linux epoll学习
#include <sys/time.h> /* For portability */ #include <sys/select.h> int select(int nfds, fd_set *readfds, fd_set *writefds, fd_set *exceptfds, struct timeval *timeout); Returns number of ready file descriptors, 0 on timeout, or –1 on error #include <sys/select.h> void FD_ZERO(fd_set *fdset); void FD_SET(int fd, fd_set *fdset); void FD_CLR(int fd, fd_set *fdset); int FD_ISSET(int fd, fd_set *fdset); Returns true (1) if fd is in fdset, or false (0) otherwise FD_ZERO() initializes the set pointed to by fdset to be empty. FD_SET() adds the file descriptor fd to the set pointed to by fdset. FD_CLR() removes the file descriptor fd from the set pointed to by fdset. FD_ISSET() returns true if the file descriptor fd is a member of the set pointed to by fdset. struct timeval { time_t tv_sec; /* Seconds */ suseconds_t tv_usec;/* Microseconds (long int) */ }; typedef struct { /*XPG4.2requiresthismembername.Otherwiseavoidthename fromtheglobalnamespace.*/ #ifdef__USE_XOPEN __fd_maskfds_bits[__FD_SETSIZE/__NFDBITS]; #define__FDS_BITS(set)((set)->fds_bits) #else __fd_mask__fds_bits[__FD_SETSIZE/__NFDBITS]; #define__FDS_BITS(set)((set)->__fds_bits) #endif }fd_set; /* linux下为 1024/8 = 128 Bytes */ ------------------ #include <sys/epoll.h> int epoll_create(int size); Returns file descriptor on success, or –1 on error Starting with kernel 2.6.27, Linux supports a new system call, epoll_create1(). This system call performs the same task as epoll_create(), but drops the obsolete size argument and adds a flags argument that can be used to modify the behavior of the system call. One flag is currently supported: EPOLL_CLOEXEC, which causes the kernel to enable the close-on-exec flag (FD_CLOEXEC) for the new file descriptor. This flag is useful for the same reasons as the open() O_CLOEXEC flag described in Section 4.3.1 #include <sys/epoll.h> int epoll_ctl(int epfd, int op, int fd, struct epoll_event *ev); Returns 0 on success, or –1 on error The fd argument identifies which of the file descriptors in the interest list is to have its settings modified. This argument can be a file descriptor for a 'pipe, FIFO, socket, POSIX message queue, inotify instance, terminal, device, or even another epoll descriptor' (i.e., we can build a kind of hierarchy of monitored descriptors). However, fd can’t be a file descriptor for a regular file or a directory (the error EPERM results). The op argument specifies the operation to be performed, and has one of the following values: EPOLL_CTL_ADD EPOLL_CTL_MOD EPOLL_CTL_DEL 共12字节: struct epoll_event { uint32_t events; /* epoll events (bit mask) */ epoll_data_t data; /* User data */ }; The data field of the epoll_event structure is typed as follows: typedef union epoll_data { void *ptr; //Pointer to user-defined data int fd; //File descriptor */ uint32_t u32; //32-bit integer */ uint64_t u64; //64-bit integer */ } epoll_data_t; #include <sys/epoll.h> int epoll_wait(int epfd, struct epoll_event *evlist, int maxevents, int timeout); Returns number of ready file descriptors, 0 on timeout, or –1 on error Table 63-8: Bit-mask values for the epoll events field Bit EPOLLIN Data other than high-priority data can be read EPOLLPRI High-priority data can be read EPOLLRDHUP Shutdown on peer socket (since Linux 2.6.17) EPOLLOUT Normal data can be written EPOLLET Employ edge-triggered event notification EPOLLONESHOT Disable monitoring after event notification EPOLLERR An error has occurred EPOLLHUP A hangup has occurred Input to Returned by epoll_ctl()? epoll_wait()? • • • • • • • • • • • •
// gcc epoll_input_fifo.c lib/error_functions.c lib/get_num.c -Ilib -o epoll_input_fifo.out #include <sys/epoll.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include "tlpi_hdr.h" #define MAX_BUF 1000 #define MAX_EVENTS 5 int main(int argc, char *argv[]){ int epfd, ready, fd, s, j, numOpenFds; struct epoll_event ev; struct epoll_event evlist[MAX_EVENTS]; char buf[MAX_BUF]; printf("EPOLLIN: 0x%x\n", EPOLLIN); printf("EPOLLHUP: 0x%x\n", EPOLLHUP); printf("EPOLLERR: 0x%x\n", EPOLLERR); if (argc < 2 || strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0) usageErr("%s file...\n", argv[0]); epfd = epoll_create(argc-1); if(epfd == -1) errExit("epoll_create"); for(j = 1; j < argc; j++){ fd = open(argv[j], O_RDONLY); if(fd == -1){ errExit("open"); } printf("Opened '%s' on fd %d\n", argv[j], fd); ev.events = EPOLLIN; // Only interested in input events ev.data.fd = fd; if(epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &ev) == -1) errExit("epoll_ctl"); } numOpenFds = argc - 1; while(numOpenFds > 0){ printf("About to epoll_wait()\n"); ready = epoll_wait(epfd, evlist, MAX_EVENTS, -1); if(ready == -1){ if(errno == EINTR) continue; else errExit("epoll_wait"); } printf("Ready: %d\n", ready); for(j=0;j<ready;j++){ printf(" fd=%d; events: %s%s%s\n", evlist[j].data.fd, (evlist[j].events & EPOLLIN) ? "EPOLLIN " : "", (evlist[j].events & EPOLLHUP) ? "EPOLLHUP " : "", (evlist[j].events & EPOLLERR) ? "EPOLLERR " : ""); if(evlist[j].events & EPOLLIN){ s = read(evlist[j].data.fd, buf, MAX_BUF); if(s == -1) errExit("read"); printf(" read %d bytes: %.*s\n", s,s,buf); } else if(evlist[j].events & (EPOLLHUP | EPOLLERR)) { printf(" closing fd %d\n", evlist[j].data.fd); if(close(evlist[j].data.fd)==-1) errExit("close"); numOpenFds--; } } } printf("All file descriptors closed. bye\n"); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); }
from: 《The Linux Programming Interface》P1355