golang web编程

一、Goweb通过https提供服务

func main() {
	ListenAndServerTLS()
}
func ListenAndServerTLS() {
	server := http.Server{
		Addr:    "127.0.0.1:8080",
		Handler: nil,
	}
	server.ListenAndServeTLS("cert.pem", "key.pem")
}

二、Goweb生成SSL证书和私钥

package main

import (
	"crypto/rand"
	"crypto/rsa"
	"crypto/x509"
	"crypto/x509/pkix"
	"encoding/pem"
	"math/big"
	"net"
	"os"
	"time"
)

func main() { //生成SSL证书和私钥
	max := new(big.Int).Lsh(big.NewInt(1), 128)
	serialNumber, _ := rand.Int(rand.Reader, max)
	subject := pkix.Name{
		Organization:       []string{"书文教育"},
		OrganizationalUnit: []string{"互联网教育"},
		CommonName:         "学思题库",
	}
	template := x509.Certificate{
		SerialNumber: serialNumber,
		Subject:      subject,
		NotBefore:    time.Now(),
		NotAfter:     time.Now().Add(365 * 24 * time.Hour),
		KeyUsage:     x509.KeyUsageKeyEncipherment | x509.KeyUsageDigitalSignature,
		ExtKeyUsage:  []x509.ExtKeyUsage{x509.ExtKeyUsageServerAuth}, //
		IPAddresses:  []net.IP{net.ParseIP("127.0.0.1")},             // 证书设置成只能在IP地址为127上运行
	}
	pk, _ := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 2048)
	derBytes, _ := x509.CreateCertificate(rand.Reader, &template, &template, &pk.PublicKey, pk)
	certOut, _ := os.Create("cert.pem")
	pem.Encode(certOut, &pem.Block{Type: "CERTIFICATE", Bytes: derBytes})
	certOut.Close()
	keyOut, _ := os.Create("key.pem")
	pem.Encode(keyOut, &pem.Block{Type: "RSA PRIVATE KEY", Bytes: x509.MarshalPKCS1PrivateKey(pk)})
	keyOut.Close()
}

三、Goweb处理请求

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
)

type MyHandler struct{} // 处理器和处理器函数
//ServeHTTP为固定写法
func (h *MyHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "hello world !")
}

func main() { // Server服务器&hander处理器进行了绑定：用同一个处理器处理所有的请求
	handler := MyHandler{}
	server := http.Server{ // 服务器
		Addr:    "127.0.0.1:8080",
		Handler: &handler, // 处理器绑定服务器http://127.0.0.1:8080/anything/at/all
	}
	server.ListenAndServe()
}

四、Goweb使用多个处理器对请求进行处理

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
)

type HelloHandler struct{}

func (h *HelloHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello!")
}

type WorldHandler struct{}

func (http *WorldHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "World!")
}

func main() {
	hello := HelloHandler{}
	world := WorldHandler{}
	server := http.Server{
		Addr: "127.0.0.1:8080",
	}
	http.Handle("/hello", &hello)
	http.Handle("/world", &world)
	server.ListenAndServe()
}

五、Goweb使用处理器函数处理请求

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
)

func hello(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello!")
}

func world(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "World!")
}

func main() {
	server := http.Server{
		Addr: "127.0.0.1:8080",
	}
	http.HandleFunc("/hello", hello)
	http.HandleFunc("/world", world)
	server.ListenAndServe()
}

六、Goweb串联两个处理器函数

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
	"reflect"
	"runtime"
)

func hello(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello!")
}

func log(h http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		name := runtime.FuncForPC(reflect.ValueOf(h).Pointer()).Name()
		fmt.Println("Handler function called = ", name)
		h(w, r)
	}
}

func main() {
	Server := http.Server{Addr: "127.0.0.1:8080"}
	http.HandleFunc("/hello", log(hello))
	Server.ListenAndServe()
}

七、Goweb串联多个处理器

八、Goweb使用HttpRouter实现的服务器

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/http"

	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
)

func hello(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, p httprouter.Params) {
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "hello,%s!\n", p.ByName("name"))
}
func main() {
	mux := httprouter.New()
	mux.GET("/hello/:name", hello)
	server := http.Server{
		Addr:    "127.0.0.1:8080",
		Handler: mux,
	}
	server.ListenAndServe()

}

九、Goweb读取请求首部

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
)

func headers(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	h := r.Header // 读取请求首部
	fmt.Println("h=", h)
	fmt.Fprintln(w, h)
}

func main() {
	server := http.Server{
		Addr: "127.0.0.1:8080",
	}
	http.HandleFunc("/headers", headers)
	server.ListenAndServe()
}

十、Goweb读取请求主体中的数据

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
)

func body(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	len := r.ContentLength    // 获取主体字节长度
	body := make([]byte, len) // 根据长度创建字节数组
	r.Body.Read(body)         // 调用Read方法将主体数据读取到字节数组中
	fmt.Fprintln(w, string(body))
}

func main() {
	server := http.Server{
		Addr: "127.0.0.1:8080", // curl -id "first_name=Shuwen&last_name=He" 127.0.0.1:8080/body
	}
	http.HandleFunc("/body", body)
	server.ListenAndServe()
}

十一、Goweb对表单进行语法分析

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
	server := http.Server{
		Addr: "127.0.0.1:8080",
	}
	http.HandleFunc("/process", process)
	server.ListenAndServe()
}

func process(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	r.ParseForm()
	fmt.Fprintln(w, r.Form)
}

十二、Goweb接收用户上传文件

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
	server := http.Server{
		Addr: "127.0.0.1:8080",
	}
	http.HandleFunc("/process", process)
	server.ListenAndServe()
}

func process(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	r.ParseMultipartForm(1024)
	fileHeader := r.MultipartForm.File["uploaded"][0]
	file, err := fileHeader.Open()
	if err == nil {
		data, err := ioutil.ReadAll(file)
		if err == nil {
			fmt.Fprintln(w, string(data))
		}
	}
}

十三、Goweb请求主体

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
)

func body(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	len := r.ContentLength    // 获取主体字节长度
	body := make([]byte, len) // 根据长度创建字节数组
	r.Body.Read(body)         // 调用Read方法将主体数据读取到字节数组中
	fmt.Fprintln(w, string(body))
}

func main() {
	server := http.Server{
		Addr: "127.0.0.1:8080", // curl -id "first_name=Shuwen&last_name=He" 127.0.0.1:8080/body
	}
	http.HandleFunc("/body", body)
	server.ListenAndServe()
}

十四、Goweb使用write方法向客户端发送响应

package main

import (
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
	server := http.Server{
		Addr: "127.0.0.1:8080",
	}
	http.HandleFunc("/write", writeExample)
	server.ListenAndServe()
}

func writeExample(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	str := `<html>
	<head><title>Go web </title></head>
	<body><h1>hello world</h1></body>
	</html>`
	w.Write([]byte(str))
}

十五、Goweb通过WriteHeader方法将状态码写入到响应当中

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
	server := http.Server{
		Addr: "127.0.0.1:8080",
	}
	http.HandleFunc("/writeheader", WriteHeader)
	server.ListenAndServe()
}

func WriteHeader(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	w.WriteHeader(501)
	fmt.Fprintln(w, "No such service,try next door.")
}

十六、通过编写首部实现客户端重定向

package main

import (
	"net/http"
)

type Post struct {
	User    string
	Threads []string
}

func main() {
	server := http.Server{
		Addr: "127.0.0.1:8080",
	}
	http.HandleFunc("/header", header)
	server.ListenAndServe()
}

func header(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	w.Header().Set("Location", "http://xstiku.com")
	w.WriteHeader(302)
}