing-table 0.0.0.0 0 verbose 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib, T - to vpn-instance
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Table : Public
Summary Count : 2

Destination: 0.0.0.0/0
     Protocol: Static           Process ID: 0
   Preference: 60                     Cost: 0
      NextHop: 10.0.12.2         Neighbour: 0.0.0.0
        State: Active Adv Relied       Age: 00h04m53s
          Tag: 0                  Priority: medium
        Label: NULL                QoSInfo: 0x0
   IndirectID: 0x80000001       
 RelayNextHop: 0.0.0.0           Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/1
     TunnelID: 0x0                   Flags: RD

Destination: 0.0.0.0/0
     Protocol: Static           Process ID: 0
   Preference: 100                    Cost: 0
      NextHop: 10.0.13.2         Neighbour: 0.0.0.0
        State: Inactive Adv Relied     Age: 00h04m32s
          Tag: 0                  Priority: medium
        Label: NULL                QoSInfo: 0x0
   IndirectID: 0x80000002       
 RelayNextHop: 0.0.0.0           Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/2
     TunnelID: 0x0                   Flags: R
//备用路由此时为不活跃状态（不加表）

注意：如果不配置BFD检测的话，在R1上是没有任何机制可以判断静态路由是否有效的，因此BFD在这种场景非常重要。

4.配置验证

在R2上关闭连接至R1的端口，模拟主用路径故障。

#关闭R2端口

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]shutdown

#R1到目的网络有短暂丢包（切换备用线路）

<R1>ping -c 100 23.23.23.23 
  PING 23.23.23.23: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 23.23.23.23: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=2 ms
    Reply from 23.23.23.23: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=2 ms
    Reply from 23.23.23.23: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms
    Reply from 23.23.23.23: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=2 ms
    Reply from 23.23.23.23: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=2 ms
    Reply from 23.23.23.23: bytes=56 Sequence=6 ttl=255 time=4 ms
    Reply from 23.23.23.23: bytes=56 Sequence=7 ttl=255 time=1 ms
    Request time out
    Request time out
    Reply from 23.23.23.23: bytes=56 Sequence=10 ttl=255 time=1 ms
    Reply from 23.23.23.23: bytes=56 Sequence=11 ttl=255 time=8 ms
    Reply from 23.23.23.23: bytes=56 Sequence=12 ttl=255 time=1 ms

#BFD状态down

<R1>display bfd session all 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Remote     PeerIpAddr      State     Type         InterfaceName           
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8192  0          10.0.12.2       Down      S_AUTO_PEER        -                 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Total UP/DOWN Session Number : 0/1

#R1路由表（此时备用路由被加入路由转发表）

<R1>display ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib, T - to vpn-instance
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 12       Routes : 12       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   Static  100  0          RD   10.0.13.2       GigabitEthernet0/0/2

#R1默认路由信息（主用路由状态成为invalid，备用为active）

<R1>display ip routing-table 0.0.0.0 0 verbose 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib, T - to vpn-instance
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Table : Public
Summary Count : 2

Destination: 0.0.0.0/0
     Protocol: Static           Process ID: 0
   Preference: 60                     Cost: 0
      NextHop: 10.0.12.2         Neighbour: 0.0.0.0
        State: Invalid Adv Relied      Age: 00h27m53s
          Tag: 0                  Priority: medium
        Label: NULL                QoSInfo: 0x0
   IndirectID: 0x80000001       
 RelayNextHop: 0.0.0.0           Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/1
     TunnelID: 0x0                   Flags: R

Destination: 0.0.0.0/0
     Protocol: Static           Process ID: 0
   Preference: 100                    Cost: 0
      NextHop: 10.0.13.2         Neighbour: 0.0.0.0
        State: Active Adv Relied       Age: 00h27m32s
          Tag: 0                  Priority: medium
        Label: NULL                QoSInfo: 0x0
   IndirectID: 0x80000002       
 RelayNextHop: 0.0.0.0           Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/2
     TunnelID: 0x0                   Flags: RD

BFD与OSPF联动

典型配置1

拓扑如图所示：

场景：两台路由器通过交换机互联，并将各自的接口运行于OSPF区域0，由于不是接口直接相连，若其中一台的接口Down，另一台不会立即感知，需要等待4倍的Hello时间来删除邻居，在这段时间内，数据转发都会处于非正常状态。在这种场景下，可以通过BFD检测来加快OSPF的收敛速度。

目标：通过BFD检测来加快OSPF的收敛速度。

配置步骤：

IP编址基本配置
OSPF配置
BFD会话配置
配置验证

1.IP编址基本配置

[R1]interface LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 10.0.1.1 32
[R1-LoopBack0]q
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 10.1.12.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q

[R2]interface LoopBack 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 10.0.2.2 32
[R2-LoopBack0]q
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 10.1.12.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q

2.OSPF配置

[R1]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.1.1 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R1-ospf-1]q

[R2]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.2.2 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R2-ospf-1]q

3.BFD会话配置

#配置BFD会话

[R1]bfd  //全局开启BFD
[R1-bfd]q
[R1]ospf 1    
[R1-ospf-1]bfd all-interfaces enable  //OSPF进程下使能BFD联动
[R1-ospf-1]q

[R2]bfd
[R2-bfd]q
[R2]ospf 1    
[R2-ospf-1]bfd all-interfaces enable 
[R2-ospf-1]q

#查看BFD session状态

<R1>display bfd session all 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Remote     PeerIpAddr      State     Type         InterfaceName           
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8192  8192       10.1.12.2       Up        D_IP_IF      GigabitEthernet0/0/1    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Total UP/DOWN Session Number : 1/0

<R2>display bfd session all 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Remote     PeerIpAddr      State     Type         InterfaceName           
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8192  8192       10.1.12.1       Up        D_IP_IF      GigabitEthernet0/0/1    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Total UP/DOWN Session Number : 1/0

4.配置验证

#在R1上开启debug，观察debug日志。

<R1>
Dec 12 2024 00:22:47+00:00 R1 %%01BFD/4/STACHG_TODWN(l)[2]:BFD session changed to Down. (SlotNumber=0, Discriminator=8192, Diagnostic=DetectDown, Applications=OSPF, ProcessPST=False, BindInterfaceName=GigabitEthernet0/0/1, InterfacePhysicalState=Up, InterfaceProtocolState=Up) 
<R1>
Dec 12 2024 00:22:47+00:00 R1 %%01OSPF/3/NBR_CHG_DOWN(l)[3]:Neighbor event:neighbor state changed to Down. (ProcessId=1, NeighborAddress=10.1.12.2, NeighborEvent=KillNbr, NeighborPreviousState=Init, NeighborCurrentState=Down) 
<R1>
Dec 12 2024 00:22:47+00:00 R1 %%01OSPF/3/NBR_DOWN_REASON(l)[4]:Neighbor state leaves full or changed to Down. (ProcessId=1, NeighborRouterId=10.0.2.2, NeighborAreaId=0, NeighborInterface=GigabitEthernet0/0/1, NeighborDownImmediate reason=Neighbor Down Due to Kill Neighbor, NeighborDownPrimeReason=BFD Session Down, NeighborChangeTime=2024-12-12 00:22:47)

#在R2上shutdown端口，模拟链路故障。

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]shutdown

BFD与VRRP联动

典型配置1

拓扑图如下

场景

R1通过两台交换机S1、S2和R2、R3互连，R2和R3运行VRRP作为局域网内R4和R5的网关，R2工作在VRRP MASTER模式，R3工作在BACKUP模式。
为了避免R2的非直连上行链路Down后，上行流量依旧从R2转发形成路由黑洞的问题，配置BFD联动VRRP，当R1和R2互联接口Down掉，立即降低R2的VRRP优先级，由R3作为MASTER转发上行流量。

配置步骤：

1.基本IP编址

2.OSPF与静态路由配置

3.VRRP配置

4.配置BFD联动

5.测试

1.基本IP编址

[R1]interface LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 10.0.1.1 24
[R1-LoopBack0]q
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 10.0.12.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q  
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 10.0.13.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q

[R2]interface LoopBack 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 10.0.2.2 24
[R2-LoopBack0]q
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 10.0.12.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.45.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q

[R3]interface LoopBack 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 10.0.3.3 24
[R3-LoopBack0]q
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 10.0.13.2 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.45.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q

[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.45.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q

[R5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.45.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q

[~SW1]vlan 12
[*SW1-vlan12]q    
[*SW1]interface GE 1/0/1
[*SW1-GE1/0/1]port link-type access
[*SW1-GE1/0/1]port default vlan 12 
[*SW1-GE1/0/1]q
[*SW1]interface GE 1/0/2
[*SW1-GE1/0/2]p l a
[*SW1-GE1/0/2]p d v 12
[*SW1-GE1/0/2]q
[*SW1]comm
[~SW1]

[~SW2]vlan 13
[*SW2-vlan13]q    
[*SW2]interface GE 1/0/1
[*SW2-GE1/0/1]port link-type access
[*SW2-GE1/0/1]port default vlan 13 
[*SW2-GE1/0/1]q
[*SW2]interface GE 1/0/3
[*SW2-GE1/0/3]p l a
[*SW2-GE1/0/3]p d v 13
[*SW2-GE1/0/3]q
[*SW2]comm
[~SW2]

2.OSPF与静态路由配置

[R1]ospf 1                    
[R1-ospf-1]area 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.13.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R1-ospf-1]q

[R2]ospf 1                    
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.2.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R2-ospf-1]silent-interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0  //配置静默接口，该接口只宣告网段不建立邻居

[R3]ospf 1                    
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.3.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.13.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R3-ospf-1]silent-interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0  //配置静默接口，该接口只宣告网段不建立邻居

#修改接口开销，使下行流量的选路以R2为主。

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf cost 90
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf cost 100
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf cost 90
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf cost 100
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q

3.VRRP配置

#在R2、R3的下行接口配置VRRP。

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0   
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]vrrp vrid 45 virtual-ip 192.168.45.1 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]vrrp vrid 45 priority 150  //华为设备默认优先级为100
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0    
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]vrrp vrid 45 virtual-ip 192.168.45.1 
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q

#在R4和R5上配置默认路由指向VRRP地址

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.45.1

[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.45.1

4.配置BFD联动

#在R1和R2上启用BFD，配置联动VRRP，如果BFD检测失效，立即降低优先级。

[R1]bfd    
[R1-bfd]q    
[R1]bfd 1 bind peer-ip 192.168.45.2 source-ip 10.0.12.1 auto     
[R1-bfd-session-1]commit 
[R1-bfd-session-1]q

[R2]bfd    
[R2-bfd]q        
[R2]bfd 1 bind peer-ip 10.0.12.1 source-ip 192.168.45.2 auto 
[R2-bfd-session-1]com
[R2-bfd-session-1]q
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]vrrp vrid 45 track bfd-session session-name 1 reduced 60  //检测到BFD失效时，降低接口VRRP优先级

5.测试

#当前VRRP状态

[R2]display vrrp
  GigabitEthernet0/0/0 | Virtual Router 45
    State : Master   //主用模式
    Virtual IP : 192.168.45.1
    Master IP : 192.168.45.2
    PriorityRun : 150   //当前运行优先级150
    PriorityConfig : 150
    MasterPriority : 150
    Preempt : YES   Delay Time : 0 s
    TimerRun : 1 s
    TimerConfig : 1 s
    Auth type : NONE
    Virtual MAC : 0000-5e00-012d
    Check TTL : YES
    Config type : normal-vrrp
    Backup-forward : disabled
    Track BFD : 1  Priority reduced : 60   //BFD失效时降低优先级
    BFD-session state : UP
    Create time : 2024-12-26 00:26:22
    Last change time : 2024-12-26 00:26:25

#模拟BFD失效

[R4]ping -c 100 10.0.1.1

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]shutdown

#在R4上查看ping的结果

<R4>ping -c 100 10.0.1.1
  PING 10.0.1.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=3 ms
    Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=4 ms
    Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=4 ms
    Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=6 ttl=254 time=3 ms
    Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=37 ttl=254 time=6 ms
    Request time out
    Request time out
    Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=40 ttl=254 time=4 ms
    Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=41 ttl=254 time=2 ms
    Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=42 ttl=254 time=3 ms

<R2>display vrrp
  GigabitEthernet0/0/0 | Virtual Router 45
    State : Backup   
    Virtual IP : 192.168.45.1
    Master IP : 192.168.45.3
    PriorityRun : 90
    PriorityConfig : 150
    MasterPriority : 100
    Preempt : YES   Delay Time : 0 s
    TimerRun : 1 s
    TimerConfig : 1 s
    Auth type : NONE
    Virtual MAC : 0000-5e00-012d
    Check TTL : YES
    Config type : normal-vrrp
    Backup-forward : disabled
    Track BFD : 1  Priority reduced : 60
    BFD-session state : DOWN
    Create time : 2024-12-26 00:26:22
    Last change time : 2024-12-26 01:24:37

posted @ 2024-12-10 11:01 小蟋帅阅读(376) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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BFD基本配置

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