Asp.Net Mvc5 之Controller

    经过前面介绍了路由系统之后,我们知道任何一个请求在经过asp.net url路由系统的拦截之后,会生成以controller/action 名称为核心的路由数据。asp.net mvc 根据此解析出目标controller 的类型,并最终激活具体的controller实例处理当前请求。

   为了解释从请求到执行目标controller的过程,我们调式源码(具体怎么调试源码可以参照我这篇文章 ),在MvcHandler里面的IHttpAsyncHandler.BeginProcessRequest处设置断点

IAsyncResult IHttpAsyncHandler.BeginProcessRequest(HttpContext context, AsyncCallback cb, object extraData)
{
  return BeginProcessRequest(context, cb, extraData);
}

大家都知道,asp.net运行机制是管道模型,asp.net mvc也同样遵循管道模型,查看MvcHandler代码,可以看出MvcHandler实现了接口IHttpHandler。此时我们继续深挖代码,找到下面代码片段

protected internal virtual IAsyncResult BeginProcessRequest(HttpContextBase httpContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
{
  IController controller;
  IControllerFactory factory;
  ProcessRequestInit(httpContext, out controller, out factory);

  IAsyncController asyncController = controller as IAsyncController;
  if (asyncController != null)
  {
    //to do   }   
else   {
    //to do   } }

此处代码便是创建了Controller,也正是这篇文章所要阐述的主题。

  此时,再进一步分析“BeginProcessRequest”这个方法,阅读前三行代码,我们大概可以得知Controller 是在这个方法中创建的。那么在这个方法中找到“ProcessRequestInit”此方法,其中后面两个参数“controller”,“factory”都是带有前缀“out”的,也就是说两参数是通过引用来传递值。那么我们暂且不谈“BeginProcessRequest”在获取“IController”实例 、“IControllerFactory”实例之后会做什么后续处理,直接调试进入方法“ProcessRequestInit”,看它里面到底发生了什么,我们将“ProcessRequestInit”的方法实现贴出来

private void ProcessRequestInit(HttpContextBase httpContext, out IController controller, out IControllerFactory factory)
{
  // If request validation has already been enabled, make it lazy. This allows attributes like [HttpPost] (which looks
  // at Request.Form) to work correctly without triggering full validation.
  // Tolerate null HttpContext for testing.
  HttpContext currentContext = HttpContext.Current;
  if (currentContext != null)
  {
      bool? isRequestValidationEnabled = ValidationUtility.IsValidationEnabled(currentContext);
      if (isRequestValidationEnabled == true)
      {
          ValidationUtility.EnableDynamicValidation(currentContext);
      }
  }

  AddVersionHeader(httpContext);
  RemoveOptionalRoutingParameters();

  // Get the controller type
  string controllerName = RequestContext.RouteData.GetRequiredString("controller");

  // Instantiate the controller and call Execute
  factory = ControllerBuilder.GetControllerFactory();
  controller = factory.CreateController(RequestContext, controllerName);
  if (controller == null)
  {
      throw new InvalidOperationException(
                    String.Format(
                        CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
                        MvcResources.ControllerBuilder_FactoryReturnedNull,
                        factory.GetType(),
                        controllerName));
  }
}

在这个方法里面,我们将注意力集中在这两句注释“Get the controller type”、“Instantiate the controller and call Execute”所对应的代码。

  首先,程序先获取到控制的名称。我们在阅读Mvc的源码的时候,可以发现获取控制器的名称有两种方式,至于为何没有统一写法,我也不知道,虽然结果都是一样的。

RequestContext.RouteData.GetRequiredString("controller");
(string)requestContext.RouteData.Values["controller"];

那么在获取到了控制器的名称之后,我们大胆猜想一下,获取控制器的实例是不是运用了反射了?

  然后,在获取到了控制器名称之后,程序就会执行实例化控制器并且调用。在这一步中涉及到了两个关键的类“ControllerBuilder”、实现IControllerFactory的类“DefaultControllerFactory”,此时我们继续调试下面那一行代码

factory = ControllerBuilder.GetControllerFactory();

 

通过字面上应该可以猜出是通过“ControllerBuilder”获取控制器工厂。ControllerBuilder属性是定义在Mvchandler中,通过属性注入ControllerBuilder对象,此时调试进入了ControllerBuilder内部,我们看一下GetControllerFactory()的实现细节

private static ControllerBuilder _instance = new ControllerBuilder();
private Func<IControllerFactory> _factoryThunk = () => null;
public ControllerBuilder()
            : this(null)
{
}

internal ControllerBuilder(IResolver<IControllerFactory> serviceResolver)
{
   _serviceResolver = serviceResolver ?? new SingleServiceResolver<IControllerFactory>(
                                                      () => _factoryThunk(),
                                                      new DefaultControllerFactory { ControllerBuilder = this },
                                                      "ControllerBuilder.GetControllerFactory");
}
public IControllerFactory GetControllerFactory()
{
  return _serviceResolver.Current;
}

此处只截取部分关键代码,查看“IResolver<T>”泛型接口,只有一个属性“T Current { get; }”,也就是返回当前T对象,那么对于方法“GetControllerFactory()”应该很快会领会到它是用来返回当前实现接口“IControllerFactory”的实例对象“DefaultControllerFactory ”,也就是说“DefaultControllerFactory ”是通过这种松散耦合的方式创建的。

  在MvcHandler中获取到了“factory”对象之后,紧接着就是通过当前上下文对象,控制器名称创建控制器的实例

controller = factory.CreateController(RequestContext, controllerName);

 

我们调试代码进入“DefaultControllerFactory ”的“CreateController”方法里面,如下

public virtual IController CreateController(RequestContext requestContext, string controllerName)
{
  if (requestContext == null)
  {
      throw new ArgumentNullException("requestContext");
  }
  if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(controllerName))
  {
      throw new ArgumentException(MvcResources.Common_NullOrEmpty, "controllerName");
  }
  Type controllerType = GetControllerType(requestContext, controllerName);
  IController controller = GetControllerInstance(requestContext, controllerType);
  return controller;
}

这段代码里面,先是获取当前控制器名称对应的类型,然后通过控制器类型获取控制器实例对象。代码定位到方法“GetControllerType”里面,如下

protected internal virtual Type GetControllerType(RequestContext requestContext, string controllerName)
        {
            if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(controllerName))
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(MvcResources.Common_NullOrEmpty, "controllerName");
            }

            // first search in the current route's namespace collection
            object routeNamespacesObj;
            Type match;
            if (requestContext != null && requestContext.RouteData.DataTokens.TryGetValue("Namespaces", out routeNamespacesObj))
            {
                IEnumerable<string> routeNamespaces = routeNamespacesObj as IEnumerable<string>;
                if (routeNamespaces != null && routeNamespaces.Any())
                {
                    HashSet<string> namespaceHash = new HashSet<string>(routeNamespaces, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
                    match = GetControllerTypeWithinNamespaces(requestContext.RouteData.Route, controllerName, namespaceHash);

                    // the UseNamespaceFallback key might not exist, in which case its value is implicitly "true"
                    if (match != null || false.Equals(requestContext.RouteData.DataTokens["UseNamespaceFallback"]))
                    {
                        // got a match or the route requested we stop looking
                        return match;
                    }
                }
            }

            // then search in the application's default namespace collection
            if (ControllerBuilder.DefaultNamespaces.Count > 0)
            {
                HashSet<string> namespaceDefaults = new HashSet<string>(ControllerBuilder.DefaultNamespaces, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
                match = GetControllerTypeWithinNamespaces(requestContext.RouteData.Route, controllerName, namespaceDefaults);
                if (match != null)
                {
                    return match;
                }
            }

            // if all else fails, search every namespace
            return GetControllerTypeWithinNamespaces(requestContext.RouteData.Route, controllerName, null /* namespaces */);
        }

在这段代码里面,我们只重点关注通过名称空间匹配控制器类型,也是我们经常会遇到的错误,如图

这个在上一篇介绍路由的时候已经提到了。

  当已经获取到了控制器类型之后,程序就通过该类型获取控制的实例对象,此时调试代码进入方法“GetControllerInstance”,如下

protected internal virtual IController GetControllerInstance(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType)
        {
            if (controllerType == null)
            {
                throw new HttpException(404,
                                        String.Format(
                                            CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
                                            MvcResources.DefaultControllerFactory_NoControllerFound,
                                            requestContext.HttpContext.Request.Path));
            }
            if (!typeof(IController).IsAssignableFrom(controllerType))
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(
                    String.Format(
                        CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
                        MvcResources.DefaultControllerFactory_TypeDoesNotSubclassControllerBase,
                        controllerType),
                    "controllerType");
            }
            return ControllerActivator.Create(requestContext, controllerType);
        }

此方法很简单,先是判断控制器类型是否为空对象,然后判断当前的控制器实例是否可以从指定 “IController”的实例分配,当两个条件都过了,此时通过内部的私有类“DefaultControllerActivator”来创建控制器实例了,如下

public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType)
{
  try
  {
      return (IController)(_resolverThunk().GetService(controllerType) ?? Activator.CreateInstance(controllerType));
  }
  catch (Exception ex)
  {
      throw new InvalidOperationException(
                        String.Format(
                            CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
                            MvcResources.DefaultControllerFactory_ErrorCreatingController,
                            controllerType),
                        ex);
  }
}

各位看官,看清楚了吧,控制器实例然来是这样被创建并激活的。

  

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

posted @ 2013-07-17 22:35  布衣人老白  阅读(2809)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报