学习 Haproxy (一)

 

haproxy是一个开源的、高性能的基于tcphttp应用代理的HA的、LB服务软件,它支持双机热备、HALB、虚拟主机、图形界面查看状态信息等功能,其配置简单、维护方便,而且后端RShealth check功能有很好的支持(相当于keepalivedhealth check),当它代理的后端RS server故障时,haproxy会自动将该server移除,当故障的RS server恢复后,还会自动加入进来继续提供服务;

nginx比,haproxy没有web server功能,只能用于代理,特别适用于高负载、访问量大,需要会话保持(LVS-pnginxiphash会导致负载不均;haproxy会在会话中插入cookie用以保持会话)及七层应用代理的业务;

haproxy运行在当下普通的server上,不需优化就可支持数以万计的并发连接,并且它的运行模式使得它可以很简单、轻松、安全的整合到各种已有的网站架构中,同时它的代理模式可使所有应用服务器不暴露到公网上(也即它背后的node server不需公网IP);

frontend(可用acl规则匹配,让运维管理人员根据任意HTTP请求头内容做规则匹配,然后把请求定向到相关的backend);

backend(定义多个RS server poolsfrontend把请求转过来交给此处定义的RS server处理);

通过frontendbackend可很容易的实现各种七层应用代理功能;

 

haproxy支持两种主要代理模式:

基于4层的tcp协议族应用代理(haproxy仅在clientserver-side之间进行流量转发,如邮件服务、内部协议通信serverMySQLhttps等);

基于7层的http应用代理(haproxy会分析应用层协议,通过允许、拒绝、交换、增加、修改、删除request请求或response回应指定内容来控制协议);

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注:haproxy软件采用的是类NAT模式(与LVSNAT模式本质不同),数据包来去都会经过haproxy,因此在流量特别大时(尤其门户网站),其效率不如LVSDR模式,在一般的中小型公司(千万级PV以下)建议使用haproxyLB,对于负责运维的管理人员来说配置简单、快速、维护方便,出问题好排查(运维使用软件的原则:简单、易用、高效);

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注:

架构中L4L7的位置;

haproxy软件的4tcp应用代理非常优秀,配置比LVSnginx简单、方便(不需要RS端做任何特殊配置,只要对应服务开启就可实现应用代理;配置语法和增加虚拟主机等功能要比LVSnginx容易;而且和商业版的NetScalerCitrix)、BIG-IPF5)、Thunder系列(A10)等LB硬件设备在架构中的位置和使用方法一模一样);

haproxy的最大优势在于对7层的URL请求头应用过滤的功能及session功能,在门户网站的高并发生产架构中,haproxy的位置一般在4LVS LB的下面,如官方推荐的也可在硬件LB器下使用,其表现非常好,09taobaojd的业务也大面积使用了haproxy作为7cache应用代理

 

 

准备环境:

proxy-1-1eth0:10.96.20.113eth1:172.16.10.113

proxy-1-2eth0:10.96.20.114eth1:172.16.10.114

RS1eth0:172.16.10.118

RS2eth0:172.16.10.119

[root@proxy-1-1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.5(Santiago)

[root@proxy-1-1 ~]# uname -rm

2.6.32-642.3.1.el6.x86_64 x86_64

[root@proxy-1-1 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

[root@proxy-1-1 ~]# sysctl -p

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route =0

kernel.sysrq = 0

kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

error:"net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables" is an unknown key

error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables"is an unknown key

error:"net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables" is an unknown key

kernel.msgmnb = 65536

kernel.msgmax = 65536

kernel.shmmax = 68719476736

kernel.shmall = 4294967296

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# elinks -dump http://172.16.10.118

  RS1

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# elinks -dump http://172.16.10.119

  RS2

 

[root@proxy-1-1 ~]# yum -y install haproxy

[root@proxy-1-1 ~]# rpm -ql haproxy

/etc/haproxy

/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg

/etc/logrotate.d/haproxy

/etc/rc.d/init.d/haproxy

/etc/sysconfig/haproxy

/usr/bin/halog

/usr/bin/iprange

/usr/sbin/haproxy

/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.4

/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.4/CHANGELOG

……

[root@proxy-1-1 ~]# id haproxy

uid=188(haproxy) gid=188(haproxy)groups=188(haproxy)

[root@proxy-1-1 ~]# haproxy -h   #-sf可用于平滑重启)

HA-Proxy version 1.5.4 2014/09/02

Copyright 2000-2014 Willy Tarreau<w@1wt.eu>

Usage : haproxy [-f <cfgfile>]* [ -vdVD ] [ -n <maxconn> ] [ -N <maxpconn> ]

       [ -p <pidfile> ] [ -m <max megs> ] [ -C <dir> ]

       -v displays version ; -vv shows known build options.

       -d enters debug mode ; -db only disables background mode.

       -dM[<byte>] poisons memory with <byte> (defaults to 0x50)

       -V enters verbose mode (disables quiet mode)

       -D goes daemon ; -C changes to<dir> before loading files.

       -q quiet mode : don't display messages

       -c check mode : only check config filesand exit

       -n sets the maximum total # of connections (2000)

       -m limits the usable amount of memory (in MB)

       -N sets the default, per-proxy maximum # of connections (2000)

       -L set local peer name (default to hostname)

       -p writes pids of all children to this file

       -de disables epoll() usage even when available

       -dp disables poll() usage even when available

       -dS disables splice usage (broken on old kernels)

       -dV disables SSL verify on servers side

       -sf/-st [pid ]* finishes/terminates oldpids. Must be last arguments.

[root@proxy-1-1 ~]# cd /etc/haproxy/

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# mv haproxy.cfg haproxy.cfg.ori

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# egrep -v "#|^$" haproxy.cfg.ori > haproxy.cfg

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# vim haproxy.cfg

global

    log         127.0.0.1:514local0 info   #info会记录访问日志,生产中不要用,要用warningerror

   chroot      /var/lib/haproxy

   pidfile     /var/run/haproxy.pid

    maxconn     204800   #(定义每个haproxy进程的最大连接数,每个连接包括clientserver-side,所以单个tcp会话最大数目是该值的两倍)

   user        haproxy

   group       haproxy

   daemon

   stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats

   spread-checks       3

   #tune.maxaccept     100

   #tune.maxpollevents 180

    #nbproc      8   #(设置haproxy启动时的进程数,最好与cpu数相同)

defaults

   mode                    http   #(语法:mode http|tcp|health

   log                     global

   option                  httplog

   option                 dontlognull

   option http-server-close

   option forwardfor       except 127.0.0.0/8

   option                  redispatch

   retries                 3

   timeout http-request    10s

   timeout queue           1m

   timeout connect         10s   #(设置成功连接到一台server的最长等待时间,默认单位ms可省,若非默认要跟单位,旧版本为contimeout

   timeout client          1m   #(设置连接client发送数据时的成功连接最长等待时间,旧版本为clitimeout

   timeout server          1m   #(设置服务端回应client数据发送的最长等待时间,旧版为srvtimeout

   timeout http-keep-alive 10s

   timeout check           10s

   maxconn                 3000

listen test

    bind       *:80

    mode        http

   no option splice-response

    stats      enable

    stats      hide-version

    stats      uri     /admin?stats

    stats      auth    admin:admin

    balance    roundrobin

   option      httpclose

   option      forwardfor

   #option     httpchk HEAD /check.html HTTP/1.0

   timeout connect     15s

   timeout server      15s

    server     web1    172.16.10.118:80 check

    server     web2    172.16.10.119:80 check

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf

$ModLoad imudp

$UDPServerRun 514

local0.*        /var/log/haproxy.log

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# vim /etc/sysconfig/rsyslog

SYSLOGD_OPTIONS="-c2 -m 0 -r -x"

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# service rsyslog restart

Shutting down system logger:                               [  OK  ]

Starting system logger:                                    [  OK  ]

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# lsof -i :514

COMMAND  PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME

rsyslogd 6526 root    3u IPv4  81287      0t0 UDP *:syslog

rsyslogd 6526 root    4u IPv6  81288      0t0 UDP *:syslog

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# ps aux | grepsyslog

root      6526  0.0  0.7 267752 1616 ?        Sl   22:00  0:00 /sbin/rsyslogd -i /var/run/syslogd.pid -c 2 -m 0 -r -x

root      6535  0.0  0.3 103264  836 pts/0    S+   22:00  0:00 grep syslog

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# haproxy -c -f haproxy.cfg

Configuration file is valid

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# service haproxy start

Starting haproxy:                                         [  OK  ]

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# chkconfig --list rsyslog

rsyslog             0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# chkconfig haproxy on

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# chkconfig --list haproxy

haproxy            0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# netstat -tnulp  | grep :80

tcp       0      0 0.0.0.0:80                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      6501/haproxy       

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# ps aux | grep haproxy

haproxy   6501  0.0  0.6 70696  1428 ?        Ss  21:58   0:00 /usr/sbin/haproxy -D-f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg -p /var/run/haproxy.pid

root      6551  0.0  0.3 103264  828 pts/0    S+   22:01  0:00 grep haproxy

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[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# tail /var/log/haproxy.log

Aug 14 22:02:29 127.0.0.1 haproxy[6501]:10.96.20.89:6109 [14/Aug/2016:22:02:29.645] test test/web2 0/0/1/0/1 200 270 -- ---- 2/2/0/0/0 0/0 "GET / HTTP/1.1"

Aug 14 22:03:12 127.0.0.1 haproxy[6501]:10.96.20.89:6114 [14/Aug/2016:22:03:12.597] test test/web1 1/0/0/1/2 200 270 -- ---- 2/2/0/0/0 0/0 "GET / HTTP/1.1"

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#for i in {1..10} ; do curl 10.96.20.113;sleep 2; done   #(单独找一台主机测试当前算法)

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haproxy多种health check方法:

1、基于tcphealth checkhaproxy只会去检查RS上服务对应的port,这并不能保证服务的完全可用,但这可作为辅助的检查手段,若不是非常严格的业务环境可用此种,keepalived向下的health check就是基于port

    server      web1    172.16.10.118:80 check port 80 inter 5000 fall 5

注:

check port 80(表示对80port进行health check,可简写为check

wKiom1e6Y5eS51l8AAAq2p0XW-0278.jpg

 

 

2、基于iphttp uri方式的health check

    option     httpchk HEAD /check.html HTTP/1.0

语法:option httpchk METH URI VER

method有:GETHEADGET相当于#wget http://10.96.20.113/check.htmlHEAD相当于#curl -I http://10.96.20.113/check.html

URI(站点目录下有check.html,此文件由开发提供)

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3、基于域名的URLhealth check

        option httpchk HEAD /index.jsp HTTP/1.1\r\nHost:test.51cto.com

注:测试时需要在RS上配置基于域名的vhost,并创建index.jsp测试页面,此文件只要存在haproxy能检测到则显示正常,适用于更精细的基于具体业务的检测需求

wKiom1e6Y6qg1uXfAAAu8ldqdFo942.jpg

 

注:其它服务的health check

  option smtpchk                         -> sends "HELO localhost"

  option smtpchk EHLO mail.mydomain.com  -> sends this ESMTP greeting

         option       ldap-check

         option       mysql-check     [user USERNAME]

 

 

语法:

         server <name> <address>[:port] [settings ...]

         default-server [settings ...]

settings有:

check

inter <delay>interval间隔,表示每5秒检查一次)

fall <count>(失败5次,仍有问题将其摘除)

rise <count>(检查后端RS2次若正常,则将其加入进来)

weight <weight>

backup(高可用参数,仅当其它所有RS都挂掉有此参数的备机才启用;当有多个备机,可用option allbackups,当其它所有RS都挂掉,所有备机全部启用;最理想的情况是,有一个nomal RS server故障就启用一个备机,而不是等所有nomal RS server全部挂掉才启用备机,解决办法,使用acl做判断)

maxconn <maxconn>

maxqueue <maxqueue>

cookie <value>

注:

 

若结尾无inter 2000 fall 3,则按默认每2s检查一次共3次;

nginx中的upstream段中也有类似的配置;max_fails=2,最大尝试失败次数,默认为10表示禁止失败尝试;fail_timeout=2

七层架构中,相对于server,越靠外(离用户近)health check次数越多(例如:CDN提供商蓝汛10次);越靠内(server自身)health check次数越少,提升用户体验,按2s检查一次共3次,则要耗费6s才能把出问题的RS踢掉;

举例:

option allbackups

server       web7        172.16.10.7:80 check port 80 inter 5000 fall 5 backup

server       web8        172.16.10.8:80 check port 80 inter 5000 fall 5 backup

 

 

基于域名中的指定字串做7层跳转(在frontend段中使用acl做更精细的转发):

语法:

   acl <aclname> <criterion> [flags] [operator] [<value>] ...

注:frontend段中,acl先定义好规则,再用use_backenddefault_backend对规则进行处理;hdr(host)hdr_beg(host)begin-iignorecase

举例:

    acl    www_domain  hdr(host)-i       www.test.com

    acl blog_domain       hdr(host)-i       blog.test.com

也可写成:

    acl www_domain      hdr_beg(host)   -i      www.

    acl blog_domain     hdr_beg(host)   -i      blog.

 

将后端两个RS做成基于域名的虚拟主机:

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# vim /etc/hosts

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# elinks -dump www.test.com

   www.test.com

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# elinks -dump blog.test.com

   blog.test.com

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# elinks -dump 172.16.10.118

   www.test.com

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# elinks -dump 172.16.10.119

   blog.test.com

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# vim haproxy.cfg

global

    log         127.0.0.1:514 local0 info

    chroot      /var/lib/haproxy

    pidfile     /var/run/haproxy.pid

    maxconn     204800

    user        haproxy

    group       haproxy

    daemon

    stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats

    spread-checks3

    #tune.maxaccept    100

    #tune.maxpollevents       180

    #nbproc   8

defaults

    mode                    http

    log                     global

    option                  httplog

    option                  dontlognull

    option http-server-close

    option forwardfor       except 127.0.0.0/8

    option                  redispatch

    retries                 3

    timeout http-request    10s

    timeout queue           1m

    timeout connect         10s

    timeout client          1m

    timeout server          1m

    timeout http-keep-alive 10s

    timeout check           10s

    maxconn                 3000

frontend test

    bind*:80

    mode        http

    stats         enable

    stats         hide-version

    stats         uri    /admin?stats

    stats         authadmin:admin

    acl    www_domain  hdr(host)-i       www.test.com

    acl blog_domain       hdr(host)-i       blog.test.com

    use_backend   www         if www_domain

    use_backend   blogif blog_domain

    default_backend      www

backend www

    balance    leastconn

    option       httpclose

    option       forwardfor

    server       web1        172.16.10.118:80 check port 80 inter 1000 fall 1

backend blog

    balance    leastconn

    option       httpclose

    option       forwardfor

    server       web1        172.16.10.119:80 check port 80 inter 1000 fall 1

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# haproxy -c -f haproxy.cfg

Configuration file is valid

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# service haproxy restart

Stopping haproxy:                                          [  OK  ]

Starting haproxy:                                          [  OK  ]

 

winHOSTS文件加入:10.96.20.113   www.test.com         blog.test.com

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ctrl+F5强制刷新后依然

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基于url地址目录做7层跳转:

    acl static_test     path_beg        /nginx/

    acl dynamic_test    path_beg        /php/

注:例如在访问www.test.com/nginx/时交至后端nginxpools处理;访问www.test.com/php/时交至后端phppools处理

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# vim haproxy.cfg

global

……

defaults

 

……

frontend test

    bind        *:80

    mode        http

    stats       enable

    stats       hide-version

    stats       uri     /admin?stats

    stats       auth    admin:admin

    acl static_test     path_beg        /nginx/

    acl dynamic_test    path_beg        /php/

    use_backend www     if      static_test

    use_backend blog    if      dynamic_test

    default_backend     www

backend www

    balance     leastconn

    option      httpclose

    option      forwardfor

    server      web1    172.16.10.118:80 check port 80 inter 1000 fall 1

backend blog

    balance     leastconn

    option      httpclose

    option      forwardfor

    server      web1    172.16.10.118:80 check port 80 inter 1000 fall 1

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# haproxy -c -f haproxy.cfg

Configuration file is valid

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# service haproxy restart

Stopping haproxy:                                          [  OK  ]

Starting haproxy:                                          [  OK  ]

wKiom1e6ZDzAHKp-AAA0EFHqk1Q461.jpg

注:在RS上创建相应的目录及文件

 

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基于文件扩展名的7层跳转:

    acl pic_test        path_end        .gif .png .jpg .css .js

也可写成:

    acl pic_test        path_end        \.(gif|png|jpg|css?.*|js?.*)$

注:生产中通常,首页index.html用一组serverphpjava等动态内容用一组serverjscss等静态内容用一组server;图片用一组server;通常打开网页是由多组server共同完成

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# vim haproxy.cfg

……

frontend test

    bind        *:80

    mode        http

    stats       enable

    stats       hide-version

    stats       uri     /admin?stats

    stats       auth    admin:admin

    acl pic_test        path_end        .gif .png .jpg .css .js

    acl static_test     path_beg        /nginx/

    acl dynamic_test    path_beg        /php/

    use_backend www     if      pic_test

    use_backend www     if      static_test

    use_backend blog    if      dynamic_test

    default_backend     www

backend www

    balance     leastconn

    option      httpclose

    option      forwardfor

    server      web1    172.16.10.118:80 check port 80 inter 1000 fall 1

backend blog

    balance     leastconn

    option      httpclose

    option      forwardfor

    server      web1    172.16.10.118:80 check port 80 inter 1000 fall 1

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# haproxy -c -f haproxy.cfg

Configuration file is valid

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# service haproxy restart

Stopping haproxy:                                          [  OK  ]

 

Starting haproxy:                                          [  OK  ]

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注:在RS-side上传图片

测试:

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基于user-aggent7层跳转:

    acl iphone_users    hdr_sub(user-agent)     -i      iphone

    redirect    prefix  http://3g-iphone.test.com       if      iphone_users

    acl android_users   hdr_sub(user-agent)     -i      android

    redirect    prefix  http://3g-android.test.com      if      android_users

注:本地要设置跳转后的地址页面;nginx"$http_user_agent"httpd\"%{user-agent}i\"

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# vim haproxy.cfg

……

frontend test

    bind        *:80

    mode        http

    stats       enable

    stats       hide-version

    stats       uri     /admin?stats

    stats       auth    admin:admin

    acl iphone_users    hdr_sub(user-agent)     -i      iphone

    redirect    prefix  http://3g-iphone.test.com       if      iphone_users

    acl android_users   hdr_sub(user-agent)     -i      android

    redirect    prefix  http://3g-android.test.com      if      android_users

    acl pic_test        path_end        \.(gif|png|jpg|css?.*|js?.*)$

    acl static_test     path_beg        /nginx/

    acl dynamic_test    path_beg        /php/

    use_backend www     if      pic_test

    use_backend www     if      static_test

    use_backend blog    if      dynamic_test

    default_backend     www

backend www

    balance     leastconn

    option      httpclose

    option      forwardfor

    server      web1    172.16.10.118:80 check port 80 inter 1000 fall 1

backend blog

    balance     leastconn

    option      httpclose

    option      forwardfor

    server      web1    172.16.10.118:80 check port 80 inter 1000 fall 1

 

 

基于ipport的访问控制:

frontend test

         ……

    acl valid_ip        src     10.96.20.0/24

    http-request        deny    if      !       valid_ip

注:1.5版本不能使用block取而代之的是http-request deny,将不符合指定网段内的client访问时报403 Forbidden;七层应用的匹配顺序是根据haproxy.cfg配置文件中frontend段中use_backend书写的先后顺序依次匹配,listenfrontendbackend中有的优先于defaults段中的

 

 

错误页面优雅显示(不支持404status code 404 not handlederror relocation will be ignored):

语法:

errorfile <code> <file>

  Example :

        errorfile 400 /etc/haproxy/errorfiles/400badreq.http

        errorfile 408 /dev/null  # workaround Chrome pre-connect bug

        errorfile 403 /etc/haproxy/errorfiles/403forbid.http

        errorfile 503 /etc/haproxy/errorfiles/503sorry.http

errorloc <code> <url>  

errorloc302 <code> <url>

errorloc303 <code> <url>

 

 

语法:

balance <algorithm> [ <arguments> ]

algorithm有:roundrobin,static-rr,leastconn,first,source,uri,url_param,hdr(<name>),rdp-cookie(<name>)

 

 

让后端RS记录前端访问的真实IP

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# vim haproxy.cfg

listen test

    option      forwardfor

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# service haproxy restart

Stopping haproxy:                                          [  OK  ]

Starting haproxy:                                          [  OK  ]

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

LogFormat "\"%{X-Forwarded-For}i\" %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common

CustomLog logs/access_log common

[root@localhost ~]# service httpd restart

Stopping httpd:                                            [  OK  ]

Starting httpd: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain for ServerName

                                                           [  OK  ]

[root@localhost ~]# tail /etc/httpd/logs/access_log   #(在win上访问,查看RS日志,之前记录的一直是代理server172.16.10.113,之后记录的是win主机上的IP

172.16.10.113 - - [14/Aug/2016:20:36:30 -0700] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 4 "-" "curl/7.19.7 (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.19.7 NSS/3.14.3.0 zlib/1.2.3 libidn/1.18 libssh2/1.4.2"

172.16.10.113 - - [14/Aug/2016:20:36:30 -0700] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 4 "-" "curl/7.19.7 (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.19.7 NSS/3.14.3.0 zlib/1.2.3 libidn/1.18 libssh2/1.4.2"

……

"-" - - [15/Aug/2016:01:22:46 -0700] "HEAD /check.html HTTP/1.0" 200 -

"10.96.20.89" - - [15/Aug/2016:01:22:47 -0700] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 4

"10.96.20.89" - - [15/Aug/2016:01:22:48 -0700] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 4

"-" - - [15/Aug/2016:01:22:51 -0700] "HEAD /check.html HTTP/1.0" 200 -

 

 

heartbeat+haproxy

主备模式(heartbeat仅负责VIP飘移,两台serverhaproxy配置相同,listen段绑定VIP,事先把haproxy启动);

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# vim /etc/ha.d/haresources

proxy-1-1       IPaddr::10.96.20.8/24/eth0

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# vim haproxy.cfg

listen test

    bind        10.96.20.8:80

主主模式(heartbeat仅负责两VIP飘移,两台serverhaproxy配置相同,有两段listen配置,分别绑定两个VIP,事先把haproxy启动);

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# vim /etc/ha.d/haresources

proxy-1-1       IPaddr::10.96.20.8/24/eth0

proxy-1-2       IPaddr::10.96.20.9/24/eth0

[root@proxy-1-1 haproxy]# vim haproxy.cfg

listen test1

    bind        10.96.20.8:80

         ……

listen test2

         bind                    10.96.20.9:80

         ……

 

 

常见的HTTP状态码:

200-OKstandard response for successful HTTP requests),服务成功返回网页;

301-Moved Permanentlythis and all future requests should be directedto the given)永久跳转,请求的网页已永久跳转到新位置;

403-Forbiddenforbidden request(matches a deny filter),HTTP403;the request was a legal request,but the server is refusing to respond to it)禁止访问,服务拒绝请求;

404-Not Foundthre requested resource could not be found but may be available again in the future)服务器找不到请求的页面;

500-Internal Server Errorinternal error in haproxy,HTTP500;a generic error message,given when no more specific message is suitable)内部服务器错误;

502-Bad Gatewaythe server returned an invalid or in complete response,HTTP502,the server was acting as a gateway or proxy and received an invalid response from the upstream server)网关错误,一般是网关服务器请求后端时,后端服务器没有按HTTP协议返回正确结果;

503-Service Unavailableno server was available to handle the request,HTTP503;the server is currently unavailable,because it is overloaded or down for maintenance)服务当前不可用,可能因为超载或停机维护;

504-Gateway Timeoutthe server failed to reply in time,HTTP504;the server was acting as a gateway or proxy and did not receive a timely response from the upstream server)网关超时,一般是网关服务器请求后端时,后端服务器没有在指定时间内完成服务;

 

 

代码、软件在LB器(LVSnginxhaproxy)层面上实现平滑上线:

后端RSAB两组;

LVS(通过命令ipvsadm -d -t|-u SERVICE_ADDRESS -r SERVER_ADDRESS;也可通过替换配置文件,但LVS没有平滑重启的方式);

nginxhaproxy(替换配置文件,#service nginx|haproxy reload达到平滑重启);

DB更新(改配置时>SET GLOBAL ……;同时改配置文件);

 

 

运维应关注两点:全网数据、7*24h不间断服务

全网数据备份解决方案:

1、数据库数据:

主从,仅在server物理故障时恢复,若手动drop误删则无法恢复,解决办法:备机开binlog保持1天以上,并按天做备份;

案例(baidu,一主多从,其中一个从不提供服务,专门做备份,半同步插件或drbd做到实时同步,事务提交)

2、图片资源:

全量(drbd;通过程序实现双写,提交数据时写到两个存储上;分布式存储nosqlMySQLmongodb同步机制做存储;分布式架构方案);

增量(rsync,小文件比对时间很长;drbd,浪费资源,备node不可用;按时间增量,按月每月一个目录,如201607201608;更新资源写LOGrsync根据LOG直接同步变化的数据;inotifysersync等)

3、程序、各配置文件都要放到SVN里,再向外发布,办公室SVN-->IDC测试-->IDC正式,关键要维护好SVN

注:需求分析(对每个项目都要事先写好备份规划,根据需求讨论最多可承受丢多长时间的数据;数据库、存储备份、测试数据)

 

7*24h不间断服务:

集群(LBLVSnginxhaproxyBIG-IPNetScaler)、HAkeepalivedheartbeat))

性能、扩展(优化、用户体验要好,业务易扩展)

监控(运维级别,业务级别(按产品线监控、流量、负载、访问、请求、错误日志、接口)

注:QPS每秒请求量、RT反馈时间,三个层面监控(基础监控-->应用监控-->业务层面监控)

 

 

posted on 2018-11-09 16:00  五光十色  阅读(1425)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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