PHP设计模式三：原型设计模式

一、什么是原型设计模式

　　原型设计模式使用一种克隆技术来复制实例化的对象，新对象是通过复制原型实例创建的。原型设计模式的目的是通过使用克隆以减少

实例化对象的开销。

　　在原型设计模式中，Client类是不可缺少的一部分。

　　PHP有一个内置的克隆方法__clone()可以在设计模式中使用，但是不能直接访问，使用clone关键字即可。克隆不会启动构造函数。

 

二、什么时候使用原型设计模式

　　如果一个项目要求你创建某个原型对象的多个实例，就可以使用原型设计模式。

 

三、原型设计模式实例

　　这里以现代企业组织为例：

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<?php /** *   原型设计模式 *                以现代企业组织为例 **/   //部门抽象类 abstract class IAcmePrototype {     protected $id;      //员工ID号     protected $name;    //员工名字     protected $dept;    //员工部门       //克隆方法     abstract function __clone();       //员工部门设置方法     abstract function setDept($orgCode);     //员工部门获取方法     public function getDept()     {         return $this->dept;     }       //员工ID号设置方法     public function setId($id)     {         $this->id = $id;     }     //员工ID号获取方法     public function getId()     {         return $this->id;     }       //员工名字设置方法     public function setName($name)     {         $this->name = $name;     }     //员工名字获取方法     public function getName()     {         return $this->name;     } }   //市场部类 class Marketing extends IAcmePrototype {     const UNIT = "Marketing";    //标识       //市场部门类别     private $sales = "sales";     private $promotion = "promotion";     private $strategic = "strategic planning";       //克隆函数     function __clone()     {     }       //部门设置函数     public function setDept($orgCode)     {         switch($orgCode)         {             case 101:                     $this->dept = $this->sales;                     break;             case 102:                     $this->dept = $this->promotion;                     break;             case 103:                     $this->dept = $this->strategic;                     break;             default:                     $this->dept = "Unrecognized Marketing";         }     } }   //管理部类 class Management extends IAcmePrototype {     const UNIT = "Management";     private $research = "research";     private $plan = "planning";     private $operations = "operations";       function __clone()     {     }       public function setDept($orgCode)     {         switch($orgCode)         {             case 201:                     $this->dept = $this->research;                     break;             case 202:                     $this->dept = $this->plan;                     break;             case 203:                     $this->dept = $this->operations;                     break;             default:                     $this->dept = "Unrecognized Marketing";         }     } }   //工厂部类 class Engineering extends IAcmePrototype {     const UNIT = "Engineering";     private $development = "programming";     private $design = "digital artwork";     private $sysAd = "system administration";       function __clone()     {     }       public function setDept($orgCode)     {         switch($orgCode)         {             case 301:                     $this->dept = $this->development;                     break;             case 302:                     $this->dept = $this->design;                     break;             case 303:                     $this->dept = $this->sysAd;                     break;             default:                     $this->dept = "Unrecognized Marketing";         }     } }   //客户类 class Client {     private $market;    //市场部类实例     private $manage;    //管理部类实例     private $engineer;  //工厂部类实例       //构造函数     public function __construct()     {         $this->makeConProto();           //市场部类实例克隆         $Tess = clone $this->market;         $this->setEmployee($Tess,"Tess Smith",101,"ts101-1234");         $this->showEmployee($Tess);           $Jacob = clone $this->market;         $this->setEmployee($Jacob,"Jacob Jones",102,"jj101-2234");         $this->showEmployee($Jacob);           //管理部类实例克隆         $Ricky = clone $this->manage;         $this->setEmployee($Ricky,"Ricky Rodrigues",203,"rr203-5634");         $this->showEmployee($Ricky);           //工程部类实例克隆         $Olivia = clone $this->engineer;         $this->setEmployee($Olivia,"Olivia perez",302,"op302-1278");         $this->showEmployee($Olivia);           $John = clone $this->engineer;         $this->setEmployee($John,"John Jackson",301,"jj301-1454");         $this->showEmployee($John);     }       //实例化部门对象     private function makeConProto()     {         $this->market = new Marketing();         $this->manage = new Management();         $this->engineer = new Engineering();     }       //员工信息设置方法     private function setEmployee(IAcmePrototype $employee,$name,$dept,$id)     {         $employee->setName($name);         $employee->setDept($dept);         $employee->setId($id);     }       //员工信息显示方法     private function showEmployee(IAcmePrototype $employee)     {         echo $employee->getName() . '<br />';         echo $employee->getDept() . ": " . $employee::UNIT . '<br />';         echo $employee->getId() . '<br />';     } }   $client = new Client(); ?>