学习Spider 了解 Scrapy的流程
Scrapy
先创建项目
在windows下
scrapy startproject myproject #myproject是你的项目名称
cd 项目名称
scrapy genspider myspider 爬取域名 # myspider是你的爬虫名称 后跟爬取域名
启动爬虫
scrapy crawl 爬虫名
配置
在setting.py 中配置
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
#其中Scrapy下载执行现有的最大请求数
# 默认值:16
# 并发是指scrapy同时处理的request的数量,默认的全局并发限制为16,可增加这个值,增加多少取决于爬虫占CPU多少,设置前最好测试一下,一般占在80-90%为好
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3 #设置延迟下载可以避免被发现
COOKIES_ENABLED = True #禁止cookies,有些站点会从cookies中判断是否为爬虫
#它是用于Scrapy的HTTP请求的默认标题
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
'Accept-Language': 'en',
}
# 管道
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'Per.pipelines.PerPipeline': 300,
}
# 日志
LOG_FILE = './TEST.log'
# 编码
FEED_EXPORT_ENCODING='utf-8'
在你的myspider.py文件编写爬虫
import scrapy,re,requests from ..items import PerItem class LishiSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = 'myspider' #爬虫名
# allowed_domains = ['http://www.pearvideo.com/category_loading.jsp?reqType=5&categoryId=2&start=1'] start_urls = ['http://www.pearvideo.com/category_loading.jsp?reqType=5&categoryId=2&start=1'] #爬取的域名 def parse(self, response): # 标题 title = response.xpath('/html/body/li[@class="categoryem"]/div[@class="vervideo-bd"]/a//div[@class="vervideo-title"]/text()').extract() # 链接 t_url = response.xpath('/html/body/li[@class="categoryem"]/div[@class="vervideo-bd"]/a/@href').extract() # 时间 data = response.xpath('/html/body/li[@class="categoryem"]/div[@class="vervideo-bd"]/a//div[@class="cm-duration"]/text()').extract() #爬取的标题等需传到items.py里 for i in range(len(title)): item = PerItem() item['title'] = title[i] item['t_url'] = 'http://www.pearvideo.com/' + t_url[i] item['data'] = data[i] #yield item
print(item)
注意 :爬取的字段要跟 items.py里的一致
import scrapy class PerItem(scrapy.Item): # define the fields for your item here like: # name = scrapy.Field() title = scrapy.Field() t_url = scrapy.Field() data = scrapy.Field() shi = scrapy.Field()
最后启动爬虫
scrapy crawl myspider