Scrapy的基本使用

爬取：http://quotes.toscrape.com

单页面

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy


class QuoteSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'quote'
    allowed_domains = ['quotes.toscrape.com']
    start_urls = ['http://quotes.toscrape.com/']
    """
    知识点
        1. text()获取标签的text
        2. @属性  获取属性的值
        3. extract()查找多个    extract_first() 查找一个
    """
    def parse(self, response):
        # print(response.text)
        quotes = response.xpath('//div[@class="col-md-8"]/div[@class="quote"]')
        # print(quotes)''
        for quote in quotes:
            print('=' * 20)
            # print(quote)
            # extract_first() 查找一个
            text = quote.xpath('.//span[@class="text"]/text()').extract_first()
            print(text)
            author = quote.xpath('.//span/small[@class="author"]/text()').extract_first()
            print(author)
            # extract()查找多个
            tags = quote.xpath('.//div[@class="tags"]/a[@class="tag"]/@href').extract()
            print(tags)

所有页面

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy


class QuoteSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'quote'
    allowed_domains = ['quotes.toscrape.com']
    start_urls = ['http://quotes.toscrape.com/']
    """
    知识点
        1. text()获取标签的text
        2. @属性  获取属性的值
        3. extract()查找多个    extract_first() 查找一个
        4. response.urljoin()     url拼接
        5. scrapy.Request(url=_next, callback=self.parse)   回调
    """
    def parse(self, response):
        # print(response.text)
        quotes = response.xpath('//div[@class="col-md-8"]/div[@class="quote"]')
        # print(quotes)''
        for quote in quotes:
            print('=' * 20)
            # print(quote)
            # extract_first() 查找一个
            text = quote.xpath('.//span[@class="text"]/text()').extract_first()
            print(text)
            author = quote.xpath('.//span/small[@class="author"]/text()').extract_first()
            print(author)
            # extract()查找多个
            tags = quote.xpath('.//div[@class="tags"]/a[@class="tag"]/@href').extract()
            print(tags)
        print('>' * 40)
        next_url = response.xpath('//div[@class="col-md-8"]/nav/ul[@class="pager"]/li[@class="next"]/a/@href').extract_first()
        print(next_url)
        # 拼接url
        _next = response.urljoin(next_url)
        print(_next)
        # callback 回调函数 
        yield scrapy.Request(url=_next, callback=self.parse)

补充

from scrapy import Spider, FormRequest
FormRequest(ulr= '', callback='', formdata='')