【Shell】脚本文件实现数据的输出（纯干货）

一、echo用法:
echo使用说明：
echo命令支持-e选项，使用该选项可以让echo命令识别\后面的转义符号含义，常见转义符号如表1-1所示。其中\033或\e后面可以跟终端编码，终端编码可以用于定义终端的字体颜色、背景颜色、定位光标等。

①使用echo命令编写一个更有趣的脚本文件菜单！

#!/bin/bash
#version:1.0
#这个脚本仅演示菜单输出，没有具体的功能实现

echo "这是一个打印菜单的例子"

echo "1.查看网卡信息"
echo "2.查看内存信息"
echo "3.查看磁盘信息
4.查看CPU信息
5.查看账户信息"

#!/bin/bash
#Version:2.0
clear
echo -e "\033[42m---------------------------------\033[0m"
echo -e "\e[2;10H这里是菜单\t\t#"
echo -e "#\e[32m 1.查看网卡信息\e[0m                #"
echo -e "#\e[33m 2.查看内存信息\e[0m                #"
echo -e "#\e[34m 3.查看磁盘信息\e[0m                #"
echo -e "#\e[35m 4.查看CPU信息\e[0m                 #"
echo -e "#\e[36m 5.查看账户信息\e[0m                #"
echo -e "\033[42m---------------------------------\033[0m"
echo

②彩色打印字体

annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ echo -e "\033[1mOK"   #加粗显示OK后没关闭属性
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ echo -e "\e[1mOK\e[0m"  #使用\e和\033的效果相同
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ echo -e "\e[4mOK\e[0m"  #加下划线后输出OK
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ echo -e "\e[5mOK\e[0m"  #闪烁显示OK
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ echo -e "\e[30mOK\e[0m"  #黑色显示OK
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ echo -e "\e[31mOK\e[0m"  #红色显示OK
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ echo -e "\e[32mOK\e[0m"  #绿色显示OK
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ echo -e "\e[33mOK\e[0m"  #棕色显示OK
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ echo -e "\e[34mOK\e[0m"  #蓝色显示OK
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ echo -e "\e[35mOK\e[0m"  #紫色显示OK
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ echo -e "\e[36mOK\e[0m"  #蓝绿色显示OK
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ echo -e "\e[37mOK\e[0m"  #亮灰色显示OK
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ echo -e "\e[1;33mOK\e[0m"  #亮黄色显示OK
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ echo -e "\e[42mOK\e[0m"  #绿色背景显示OK
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ echo -e "\e[44mOK\e[0m"  #蓝色背景显示OK
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ echo -e "\e[32;44mOK\e[0m"  #绿色字体，蓝色背景显示OK

③实际应用Log区分打印：

echo -e "\e[32m[ info `date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`]\e[0m"
echo -e "\e[31m[ error `date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`]\e[0m"
echo -e "\e[33m[ warning `date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`]\e[0m"

二、printf用法:

annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ printf "%d\n" 12
12
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ printf "%d\n" abc
-bash: printf: abc: invalid number
0
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ printf "%5d\n" 12
   12
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ printf "%-5d\n" 12
12
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ printf "|%-10d|\n" 12  #右对齐输出12，占用10位宽度
|12        |
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ printf "|%10d|\n" 12  #左对齐输出12，占用10位宽度
|        12|
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ printf "%o\n" 10  #显示10的八进制值，八进制12转换为十进制正好是10
12
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ printf "%x\n" 10  显示10的十六进制值
a
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ printf "%d\n" 0x11
17
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ printf "%d\n" 011
9
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ printf "%u\n" 92347436534856442  
92347436534856442
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ printf "%f\n" 3.55  #打印小数
3.550000
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ printf "%.3f\n" 3.55  #打印小数，小数点后保留3位
3.550
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ printf "|%8.3f|\n" 3.55  #右对齐，占用8位宽度
|   3.550|
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ printf "|%-8.3f|\n" 3.55  #左对齐，占用8位宽度
|3.550   |
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ printf "%s\n" "hello"  #打印字符串
hello
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ printf "|%10s|\n" "hello"  #右对齐，占用10位宽度
|     hello|
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ printf "|%-10s|\n" "hello"  #左对齐，占用10位宽度
|hello     |
annie.wu@RMSH06:~/work$ printf "%s\t%s\n" "hello" "worlf"  #tab间隔打印2个字符串
hello   worlf