AngularJS的Filter用法详解
上一篇讲了自定义Directive,本篇是要讲到AngularJS的Filter。
Filter简介
Filter是用来格式化数据用的。
Filter的基本原型( '|' 类似于Linux中的管道模式):
{{ expression | filter }}
Filter可以被链式使用(即连续使用多个filter):
{{ expression | filter1 | filter2 | ... }}
Filter也可以指定多个参数:
{{ expression | filter:argument1:argument2:... }}
AngularJS内建的Filter
AngularJS内建了一些常用的Filter,我们一一来看一下。
currencyFilter(currency):
用途:格式化货币
方法原型:
function(amount, currencySymbol, fractionSize)
用法:
1 {{ 12 | currency}} <!--将12格式化为货币,默认单位符号为 '$', 小数默认2位--> 2 3 {{ 12.45 | currency:'¥'}} <!--将12.45格式化为货币,使用自定义单位符号为 '¥', 小数默认2位--> 4 5 {{ 12.45 | currency:'CHY¥':1}} <!--将12.45格式化为货币,使用自定义单位符号为 'CHY¥', 小数指定1位, 会执行四舍五入操作 --> 6 7 {{ 12.55 | currency:undefined:0}} <!--将12.55格式化为货币, 不改变单位符号, 小数部分将四舍五入 -->
dateFilter(date):
用途:格式化日期
方法原型:
function(date, format, timezone)
用法:
<!--使用ISO标准日期格式 --> {{ '2015-05-20T03:56:16.887Z' | date:"MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma"}} <!--使用13位(单位:毫秒)时间戳 --> {{ 1432075948123 | date:"MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma"}} <!--指定timezone为UTC --> {{ 1432075948123 | date:"MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma":"UTC"}}
filterFilter(filter):
用途:过滤数组
方法原型:
function(array, expression, comparator)
用法1(参数expression使用String):
1 <div ng-init="myArr = [{name:'Tom', age:20}, {name:'Tom Senior', age:50}, {name:'May', age:21}, {name:'Jack', age:20}, {name:'Alice', age:22}]"> 2 <!-- 参数expression使用String,将全文搜索关键字 'a' --> 3 <div ng-repeat="u in myArr | filter:'a' "> 4 <p>Name:{{u.name}}</p> 5 <p>Age:{{u.age}}</p> 6 <br /> 7 </div> 8 </div>
用法2(参数expression使用function):
1 // 先在Controller中定义function: myFilter 2 $scope.myFilter = function (item) { 3 return item.age === 20; 4 }; 5 6 <div ng-repeat="u in myArr | filter:myFilter "> 7 <p>Name:{{u.name}}</p> 8 <p>Age:{{u.age}}</p> 9 <br /> 10 </div>
用法3(参数expression使用object):
1 <div ng-init="myArr = [{name:'Tom', age:20}, {name:'Tom Senior', age:50}, {name:'May', age:21}, {name:'Jack', age:20}, {name:'Alice', age:22}]"> 2 <div ng-repeat="u in myArr | filter:{age: 21} "> 3 <p>Name:{{u.name}}</p> 4 <p>Age:{{u.age}}</p> 5 <br /> 6 </div> 7 </div>
用法4(指定comparator为true或false):
1 <div ng-init="myArr = [{name:'Tom', age:20}, {name:'Tom Senior', age:50}, {name:'May', age:21}, {name:'Jack', age:20}, {name:'Alice', age:22}]"> 2 Name:<input ng-model="yourName" /> 3 <!-- 指定comparator为false或者undefined,即为默认值可不传,将以大小写不敏感的方式匹配任意内容 --> 4 <!-- 可以试试把下面代码的comparator为true,true即大小写及内容均需完全匹配 --> 5 <div ng-repeat="u in myArr | filter:{name:yourName}:false "> 6 <p>Name:{{u.name}}</p> 7 <p>Age:{{u.age}}</p> 8 <br /> 9 </div> 10 </div>
用法5(指定comparator为function):
1 // 先在Controller中定义function:myComparator, 此function将能匹配大小写不敏感的内容,但与comparator为false的情况不同的是,comparator必须匹配全文 2 $scope.myComparator = function (expected, actual) { 3 return angular.equals(expected.toLowerCase(), actual.toLowerCase()); 4 } 5 6 <div ng-init="myArr = [{name:'Tom', age:20}, {name:'Tom Senior', age:50}, {name:'May', age:21}, {name:'Jack', age:20}, {name:'Alice', age:22}]"> 7 Name:<input ng-model="yourName" /> 8 <div ng-repeat="u in myArr | filter:{name:yourName}:myComparator "> 9 <p>Name:{{u.name}}</p> 10 <p>Age:{{u.age}}</p> 11 <br /> 12 </div> 13 </div>
jsonFilter(json):
方法原型:
function(object, spacing)
用法(将对象格式化成标准的JSON格式):
{{ {name:'Jack', age: 21} | json}}
limitToFilter(limitTo):
方法原型:
function(input, limit)
用法(选取前N个记录):
1 <div ng-init="myArr = [{name:'Tom', age:20}, {name:'Tom Senior', age:50}, {name:'May', age:21}, {name:'Jack', age:20}, {name:'Alice', age:22}]"> 2 <div ng-repeat="u in myArr | limitTo:2"> 3 <p>Name:{{u.name}} 4 <p>Age:{{u.age}} 5 </div> 6 </div>
lowercaseFilter(lowercase)/uppercaseFilter(uppercase):
方法原型:
function(string)
用法:
China has joined the {{ "wto" | uppercase }}.
We all need {{ "MONEY" | lowercase }}.
numberFilter(number):
方法原型:
function(number, fractionSize)
用法:
{{ "3456789" | number}} <br /> {{ true | number}} <br /> {{ 12345678 | number:1}}
orderByFilter(orderBy):
方法原型:
function(array, sortPredicate, reverseOrder)
用法:
1 <div ng-init="myArr = [{name:'Tom', age:20, deposit: 300}, {name:'Tom', age:22, deposit: 200}, {name:'Tom Senior', age:50, deposit: 200}, {name:'May', age:21, deposit: 300}, {name:'Jack', age:20, deposit:100}, {name:'Alice', age:22, deposit: 150}]"> 2 <!--deposit前面的'-'表示deposit这列倒叙排序,默认为顺序排序 3 参数reverseOrder:true表示结果集倒叙显示--> 4 <div ng-repeat="u in myArr | orderBy:['name','-deposit']:true"> 5 <p>Name:{{u.name}}</p> 6 <p>Deposit:{{u.deposit}}</p> 7 <p>Age:{{u.age}}</p> 8 <br /> 9 </div> 10 </div>
自定义Filter
和Directive一样,如果内建的Filter不能满足你的需求,你当然可以定义一个专属于你自己的Filter。我们来做一个自己的Filter:capitalize_as_you_want,该Filter会使你输入的字符串中的首字母、指定index位置字母以及指定的字母全部大写。
方法原型:
function (input, capitalize_index, specified_char)
完整的示例代码:
1 <!DOCTYPE> 2 <html> 3 <head> 4 <script src="/Scripts/angular.js"></script> 5 <script type="text/javascript"> 6 (function () { 7 var app = angular.module('ngCustomFilterTest', []); 8 9 app.filter('capitalize_as_you_want', function () { 10 return function (input, capitalize_index, specified_char) { 11 input = input || ''; 12 var output = ''; 13 14 var customCapIndex = capitalize_index || -1; 15 16 var specifiedChar = specified_char || ''; 17 18 for (var i = 0; i < input.length; i++) { 19 // 首字母肯定是大写的, 指定的index的字母也大写 20 if (i === 0 || i === customCapIndex) { 21 output += input[i].toUpperCase(); 22 } 23 else { 24 // 指定的字母也大写 25 if (specified_char != '' && input[i] === specified_char) { 26 output += input[i].toUpperCase(); 27 } 28 else { 29 output += input[i]; 30 } 31 } 32 } 33 34 return output; 35 }; 36 }); 37 38 })(); 39 </script> 40 </head> 41 <body ng-app="ngCustomFilterTest"> 42 <input ng-model="yourinput" type="text"> 43 <br /> 44 Result: {{ yourinput | capitalize_as_you_want:3:'b' }} 45 </body> 46 </html>
好了,本篇讲了AngularJS中的Filter,看完这篇后,我们可以利用好Filter非常方便的使数据能按我们的要求进行展示,从而使页面变得更生动。
参考资料
AngularJS官方文档:https://docs.angularjs.org/guide/filter
CodeSchool快速入门视频:http://campus.codeschool.com/courses/shaping-up-with-angular-js/intro
Fun with AngularJS filter: http://sarahbranon.com/post/69604997957/fun-with-angularjs-filters-part-1-the-filter