PyTorch 数据并行处理
PyTorch 数据并行处理
可选择:数据并行处理(文末有完整代码下载)
本文将学习如何用 DataParallel 来使用多 GPU。 通过 PyTorch 使用多个 GPU 非常简单。可以将模型放在一个 GPU:
device = torch.device("cuda:0")
model.to(device)
然后,可以复制所有的张量到 GPU:
mytensor = my_tensor.to(device)
请注意,只是调用 my_tensor.to(device) 返回一个 my_tensor 新的复制在GPU上,而不是重写 my_tensor。需要分配一个新的张量并且在 GPU 上使用这个张量。
在多 GPU 中执行前馈,后馈操作是非常自然的。尽管如此,PyTorch 默认只会使用一个 GPU。通过使用 DataParallel 让你的模型并行运行,可以很容易的在多 GPU 上运行操作。
model = nn.DataParallel(model)
这是整个教程的核心,接下来将会详细讲解。 引用和参数
引入 PyTorch 模块和定义参数
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.data import Dataset, DataLoader
参数
input_size = 5
output_size = 2
batch_size = 30
data_size = 100
设备
device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
实验(玩具)数据
生成一个玩具数据。只需要实现 getitem.
class RandomDataset(Dataset):
def __init__(self, size, length):
self.len = length
self.data = torch.randn(length, size)
def __getitem__(self, index):
return self.data[index]
def __len__(self):
return self.len
rand_loader = DataLoader(dataset=RandomDataset(input_size, data_size),batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
简单模型
为了做一个小 demo,模型只是获得一个输入,执行一个线性操作,然后给一个输出。尽管如此,可以使用 DataParallel 在任何模型(CNN, RNN, Capsule Net 等等.)
放置了一个输出声明在模型中来检测输出和输入张量的大小。请注意在 batch rank 0 中的输出。
class Model(nn.Module):
# Our model
def __init__(self, input_size, output_size):
super(Model, self).__init__()
self.fc = nn.Linear(input_size, output_size)
def forward(self, input):
output = self.fc(input)
print("\tIn Model: input size", input.size(),
"output size", output.size())
return output
创建模型并且数据并行处理
这是整个教程的核心。首先需要一个模型的实例,然后验证是否有多个 GPU。如果有多个 GPU,可以用 nn.DataParallel 来 包裹模型。然后使用 model.to(device) 把模型放到多 GPU 中。
model = Model(input_size, output_size)
if torch.cuda.device_count() > 1:
print("Let's use", torch.cuda.device_count(), "GPUs!")
# dim = 0 [30, xxx] -> [10, ...], [10, ...], [10, ...] on 3 GPUs
model = nn.DataParallel(model)
model.to(device)
输出:
Let's use 2 GPUs!
运行模型: 现在可以看到输入和输出张量的大小了。
for data in rand_loader:
input = data.to(device)
output = model(input)
print("Outside: input size", input.size(),
"output_size", output.size())
输出:
In Model: input size torch.Size([15, 5]) output size torch.Size([15, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([15, 5]) output size torch.Size([15, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([15, 5]) output size torch.Size([15, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([15, 5]) output size torch.Size([15, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([15, 5]) output size torch.Size([15, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([15, 5]) output size torch.Size([15, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([5, 5]) output size torch.Size([5, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([5, 5]) output size torch.Size([5, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output_size torch.Size([10, 2])
结果:
如果没有 GPU 或者只有一个 GPU,当获取 30 个输入和 30 个输出,模型将期望获得 30 个输入和 30 个输出。但是如果有多个 GPU ,会获得这样的结果。
多 GPU
如果有 2 个GPU,会看到:
# on 2 GPUs
Let's use 2 GPUs!
In Model: input size torch.Size([15, 5]) output size torch.Size([15, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([15, 5]) output size torch.Size([15, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([15, 5]) output size torch.Size([15, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([15, 5]) output size torch.Size([15, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([15, 5]) output size torch.Size([15, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([15, 5]) output size torch.Size([15, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([5, 5]) output size torch.Size([5, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([5, 5]) output size torch.Size([5, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output_size torch.Size([10, 2])
如果有 3个GPU,会看到:
Let's use 3 GPUs!
In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output_size torch.Size([10, 2])
如果有 8个GPU,会看到:
Let's use 8 GPUs!
In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output_size torch.Size([10, 2])
总结
数据并行自动拆分了数据并且将任务单发送到多个 GPU 上。当每一个模型都完成自己的任务之后,DataParallel 收集并且合并这些结果,然后再返回。