桌面应用开发GTK3 Glade (C语言)

目录

• Github
• 教程
• 简介
  • 可视化设计
  • 生成XML描述文件
  • 与多种编程语言兼容
  • 与IDE集成
• 安装 Glade
• 示例
  • demo.glade
  • demo.c

Github

• https://github.com/GNOME/gtk
• https://github.com/GNOME/glade

git clone https://github.com/GNOME/glade.git

教程

• https://developer.gnome.org/

简介

• Glade是一个用于创建GTK图形用户界面的用户界面构建器。它允许开发者通过可视化方式设计和布局GUI元素，而不必手动编写代码。Glade生成XML格式的描述文件，描述了用户界面的结构和属性。然后，这个XML文件可以由程序加载和解释，从而创建用户界面。

可视化设计

• Glade提供了一个直观的图形用户界面，允许用户通过拖放方式设计和布局界面元素，无需手动编写代码。

生成XML描述文件

• 设计完成后，Glade会生成一个XML格式的描述文件，其中包含了用户界面的结构和属性信息。

与多种编程语言兼容

• 由于生成的描述文件是基于XML的，因此可以与多种编程语言一起使用。GTK支持多种编程语言，包括C、C++、Python等。

与IDE集成

• Glade可以与多个集成开发环境（IDE）一起使用，例如GNOME Builder，以便更方便地进行开发和调试。

安装 Glade

# 目前版本支持gtk+3
brew install glade
glade --version
# 启动
glade

# gtk+3 安装路径
# /usr/local/Cellar/gtk+3/3.24.41
brew info gtk+3
# GTK+3版本号
pkg-config --modversion gtk+-3.0

示例

demo.glade

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- Generated with glade 3.40.0 -->
<interface>
  <requires lib="gtk+" version="3.24"/>
  <object class="GtkWindow" id="window">
    <property name="width-request">400</property>
    <property name="height-request">200</property>
    <property name="can-focus">False</property>
    <property name="title" translatable="yes">demo</property>
    <child>
      <object class="GtkBox" id="box">
        <property name="visible">True</property>
        <property name="can-focus">False</property>
        <property name="orientation">vertical</property>
        <child>
          <object class="GtkButton" id="button">
            <property name="label" translatable="yes">button</property>
            <property name="visible">True</property>
            <property name="can-focus">True</property>
            <property name="receives-default">True</property>
            <property name="margin-start">10</property>
            <property name="margin-end">10</property>
            <property name="margin-top">10</property>
            <property name="margin-bottom">10</property>
          </object>
          <packing>
            <property name="expand">False</property>
            <property name="fill">True</property>
            <property name="position">0</property>
          </packing>
        </child>
        <child>
          <object class="GtkComboBoxText" id="combobox">
            <property name="visible">True</property>
            <property name="can-focus">False</property>
            <property name="margin-start">10</property>
            <property name="margin-end">10</property>
            <property name="margin-top">10</property>
            <property name="margin-bottom">10</property>
            <property name="active">0</property>
            <property name="active-id">1</property>
            <items>
              <item id="1" translatable="yes">item1</item>
              <item id="2" translatable="yes">item2</item>
              <item id="3" translatable="yes">item3</item>
              <item id="4" translatable="yes">item4</item>
            </items>
          </object>
          <packing>
            <property name="expand">False</property>
            <property name="fill">True</property>
            <property name="position">1</property>
          </packing>
        </child>
        <child>
          <object class="GtkEntry" id="entry">
            <property name="visible">True</property>
            <property name="can-focus">True</property>
            <property name="margin-start">10</property>
            <property name="margin-end">10</property>
            <property name="margin-top">10</property>
            <property name="margin-bottom">10</property>
          </object>
          <packing>
            <property name="expand">False</property>
            <property name="fill">True</property>
            <property name="position">2</property>
          </packing>
        </child>
      </object>
    </child>
  </object>
</interface>

demo.c

#include <gtk/gtk.h>

static void
on_button_clicked (GtkButton *button, gpointer user_data)
{
  g_print ("Hello World\n");
}

static void
on_combobox_changed (GtkComboBox *combobox, gpointer user_data)
{
  gint active_item = gtk_combo_box_get_active (combobox);
  const gchar *active_id = gtk_combo_box_get_active_id (GTK_COMBO_BOX (combobox));
  g_print ("Selected item: %d, active_id: %s\n", active_item, active_id);
}

static void
on_entry_changed (GtkEntry *entry, gpointer user_data)
{
  const gchar *text = gtk_entry_get_text (entry);
  g_print ("Entry Text: %s\n", text);
}

static void
on_entry_activate (GtkEntry *entry, gpointer user_data)
{
  const gchar *text = gtk_entry_get_text (entry);
  g_print ("Entry Text: %s\n", text);
}

int
main (int argc, char **argv)
{
  GtkBuilder *builder = gtk_builder_new ();
  GtkWidget *window;
  GtkWidget *button;
  GtkWidget *combobox;
  GtkWidget *entry;

  gtk_init (&argc, &argv);
  gtk_builder_add_from_file (builder, "demo.glade", NULL);

  window = GTK_WIDGET (gtk_builder_get_object (builder, "window"));
  button = GTK_WIDGET (gtk_builder_get_object (builder, "button"));
  combobox = GTK_WIDGET (gtk_builder_get_object (builder, "combobox"));
  entry = GTK_WIDGET (gtk_builder_get_object (builder, "entry"));

  gtk_window_set_position (GTK_WINDOW (window), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER);

  g_signal_connect (window, "destroy", G_CALLBACK (gtk_main_quit), NULL);
  g_signal_connect (button, "clicked", G_CALLBACK (on_button_clicked), NULL);
  g_signal_connect (combobox, "changed", G_CALLBACK (on_combobox_changed), NULL);
  g_signal_connect (entry, "changed", G_CALLBACK (on_entry_changed), NULL);
  g_signal_connect (entry, "activate", G_CALLBACK (on_entry_activate), NULL);

  g_object_unref (G_OBJECT (builder));
  gtk_widget_show (window);

  gtk_main ();
  return 0;
}

gcc $(pkg-config --cflags gtk+-3.0) -o demo demo.c $(pkg-config --libs gtk+-3.0)
# 或
gcc -o demo demo.c `pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-3.0`