全局异常处理及自定义异常:ErrorController与@ControllerAdvice区别和用法
https://blog.csdn.net/jwf111/article/details/88571067
ErrorController
在springboot项目中当我们访问一个不存在的url时经常会出现以下页面
在postman访问时则是以下情况
image
对于上面的情况究竟是什么原因造成呢,实际上当springboot项目出现异常时,默认会跳转到/error,而/error则是由BasicErrorController进行处理,其代码如下
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public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
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private final ErrorProperties errorProperties;
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public BasicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes, ErrorProperties errorProperties) {
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this(errorAttributes, errorProperties, Collections.emptyList());
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}
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public BasicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes, ErrorProperties errorProperties, List<ErrorViewResolver> errorViewResolvers) {
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super(errorAttributes, errorViewResolvers);
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Assert.notNull(errorProperties, "ErrorProperties must not be null");
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this.errorProperties = errorProperties;
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}
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public String getErrorPath() {
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return this.errorProperties.getPath();
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}
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public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
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HttpStatus status = this.getStatus(request);
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Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(this.getErrorAttributes(request, this.isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
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response.setStatus(status.value());
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ModelAndView modelAndView = this.resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
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return modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView;
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}
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public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
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Map<String, Object> body = this.getErrorAttributes(request, this.isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
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HttpStatus status = this.getStatus(request);
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return new ResponseEntity(body, status);
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}
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protected boolean isIncludeStackTrace(HttpServletRequest request, MediaType produces) {
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IncludeStacktrace include = this.getErrorProperties().getIncludeStacktrace();
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if (include == IncludeStacktrace.ALWAYS) {
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return true;
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} else {
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return include == IncludeStacktrace.ON_TRACE_PARAM ? this.getTraceParameter(request) : false;
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}
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}
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protected ErrorProperties getErrorProperties() {
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return this.errorProperties;
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}
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}
- 可见BasicErrorController是一个控制器,对/error进行处理
- BasicErrorController根据Accept头的内容,输出不同格式的错误响应。比如针对浏览器的请求生成html页面,针对其它请求生成json格式的返回。字段为accept的text/html的内容来判断
- 我们也可自定义ErrorController来实现自己对错误的处理,例如浏览器访问也返回json字符串(返回text/html),或自定义错误页面,不同status跳转不同的页面等,同时其他请求也可自定义返回的json格式
下面是自己写的一个ErrorController
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import java.util.HashMap;
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import java.util.Map;
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import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
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import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
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import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
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import com.xuecheng.framework.model.response.ErrorCode;
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import com.xuecheng.framework.model.response.ResultCode;
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
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import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.error.ErrorAttributes;
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import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.error.ErrorController;
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
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/**
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* web错误 全局处理
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* @author jiangwf
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*
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*/
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
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import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletWebRequest;
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public class InterfaceErrorController implements ErrorController {
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private static final String ERROR_PATH="/error";
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private ErrorAttributes errorAttributes;
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public String getErrorPath() {
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return ERROR_PATH;
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}
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public InterfaceErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {
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this.errorAttributes=errorAttributes;
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}
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/**
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* web页面错误处理
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*/
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public String errorPageHandler(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {
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ServletWebRequest requestAttributes = new ServletWebRequest(request);
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Map<String, Object> attr = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, false);
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JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
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ErrorCode errorCode = new ErrorCode(false, (int) attr.get("status"), (String) attr.get("message"));
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return JSONObject.toJSONString(errorCode);
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}
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/**
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* 除web页面外的错误处理,比如json/xml等
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*/
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public ResultCode errorApiHander(HttpServletRequest request) {
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ServletWebRequest requestAttributes = new ServletWebRequest(request);
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Map<String, Object> attr=this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, false);
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return new ErrorCode(false, (int)attr.get("status"), (String) attr.get("message"));
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}
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}
- 当是浏览器访问时返回json字符串
image
- 当是其他请求时返回自定义的ErrorCode
image
- ErrorCode代码如下
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import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
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import lombok.Data;
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import lombok.ToString;
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public class ErrorCode implements ResultCode{
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private boolean success;
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private int code;
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private String message;
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public boolean success() {
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return false;
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}
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public int code() {
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return 0;
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}
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public String message() {
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return null;
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}
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}
- ResultCode代码如下
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public interface ResultCode {
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//操作是否成功,true为成功,false操作失败
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boolean success();
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//操作代码
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int code();
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//提示信息
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String message();
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}
@ControllerAdvice
- 上面我们提到ErrorController可对全局错误进行处理,但是其获取不到异常的具体信息,同时也无法根据异常类型进行不同的响应,例如对自定义异常的处理
- 而@ControllerAdvice可对全局异常进行捕获,包括自定义异常
- 需要清楚的是,其是应用于对springmvc中的控制器抛出的异常进行处理,而对于404这样不会进入控制器处理的异常不起作用,所以此时还是要依靠ErrorController来处理
问题:
- 实际上,当出现错误,如获取值为空或出现异常时,我们并不希望用户看到异常的具体信息,而是希望对对应的错误和异常做相应提示
- 在MVC框架中很多时候会出现执行异常,那我们就需要加try/catch进行捕获,如果service层和controller层都加上,那就会造成代码冗余
解决方法:
- 统一返回的数据格式,如上的ResultCode,可实现其做更多扩展,对于程序的可预知错误,我们采取抛出异常的方式,再统一处理
- 我们在编程时的顺序是先校验判断,有问题则抛出异常信息,最后执行具体的业务操作,返回成功信息
- 在统一异常处理类中去捕获异常,无需再代码中try/catch,向用户返回统一规范的响应信息
异常处理流程
系统对异常的处理使用统一的异常处理流程:
- 自定义异常类型
- 自定义错误代码及错误信息
- 对于可预知的异常由程序员在代码中主动抛出,有SpringMVC统一捕获
可预知异常是程序员在代码中手动抛出本系统定义的特点异常类型,由于是程序员抛出的异常,通常异常信息比较齐全,程序员在抛出时会指定错误代码及错误信息,获取异常信息也比较方便 - 对于不可预知的异常(运行时异常)由SpringMVC统一捕获Exception类型的异常
不可预知的异常通常是由于系统出现bug、或一些不可抗拒的错误(比如网络中断、服务器宕机等),异常类型为RuntimeException类型(运行时异常) - 可预知异常及不可预知异常最终都会采用统一的信息格式(错误代码+错误信息)来表示,最终也会随请求响应给客户端
异常抛出及处理流程
image
- 在controller、service、dao中程序员抛出自定义异常;SpringMVC框架抛出框架异常类型
- 统一由异常捕获类捕获异常并进行处理
- 捕获到自定义异常则直接取出错误代码及错误信息,响应给用户
- 捕获到非自定义异常类型首先从Map中找该异常类型是否对应具体的错误代码,如果有则取出错误代码和错误信息并响应给用户,如果从Map中占不到异常类型所对应的错误代码则统一为99999错误代码并响应给用户
- 将错误代码及错误信息以json格式响应给用户
下面就开始我们的异常处理编程
一、可预知异常
- 自定义异常类
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import com.xuecheng.framework.model.response.ResultCode;
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import jdk.nashorn.internal.objects.annotations.Getter;
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/**
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* @Author: jiangweifan
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* @Date: 2019/3/4 20:06
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* @Description:
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*/
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public class CustomException extends RuntimeException {
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private ResultCode resultCode;
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public CustomException(ResultCode resultCode) {
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super("错误代码:" + resultCode.code()+" 错误信息:" + resultCode.message());
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this.resultCode = resultCode;
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}
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public ResultCode getResultCode() {
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return resultCode;
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}
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}
- 自定义异常抛出类
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import com.xuecheng.framework.model.response.ResultCode;
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/**
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* @Author: jiangweifan
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* @Date: 2019/3/4 20:09
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* @Description:
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*/
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public class ExceptionCast {
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public static void cast(ResultCode resultCode, boolean condition) {
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if (condition) {
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throw new CustomException(resultCode);
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}
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}
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}
- 异常捕获类
使用@ControllerAdvice和@ExceptionHandler注解来捕获指定类型的异常
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import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
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import com.xuecheng.framework.model.response.CommonCode;
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import com.xuecheng.framework.model.response.ResponseResult;
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import com.xuecheng.framework.model.response.ResultCode;
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import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
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import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
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/**
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* @Author: jiangweifan
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* @Date: 2019/3/4 20:13
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* @Description:
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*/
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public class ExceptionCatch {
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public ResponseResult customException(CustomException e) {
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log.error("catch exception : {} \r\nexception", e.getMessage(), e);
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ResponseResult responseResult = new ResponseResult(e.getResultCode());
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return responseResult;
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}
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}
4.1 定义响应数据格式
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import lombok.Data;
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import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
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import lombok.ToString;
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/**
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* @Author: mrt.
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* @Description:
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* @Date:Created in 2018/1/24 18:33.
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* @Modified By:
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*/
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public class ResponseResult implements Response {
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//操作是否成功
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boolean success = SUCCESS;
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//操作代码
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int code = SUCCESS_CODE;
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//提示信息
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String message;
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public ResponseResult(ResultCode resultCode){
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this.success = resultCode.success();
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this.code = resultCode.code();
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this.message = resultCode.message();
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}
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public static ResponseResult SUCCESS(){
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return new ResponseResult(CommonCode.SUCCESS);
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}
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public static ResponseResult FAIL(){
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return new ResponseResult(CommonCode.FAIL);
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}
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}
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其中Response代码如下
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public interface Response {
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public static final boolean SUCCESS = true;
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public static final int SUCCESS_CODE = 10000;
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}
4.2 定义错误代码(ResultCode上文已给出)
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import com.xuecheng.framework.model.response.ResultCode;
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import lombok.ToString;
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/**
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* Created by mrt on 2018/3/5.
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*/
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public enum CmsCode implements ResultCode {
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CMS_ADDPAGE_EXISTSNAME(false,24001,"页面名称已存在!"),
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CMS_GENERATEHTML_DATAURLISNULL(false,24002,"从页面信息中找不到获取数据的url!"),
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CMS_GENERATEHTML_DATAISNULL(false,24003,"根据页面的数据url获取不到数据!"),
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CMS_GENERATEHTML_TEMPLATEISNULL(false,24004,"页面模板为空!"),
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CMS_GENERATEHTML_HTMLISNULL(false,24005,"生成的静态html为空!"),
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CMS_GENERATEHTML_SAVEHTMLERROR(false,24005,"保存静态html出错!"),
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CMS_COURSE_PERVIEWISNULL(false,24007,"预览页面为空!"),
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CMS_TEMPLATEFILE_ERROR(false,24008,"模板文件需要.ftl后缀!"),
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CMS_TEMPLATEFILE_NULL(false,24009,"模板文件为空!"),
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CMS_TEMPLATEFILE_EXCEPTION(false,24010,"解析模板文件异常!"),
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CMS_TEMPLATEFILE_FAIL(false,24011,"模板文件存储失败!"),
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CMS_TEMPLATEFILE_DELETE_ERROR(false,24012,"模板文件删除失败!"),
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CMS_Config_NOTEXISTS(false,24013,"不存在该数据模型!"),
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CMS_PAGE_NULL(false,24014,"不存在该页面数据!"),
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CMS_GENERATEHTML_CONTENT_FAIL(false,24014,"获取页面模板失败!");
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//操作代码
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boolean success;
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//操作代码
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int code;
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//提示信息
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String message;
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private CmsCode(boolean success, int code, String message){
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this.success = success;
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this.code = code;
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this.message = message;
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}
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public boolean success() {
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return success;
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}
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public int code() {
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return code;
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}
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public String message() {
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return message;
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}
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}
- 在方法中抛出异常进行测试
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@GetMapping("/list/{page}/{size}")
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public QueryResponseResult findList(@PathVariable("page") int page, @PathVariable("size")int size, QueryPageRequest queryPageRequest) {
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ExceptionCast.cast(CmsCode.CMS_COURSE_PERVIEWISNULL, queryPageRequest == null);
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return pageService.findList(page,size,queryPageRequest);
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}
最终方法得到以下结果
image
二、不可预知异常处理
- 在异常捕获类中添加对Exception类型异常的捕获,完整代码如下
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import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
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import com.xuecheng.framework.model.response.CommonCode;
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import com.xuecheng.framework.model.response.ResponseResult;
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import com.xuecheng.framework.model.response.ResultCode;
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import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
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import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
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/**
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* @Author: jiangweifan
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* @Date: 2019/3/4 20:13
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* @Description:
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*/
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public class ExceptionCatch {
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//使用EXCEPTIOS存放异常类型 和错误代码的映射,ImmutableMap的特点是已创建就不可变,并且线程安全
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private static ImmutableMap<Class<? extends Throwable>, ResultCode> EXCEPTIOS;
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//是由builder来构建一个异常类型和错误代码的映射
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private static ImmutableMap.Builder<Class<? extends Throwable>, ResultCode> builder =
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ImmutableMap.builder();
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static {
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//初始化基础类型异常与错误代码的映射
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builder.put(NullPointerException.class, CommonCode.NULL);
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builder.put(SocketTimeoutException.class, CommonCode.NULL);
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}
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public ResponseResult customException(CustomException e) {
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log.error("catch exception : {} \r\nexception", e.getMessage(), e);
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ResponseResult responseResult = new ResponseResult(e.getResultCode());
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return responseResult;
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}
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public ResponseResult exception(Exception e) {
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log.error("catch exception : {} \r\nexception", e.getMessage(), e);
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if (EXCEPTIOS == null) {
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EXCEPTIOS = builder.build();
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}
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final ResultCode resultCode = EXCEPTIOS.get(e.getClass());
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if (resultCode != null) {
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return new ResponseResult(resultCode);
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} else {
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return new ResponseResult(CommonCode.SERVER_ERROR);
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}
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}
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}
- 对于不可预知异常的处理,我们采取先从定义好的Map获取该异常类型对应的错误代码和错误信息,若没有则统一返回CommonCode.SERVER_ERROR
- 对于CommonCode代码如下(ResultCode上文已给出)
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import lombok.ToString;
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/**
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* @Author: mrt.
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* @Description:
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* @Date:Created in 2018/1/24 18:33.
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* @Modified By:
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*/
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public enum CommonCode implements ResultCode{
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SUCCESS(true,10000,"操作成功!"),
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FAIL(false,19999,"操作失败!"),
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UNAUTHENTICATED(false,10001,"此操作需要登陆系统!"),
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UNAUTHORISE(false,10002,"权限不足,无权操作!"),
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NULL(false,10003,"空值异常!"),
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TIMEOUT(false, 10004, "服务器连接超时!"),
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SERVER_ERROR(false,99999,"抱歉,系统繁忙,请稍后重试!");
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// private static ImmutableMap<Integer, CommonCode> codes ;
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//操作是否成功
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boolean success;
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//操作代码
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int code;
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//提示信息
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String message;
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private CommonCode(boolean success,int code, String message){
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this.success = success;
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this.code = code;
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this.message = message;
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}
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public boolean success() {
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return success;
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}
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public int code() {
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return code;
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}
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public String message() {
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return message;
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}
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}
- 方法中进行测试
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public QueryResponseResult findList(
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int a= 1/0;
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return pageService.findList(page,size,queryPageRequest);
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}
浏览器访问结果如下: