ElasticSearch 拼音分词器（上）

拼音分词环境准备

找到和ElasticSearch版本相同的ik分词器和拼音分词器ElasticSearch的plugins目录下。

ElasticSearch 插件链接  http://dl.elasticsearch.cn/elasticsearch-plugins/

重启ElasticSearch。

 

拼音分词属性简介

属性说明
keep_first_letter 启用此选项时，例如：刘德华> ldh，默认值：true
keep_separate_first_letter 启用该选项时，将保留第一个字母分开，例如：刘德华> l，d，h，默认：false，注意：查询结果也许是太模糊，由于长期过频
limit_first_letter_length 设置first_letter结果的最大长度，默认值：16
keep_full_pinyin 当启用该选项，例如：刘德华> [ liu，de，hua]，默认值：true
keep_joined_full_pinyin 当启用此选项时，例如：刘德华> [ liudehua]，默认值：false
keep_none_chinese 在结果中保留非中文字母或数字，默认值：true
keep_none_chinese_together 保持非中国信一起，默认值：true，如：DJ音乐家- > DJ，yin，yue，jia，当设置为false，例如：DJ音乐家- > D，J，yin，yue，jia，注意：keep_none_chinese必须先启动
keep_none_chinese_in_first_letter 第一个字母保持非中文字母，例如：刘德华AT2016- > ldhat2016，默认值：true
keep_none_chinese_in_joined_full_pinyin 保留非中文字母加入完整拼音，例如：刘德华2016- > liudehua2016，默认：false
none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize 打破非中国信成单独的拼音项，如果他们拼音，默认值：true，如：liudehuaalibaba13zhuanghan- > liu，de，hua，a，li，ba，ba，13，zhuang，han，注意：keep_none_chinese和keep_none_chinese_together应首先启用
keep_original 当启用此选项时，也会保留原始输入，默认值：false
lowercase 小写非中文字母，默认值：true
trim_whitespace 默认值：true
remove_duplicated_term 当启用此选项时，将删除重复项以保存索引，例如：de的> de，默认值：false，注意：位置相关查询可能受影响

接下来，我们一个一个来尝试，看看每一个属性具体代表什么意思。

创建一个索引，使用三个分词器。

{
  "index": {
    "number_of_shards": 5,
    "number_of_replicas": 0,
    "max_result_window": 100000000,
    "analysis": {
      "analyzer": {
        "pinyin_analyzer_keyword": {
          "tokenizer": "keyword",
          "filter": "my_pinyin"
        },
        "pinyin_analyzer_ik_smart": {
          "tokenizer": "ik_smart",
          "filter": "my_pinyin"
        },
        "pinyin_analyzer_ik_max": {
          "tokenizer": "ik_max_word",
          "filter": "my_pinyin"
        }
      },
      "filter": {
        "my_pinyin": {
          "type": "pinyin",
          "keep_first_letter": "false",
          "keep_separate_first_letter": "false",
          "keep_full_pinyin": "false",
          "keep_joined_full_pinyin": "false",
          "keep_none_chinese": "false",
          "keep_none_chinese_together": "false",
          "keep_none_chinese_in_first_letter": "false",
          "keep_none_chinese_in_joined_full_pinyin": "false",
          "none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize": "false",
          "keep_original": "false",
          "lowercase": "false",
          "trim_whitespace": "false",
          "remove_duplicated_term": "false"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

先看一下keyword、ik_smart、ik_max_word对“我们都是中国人。”的分词结果

{
"tokens": [
{
"token": "我们都是中国人。",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 8,
"type": "word",
"position": 0
}
]
}
keyword
{
"tokens": [
{
"token": "我们",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 0
}
,
{
"token": "都是",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 1
}
,
{
"token": "中国人",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 2
}
]
}
ik_smart
{
"tokens": [
{
"token": "我们",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 0
}
,
{
"token": "我",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 1,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 1
}
,
{
"token": "们",
"start_offset": 1,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 2
}
,
{
"token": "都是",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 3
}
,
{
"token": "都",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 3,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 4
}
,
{
"token": "是",
"start_offset": 3,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 5
}
,
{
"token": "中国人",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 6
}
,
{
"token": "中国",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 6,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 7
}
,
{
"token": "中",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 5,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 8
}
,
{
"token": "国人",
"start_offset": 5,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 9
}
,
{
"token": "国",
"start_offset": 5,
"end_offset": 6,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 10
}
,
{
"token": "人",
"start_offset": 6,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 11
}
]
}
ik_max_word

 

首先，全部都设置为false。

使用3个分词器拆分一句话“我们都是中国人。”

 

报错了，提示keep_separate_first_letter，keep_first_letter，keep_full_pinyin至少需要有一个为true。

好的，那就先分别把这三个改为true进行测试。

keep_separate_first_letter=true

三个分词结果如下

{
"tokens": [
{
"token": "w",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 8,
"type": "word",
"position": 0
}
,
{
"token": "m",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 8,
"type": "word",
"position": 1
}
,
{
"token": "d",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 8,
"type": "word",
"position": 2
}
,
{
"token": "s",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 8,
"type": "word",
"position": 3
}
,
{
"token": "z",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 8,
"type": "word",
"position": 4
}
,
{
"token": "g",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 8,
"type": "word",
"position": 5
}
,
{
"token": "r",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 8,
"type": "word",
"position": 6
}
]
}
pinyin_analyzer_keyword
{
"tokens": [
{
"token": "w",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 0
}
,
{
"token": "m",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 1
}
,
{
"token": "d",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 2
}
,
{
"token": "s",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 3
}
,
{
"token": "z",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 4
}
,
{
"token": "g",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 5
}
,
{
"token": "r",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 6
}
]
}
pinyin_analyzer_ik_smart
{
"tokens": [
{
"token": "w",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 0
}
,
{
"token": "m",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 1
}
,
{
"token": "w",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 1,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 2
}
,
{
"token": "m",
"start_offset": 1,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 3
}
,
{
"token": "d",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 4
}
,
{
"token": "s",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 5
}
,
{
"token": "d",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 3,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 6
}
,
{
"token": "s",
"start_offset": 3,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 7
}
,
{
"token": "z",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 8
}
,
{
"token": "g",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 9
}
,
{
"token": "r",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 10
}
,
{
"token": "z",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 6,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 11
}
,
{
"token": "g",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 6,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 12
}
,
{
"token": "z",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 5,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 13
}
,
{
"token": "g",
"start_offset": 5,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 14
}
,
{
"token": "r",
"start_offset": 5,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 15
}
,
{
"token": "g",
"start_offset": 5,
"end_offset": 6,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 16
}
,
{
"token": "r",
"start_offset": 6,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 17
}
]
}
pinyin_analyzer_ik_max

 

可以看到，结果是先根据tokenizer进行分词，然后对分词结果再进行拼音处理。

我们使用分词结果里面的任意一个结果都可以匹配到“我们都是中国人。”这句话。查询结果相关度非常低，所以这个属性，个人建议使用默认值false。

 

keep_first_letter=true,其余值均为false

分词结果如下

{
"tokens": [
{
"token": "wmdszgr",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 8,
"type": "word",
"position": 0
}
]
}
pinyin_analyzer_keyword
{
"tokens": [
{
"token": "wm",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 0
}
,
{
"token": "ds",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 1
}
,
{
"token": "zgr",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 2
}
]
}
pinyin_analyzer_ik_smart
{
"tokens": [
{
"token": "wm",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 0
}
,
{
"token": "w",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 1,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 1
}
,
{
"token": "m",
"start_offset": 1,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 2
}
,
{
"token": "ds",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 3
}
,
{
"token": "d",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 3,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 4
}
,
{
"token": "s",
"start_offset": 3,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 5
}
,
{
"token": "zgr",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 6
}
,
{
"token": "zg",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 6,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 7
}
,
{
"token": "z",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 5,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 8
}
,
{
"token": "gr",
"start_offset": 5,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 9
}
,
{
"token": "g",
"start_offset": 5,
"end_offset": 6,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 10
}
,
{
"token": "r",
"start_offset": 6,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 11
}
]
}
pinyin_analyzer_ik_max

通过结果可以看出，keep_first_letter的功能是将分词结果的首字母提取出来，形成最终结果。

 

keep_full_pinyin=true,其余值均为false的情况。

{
"tokens": [
{
"token": "wo",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 8,
"type": "word",
"position": 0
}
,
{
"token": "men",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 8,
"type": "word",
"position": 1
}
,
{
"token": "dou",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 8,
"type": "word",
"position": 2
}
,
{
"token": "shi",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 8,
"type": "word",
"position": 3
}
,
{
"token": "zhong",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 8,
"type": "word",
"position": 4
}
,
{
"token": "guo",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 8,
"type": "word",
"position": 5
}
,
{
"token": "ren",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 8,
"type": "word",
"position": 6
}
]
}
pinyin_analyzer_keyword
{
"tokens": [
{
"token": "wo",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 0
}
,
{
"token": "men",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 1
}
,
{
"token": "dou",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 2
}
,
{
"token": "shi",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 3
}
,
{
"token": "zhong",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 4
}
,
{
"token": "guo",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 5
}
,
{
"token": "ren",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 6
}
]
}
pinyin_analyzer_ik_smart
{
"tokens": [
{
"token": "wo",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 0
}
,
{
"token": "men",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 1
}
,
{
"token": "wo",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 1,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 2
}
,
{
"token": "men",
"start_offset": 1,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 3
}
,
{
"token": "dou",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 4
}
,
{
"token": "shi",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 5
}
,
{
"token": "dou",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 3,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 6
}
,
{
"token": "shi",
"start_offset": 3,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 7
}
,
{
"token": "zhong",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 8
}
,
{
"token": "guo",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 9
}
,
{
"token": "ren",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 10
}
,
{
"token": "zhong",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 6,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 11
}
,
{
"token": "guo",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 6,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 12
}
,
{
"token": "zhong",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 5,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 13
}
,
{
"token": "guo",
"start_offset": 5,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 14
}
,
{
"token": "ren",
"start_offset": 5,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 15
}
,
{
"token": "guo",
"start_offset": 5,
"end_offset": 6,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 16
}
,
{
"token": "ren",
"start_offset": 6,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 17
}
]
}
pinyin_analyzer_ik_max

通过结果可以看出，kepp_full_pinyin是将分词结果的每一条数据都拆分成了单字的全拼。

 

根据这三个属性的说明，已经和分词器的匹配来看。

 

如果需要做首字母导航或简拼功能的话，可以使用keyword分词器，同时只需开启keep_first_letter属性。

 

以pinyin_analyzer_ik_smart的分词结果为例，开启keep_full_pinyin和keep_first_letter。

 

{
"tokens": [
{
"token": "wo",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 0
}
,
{
"token": "wm",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 0
}
,
{
"token": "men",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 1
}
,
{
"token": "dou",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 2
}
,
{
"token": "shi",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 3
}
,
{
"token": "ds",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 3
}
,
{
"token": "zhong",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 4
}
,
{
"token": "guo",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 5
}
,
{
"token": "ren",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 6
}
,
{
"token": "zgr",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 6
}
]
}
pinyin_analyzer_ik_smart

 

观察之后可以发现，分词结果里都是拼音，那在输入中文进行检索的时候，岂不是无法与分词结果匹配？

回顾一下上面的拼音属性，发现里面有一个 keep_original属性，他的说明是保留原始输入，那么开启他是不是就能保留中文的分词结果呢？话不多说，尝试一下。

设置keep_full_pinyin、keep_first_letter、keep_original为true，其余均为false。

{
"tokens": [
{
"token": "wo",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 0
}
,
{
"token": "men",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 1
}
,
{
"token": "我们",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 1
}
,
{
"token": "wm",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 1
}
,
{
"token": "dou",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 2
}
,
{
"token": "shi",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 3
}
,
{
"token": "都是",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 3
}
,
{
"token": "ds",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 3
}
,
{
"token": "zhong",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 4
}
,
{
"token": "guo",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 5
}
,
{
"token": "ren",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 6
}
,
{
"token": "中国人",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 6
}
,
{
"token": "zgr",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 6
}
]
}
pinyin_analyzer_ik_smart

果不其然，中文被保留了。

 

观察以上的分词结果，我们发现，这里面少了类似"women""womendoushzhongguoren"这样的的全拼。

那要如何把这个分词结果保留下来呢？

可以开启keep_joined_full_pinyin。

设置keep_full_pinyin、keep_first_letter、keep_original、keep_joined_full_pinyin为true，其余均为false。

{
"tokens": [
{
"token": "wo",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 0
}
,
{
"token": "我们",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 0
}
,
{
"token": "women",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 0
}
,
{
"token": "wm",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 0
}
,
{
"token": "men",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 1
}
,
{
"token": "dou",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 2
}
,
{
"token": "shi",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 3
}
,
{
"token": "都是",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 3
}
,
{
"token": "doushi",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 3
}
,
{
"token": "ds",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 3
}
,
{
"token": "zhong",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 4
}
,
{
"token": "guo",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 5
}
,
{
"token": "ren",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 6
}
,
{
"token": "中国人",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 6
}
,
{
"token": "zhongguoren",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 6
}
,
{
"token": "zgr",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 6
}
]
}
pinyin_analyzer_ik_smart

 

如此，

如果我们要实现全拼+简拼+中文检索的功能，可以使用合适的分词器，同时开启keep_first_letter，keep_full_pinyin，keep_original，keep_joined_full_pinyin属性。

如果我们要实现搜索提示（建议检索）的功能，可以使用keyword分词器，同时开启keep_first_letter，keep_original，keep_joined_full_pinyin属性。

{
"tokens": [
{
"token": "我们都是中国人。",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 8,
"type": "word",
"position": 0
}
,
{
"token": "womendoushizhongguoren",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 8,
"type": "word",
"position": 0
}
,
{
"token": "wmdszgr",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 8,
"type": "word",
"position": 0
}
]
}
pinyin_analyzer_keyword-搜索提示

 

posted @ 2021-07-14 14:50  代码羡  阅读(1347)  评论(1)  编辑  收藏  举报