Python开发【第十二篇】：DOM
文档对象模型（Document Object Model，DOM）是一种用于HTML和XML文档的编程接口。它给文档提供了一种结构化的表示方法，可以改变文档的内容和呈现方式。我们最为关心的是，DOM把网页和脚本以及其他的编程语言联系了起来。DOM属于浏览器，而不是JavaScript语言规范里的规定的核心内容。
一、查找元素
1、直接查找
document.getElementById 根据ID获取一个标签 document.getElementsByName 根据name属性获取标签集合 document.getElementsByClassName 根据class属性获取标签集合 document.getElementsByTagName 根据标签名获取标签集合
2、间接查找
parentNode // 父节点 childNodes // 所有子节点 firstChild // 第一个子节点 lastChild // 最后一个子节点 nextSibling // 下一个兄弟节点 previousSibling // 上一个兄弟节点 parentElement // 父节点标签元素 children // 所有子标签 firstElementChild // 第一个子标签元素 lastElementChild // 最后一个子标签元素 nextElementtSibling // 下一个兄弟标签元素 previousElementSibling // 上一个兄弟标签元素
二、操作
1、内容
innerText 文本 outerText innerHTML HTML内容 innerHTML value 值
2、属性
attributes // 获取所有标签属性
setAttribute(key,value) // 设置标签属性
getAttribute(key) // 获取指定标签属性
/*
var atr = document.createAttribute("class");
atr.nodeValue="democlass";
document.getElementById('n1').setAttributeNode(atr);
*/
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <input type="button" value="全选" onclick="CheckAll();"/> <input type="button" value="取消" onclick="CancelAll();"/> <input type="button" value="反选" onclick="ReverseCheck();"/> <table border="1" > <thead> </thead> <tbody id="tb"> <tr> <td><input type="checkbox" /></td> <td>111</td> <td>222</td> </tr> <tr> <td><input type="checkbox" /></td> <td>111</td> <td>222</td> </tr> <tr> <td><input type="checkbox" /></td> <td>111</td> <td>222</td> </tr> <tr> <td><input type="checkbox" /></td> <td>111</td> <td>222</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <script> function CheckAll(ths){ var tb = document.getElementById('tb'); var trs = tb.childNodes; for(var i =0; i<trs.length; i++){ var current_tr = trs[i]; if(current_tr.nodeType==1){ var inp = current_tr.firstElementChild.getElementsByTagName('input')[0]; inp.checked = true; } } } function CancelAll(ths){ var tb = document.getElementById('tb'); var trs = tb.childNodes; for(var i =0; i<trs.length; i++){ var current_tr = trs[i]; if(current_tr.nodeType==1){ var inp = current_tr.firstElementChild.getElementsByTagName('input')[0]; inp.checked = false; } } } function ReverseCheck(ths){ var tb = document.getElementById('tb'); var trs = tb.childNodes; for(var i =0; i<trs.length; i++){ var current_tr = trs[i]; if(current_tr.nodeType==1){ var inp = current_tr.firstElementChild.getElementsByTagName('input')[0]; if(inp.checked){ inp.checked = false; }else{ inp.checked = true; } } } } </script> </body> </html>
3、class操作
className // 获取所有类名 classList.remove(cls) // 删除指定类 classList.add(cls) // 添加类
4、标签操作
a.创建标签
// 方式一
var tag = document.createElement('a')
tag.innerText = "wupeiqi"
tag.className = "c1"
tag.href = "http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi"
// 方式二
var tag = "<a class='c1' href='http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi'>wupeiqi</a>"
b.操作标签
// 方式一
var obj = "<input type='text' />";
xxx.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeEnd",obj);
xxx.insertAdjacentElement('afterBegin',document.createElement('p'))
//注意：第一个参数只能是'beforeBegin'、 'afterBegin'、 'beforeEnd'、 'afterEnd'
// 方式二
var tag = document.createElement('a')
xxx.appendChild(tag)
xxx.insertBefore(tag,xxx[1])
5、样式操作
var obj = document.getElementById('i1')
obj.style.fontSize = "32px";
obj.style.backgroundColor = "red";
<input onfocus="Focus(this);" onblur="Blur(this);" id="search" value="请输入关键字" style="color: gray;" /> <script> function Focus(ths){ ths.style.color = "black"; if(ths.value == '请输入关键字' || ths.value.trim() == ""){ ths.value = ""; } } function Blur(ths){ if(ths.value.trim() == ""){ ths.value = '请输入关键字'; ths.style.color = 'gray'; }else{ ths.style.color = "black"; } } </script>
6、位置操作
总文档高度
document.documentElement.offsetHeight
当前文档占屏幕高度
document.documentElement.clientHeight
自身高度
tag.offsetHeight
距离上级定位高度
tag.offsetTop
父定位标签
tag.offsetParent
滚动高度
tag.scrollTop
/*
clientHeight -> 可见区域：height + padding
clientTop -> border高度
offsetHeight -> 可见区域：height + padding + border
offsetTop -> 上级定位标签的高度
scrollHeight -> 全文高：height + padding
scrollTop -> 滚动高度
特别的：
document.documentElement代指文档根节点
*/
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body style="margin: 0;"> <div style="height: 900px;"> </div> <div style="padding: 10px;"> <div id="i1" style="height:190px;padding: 2px;border: 1px solid red;margin: 8px;"> <p>asdf</p> <p>asdf</p> <p>asdf</p> <p>asdf</p> <p>asdf</p> </div> </div> <script> var i1 = document.getElementById('i1'); console.log(i1.clientHeight); // 可见区域：height + padding console.log(i1.clientTop); // border高度 console.log('====='); console.log(i1.offsetHeight); // 可见区域：height + padding + border console.log(i1.offsetTop); // 上级定位标签的高度 console.log('====='); console.log(i1.scrollHeight); //全文高：height + padding console.log(i1.scrollTop); // 滚动高度 console.log('====='); </script> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <style> body{ margin: 0px; } img { border: 0; } ul{ padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; } .clearfix:after { content: "."; display: block; height: 0; clear: both; visibility: hidden; } .wrap{ width: 980px; margin: 0 auto; } .pg-header{ background-color: #303a40; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); } .pg-header .logo{ float: left; padding:5px 10px 5px 0px; } .pg-header .logo img{ vertical-align: middle; width: 110px; height: 40px; } .pg-header .nav{ line-height: 50px; } .pg-header .nav ul li{ float: left; } .pg-header .nav ul li a{ display: block; color: #ccc; padding: 0 20px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14px; } .pg-header .nav ul li a:hover{ color: #fff; background-color: #425a66; } .pg-body{ } .pg-body .catalog{ position: absolute; top:60px; width: 200px; background-color: #fafafa; bottom: 0px; } .pg-body .catalog.fixed{ position: fixed; top:10px; } .pg-body .catalog .catalog-item.active{ color: #fff; background-color: #425a66; } .pg-body .content{ position: absolute; top:60px; width: 700px; margin-left: 210px; background-color: #fafafa; overflow: auto; } .pg-body .content .section{ height: 500px; } </style> <body onscroll="ScrollEvent();"> <div class="pg-header"> <div class="wrap clearfix"> <div class="logo"> <a href="#"> <img src="http://core.pc.lietou-static.com/revs/images/common/logo_7012c4a4.pn"> </a> </div> <div class="nav"> <ul> <li> <a href="#">首页</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">功能一</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">功能二</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pg-body"> <div class="wrap"> <div class="catalog"> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function1"><a>第1张</a></div> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function2"><a>第2张</a></div> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function3"><a>第3张</a></div> </div> <div class="content"> <div menu="function1" class="section"> <h1>第一章</h1> </div> <div menu="function2" class="section"> <h1>第二章</h1> </div> <div menu="function3" class="section"> <h1>第三章</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> function ScrollEvent(){ var bodyScrollTop = document.body.scrollTop; if(bodyScrollTop>50){ document.getElementsByClassName('catalog')[0].classList.add('fixed'); }else{ document.getElementsByClassName('catalog')[0].classList.remove('fixed'); } } </script> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <style> body{ margin: 0px; } img { border: 0; } ul{ padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; } h1{ padding: 0; margin: 0; } .clearfix:after { content: "."; display: block; height: 0; clear: both; visibility: hidden; } .wrap{ width: 980px; margin: 0 auto; } .pg-header{ background-color: #303a40; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); } .pg-header .logo{ float: left; padding:5px 10px 5px 0px; } .pg-header .logo img{ vertical-align: middle; width: 110px; height: 40px; } .pg-header .nav{ line-height: 50px; } .pg-header .nav ul li{ float: left; } .pg-header .nav ul li a{ display: block; color: #ccc; padding: 0 20px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14px; } .pg-header .nav ul li a:hover{ color: #fff; background-color: #425a66; } .pg-body{ } .pg-body .catalog{ position: absolute; top:60px; width: 200px; background-color: #fafafa; bottom: 0px; } .pg-body .catalog.fixed{ position: fixed; top:10px; } .pg-body .catalog .catalog-item.active{ color: #fff; background-color: #425a66; } .pg-body .content{ position: absolute; top:60px; width: 700px; margin-left: 210px; background-color: #fafafa; overflow: auto; } .pg-body .content .section{ height: 500px; border: 1px solid red; } </style> <body onscroll="ScrollEvent();"> <div class="pg-header"> <div class="wrap clearfix"> <div class="logo"> <a href="#"> <img src="http://core.pc.lietou-static.com/revs/images/common/logo_7012c4a4.pn"> </a> </div> <div class="nav"> <ul> <li> <a href="#">首页</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">功能一</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">功能二</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pg-body"> <div class="wrap"> <div class="catalog" id="catalog"> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function1"><a>第1张</a></div> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function2"><a>第2张</a></div> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function3"><a>第3张</a></div> </div> <div class="content" id="content"> <div menu="function1" class="section"> <h1>第一章</h1> </div> <div menu="function2" class="section"> <h1>第二章</h1> </div> <div menu="function3" class="section"> <h1>第三章</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> function ScrollEvent(){ var bodyScrollTop = document.body.scrollTop; if(bodyScrollTop>50){ document.getElementsByClassName('catalog')[0].classList.add('fixed'); }else{ document.getElementsByClassName('catalog')[0].classList.remove('fixed'); } var content = document.getElementById('content'); var sections = content.children; for(var i=0;i<sections.length;i++){ var current_section = sections[i]; // 当前标签距离顶部绝对高度 var scOffTop = current_section.offsetTop + 60; // 当前标签距离顶部，相对高度 var offTop = scOffTop - bodyScrollTop; // 当前标签高度 var height = current_section.scrollHeight; if(offTop<0 && -offTop < height){ // 当前标签添加active // 其他移除 active var menus = document.getElementById('catalog').children; var current_menu = menus[i]; current_menu.classList.add('active'); for(var j=0;j<menus.length;j++){ if(menus[j] == current_menu){ }else{ menus[j].classList.remove('active'); } } break; } } } </script> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <style> body{ margin: 0px; } img { border: 0; } ul{ padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; } h1{ padding: 0; margin: 0; } .clearfix:after { content: "."; display: block; height: 0; clear: both; visibility: hidden; } .wrap{ width: 980px; margin: 0 auto; } .pg-header{ background-color: #303a40; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); } .pg-header .logo{ float: left; padding:5px 10px 5px 0px; } .pg-header .logo img{ vertical-align: middle; width: 110px; height: 40px; } .pg-header .nav{ line-height: 50px; } .pg-header .nav ul li{ float: left; } .pg-header .nav ul li a{ display: block; color: #ccc; padding: 0 20px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14px; } .pg-header .nav ul li a:hover{ color: #fff; background-color: #425a66; } .pg-body{ } .pg-body .catalog{ position: absolute; top:60px; width: 200px; background-color: #fafafa; bottom: 0px; } .pg-body .catalog.fixed{ position: fixed; top:10px; } .pg-body .catalog .catalog-item.active{ color: #fff; background-color: #425a66; } .pg-body .content{ position: absolute; top:60px; width: 700px; margin-left: 210px; background-color: #fafafa; overflow: auto; } .pg-body .content .section{ height: 500px; border: 1px solid red; } </style> <body onscroll="ScrollEvent();"> <div class="pg-header"> <div class="wrap clearfix"> <div class="logo"> <a href="#"> <img src="http://core.pc.lietou-static.com/revs/images/common/logo_7012c4a4.pn"> </a> </div> <div class="nav"> <ul> <li> <a href="#">首页</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">功能一</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">功能二</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pg-body"> <div class="wrap"> <div class="catalog" id="catalog"> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function1"><a>第1张</a></div> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function2"><a>第2张</a></div> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function3"><a>第3张</a></div> </div> <div class="content" id="content"> <div menu="function1" class="section"> <h1>第一章</h1> </div> <div menu="function2" class="section"> <h1>第二章</h1> </div> <div menu="function3" class="section" style="height: 200px;"> <h1>第三章</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> function ScrollEvent(){ var bodyScrollTop = document.body.scrollTop; if(bodyScrollTop>50){ document.getElementsByClassName('catalog')[0].classList.add('fixed'); }else{ document.getElementsByClassName('catalog')[0].classList.remove('fixed'); } var content = document.getElementById('content'); var sections = content.children; for(var i=0;i<sections.length;i++){ var current_section = sections[i]; // 当前标签距离顶部绝对高度 var scOffTop = current_section.offsetTop + 60; // 当前标签距离顶部，相对高度 var offTop = scOffTop - bodyScrollTop; // 当前标签高度 var height = current_section.scrollHeight; if(offTop<0 && -offTop < height){ // 当前标签添加active // 其他移除 active // 如果已经到底部，现实第三个菜单 // 文档高度 ＝ 滚动高度 + 视口高度 var a = document.getElementsByClassName('content')[0].offsetHeight + 60; var b = bodyScrollTop + document.documentElement.clientHeight; console.log(a+60,b); if(a == b){ var menus = document.getElementById('catalog').children; var current_menu = document.getElementById('catalog').lastElementChild; current_menu.classList.add('active'); for(var j=0;j<menus.length;j++){ if(menus[j] == current_menu){ }else{ menus[j].classList.remove('active'); } } }else{ var menus = document.getElementById('catalog').children; var current_menu = menus[i]; current_menu.classList.add('active'); for(var j=0;j<menus.length;j++){ if(menus[j] == current_menu){ }else{ menus[j].classList.remove('active'); } } } break; } } } </script> </body> </html>
7、提交表单
document.geElementById('form').submit()
8、其他操作
console.log 输出框 alert 弹出框 confirm 确认框 // URL和刷新 location.href 获取URL location.href = "url" 重定向 location.reload() 重新加载 // 定时器 setInterval 多次定时器 clearInterval 清除多次定时器 setTimeout 单次定时器 clearTimeout 清除单次定时器
三、事件
对于事件需要注意的要点：
- this
- event
- 事件链以及跳出
this标签当前正在操作的标签，event封装了当前事件的内容。
实例：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8' />
<title></title>
<style>
.gray{
color:gray;
}
.black{
color:black;
}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
function Enter(){
var id= document.getElementById("tip")
id.className = 'black';
if(id.value=='请输入关键字'||id.value.trim()==''){
id.value = ''
}
}
function Leave(){
var id= document.getElementById("tip")
var val = id.value;
if(val.length==0||id.value.trim()==''){
id.value = '请输入关键字'
id.className = 'gray';
}else{
id.className = 'black';
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input type='text' class='gray' id='tip' value='请输入关键字' onfocus='Enter();' onblur='Leave();'/>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8' >
<title>欢迎blue shit莅临指导 </title>
<script type='text/javascript'>
function Go(){
var content = document.title;
var firstChar = content.charAt(0)
var sub = content.substring(1,content.length)
document.title = sub + firstChar;
}
setInterval('Go()',1000);
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
