Django restframework

一、总纲

1、一切皆资源，操作既请求

2、分析

一个类(无参数)

查所有数据　　　　get　　　　　　　   返回所有数据

添加数据　　　　    post　　　　　　    返回添加的数据

另一个类(含参数)

查看某一条数据　　　　get　　　　　　返回这一条数据

修改某一条数据　　       put　　　　　　返回修改的这条数据

删除某条数据　　　　   delete　　　　   返回None

补充：

url后面是方法名，当url匹配成功后，再执行方法

三、Serializer

    class BookSerialize(serializers.Serializer):
        title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
        price = serializers.IntegerField()
        pub_date = serializers.DateField()
        # 外键
        publish = serializers.CharField(source="publish.name")
        # 多对多
        authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

        def get_authors(self, obj):
            temp = []
            for author in obj.authors.all():
                temp.append(author.name)
            return temp

 

四、ModelSerializer

1、简介

用法与ModelForm相似

2、作用

a、models表与序列化直接关联

b、校验、保存、更新数据

3、自定义字段

    publish = serializers.CharField(source="publish.name")

    def create(self, validated_data):
        print(validated_data)
        # {'publish': {'name': '1'}, 'title': 'swift', 'price': 99, 'pub_date': datetime.date(2018, 9, 10), 'authors': [<Author: tom>, <Author: alex>]}
        book = Book.objects.create(title=validated_data['title'], price=validated_data['price'],
                                   pub_date=validated_data['pub_date'], publish_id=validated_data['publish']['name'])
        book.authors.add(*validated_data['authors'])
        return book

 

4、Hyperlink

目的：自定义字段产生link，通过该link，访问某个对应的某个数据

path('publish/<publish_id>/', views.PublishDetailView.as_view(), name="publish_detail"),

class BookModelSerialize(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = '__all__'

    publish = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(
        # url的别名
        view_name="publish_detail",
        # 对应表的字段
        lookup_field="publish_id",
        # url的参数
        lookup_url_kwarg="publish_id"
    )

Add `context={'request': request}` when instantiating the serializer

BookModelSerialize(book_list, many=True, context={'request': request})

五、例子

1、配置文件

restframwork相当于app

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app01.apps.App01Config',
    'rest_framework',
]

2、模型(储存表关系)

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.


class Book(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = models.IntegerField()
    pub_date = models.DateField()
    publish = models.ForeignKey("Publish", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    authors = models.ManyToManyField("Author")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


class Publish(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

3、路由(CBV)

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

    path('books/', views.BookView.as_view()),
    path('books/<book_id>/', views.BookDetailView.as_view()),

    path('publish/', views.PublishView.as_view()),
    path('publish/<publish_id>/', views.PublishDetailView.as_view()),
]

4、模型序列化

from rest_framework import serializers
from app01.models import Author, Publish, Book


# 作者表的序列化
class PublishModelSerialize(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Publish
        fields = "__all__"


class BookModelSerialize(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = '__all__'

5、视图

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from app01.serialize import BookModelSerialize, PublishModelSerialize
from app01.models import Author, Publish, Book
from rest_framework.response import Response
# Create your views here.


class BookView(APIView):
    # 查看书籍， 返回所有数据(书籍信息)
    def get(self, request):
        book_list = Book.objects.all()
        book_serialize = BookModelSerialize(book_list, many=True)
        # return HttpResponse(author_serialize.data)
        return Response(book_serialize.data)

    # 添加书籍，并返回改书籍的数据
    def post(self, request):
        # 反序列化
        book = BookModelSerialize(data=request.data)
        if book.is_valid():
            book.save()
            return Response(book.data)
        else:
            return Response(book.errors)


class BookDetailView(APIView):
    # 查看某一部书，返回这本书
    def get(self, request, book_id):
        book_obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=book_id).first()
        book_serialize = BookModelSerialize(book_obj)
        return Response(book_serialize.data)

    # 修改书籍， 返回修改后的数据
    def put(self, request, book_id):
        book_obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=book_id).first()
        # 反序列化
        book = BookModelSerialize(book_obj, data=request.data)
        if book.is_valid():
            book.save()
            return Response(book.data)
        else:
            return Response(book.errors)

    # 删除书籍 返回None
    def delete(self, request, book_id):
        Book.objects.filter(pk=book_id).delete()
        return Response()


class PublishView(APIView):
    # 查看出版社， 返回所有数据(出版社信息)
    def get(self, request):
        publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
        publish_serialize = PublishModelSerialize(publish_list, many=True)
        # return HttpResponse(author_serialize.data)
        return Response(publish_serialize.data)

    # 添加出版社，并返回该出版社的数据
    def post(self, request):
        # 反序列化
        publish = PublishModelSerialize(data=request.data)
        if publish.is_valid():
            publish.save()
            return Response(publish.data)
        else:
            return Response(publish.errors)


class PublishDetailView(APIView):
    # 查看某一出版社，返回该出版社
    def get(self, request, publish_id):
        publish_obj = Publish.objects.filter(pk=publish_id).first()
        publish_serialize = PublishModelSerialize(publish_obj)
        return Response(publish_serialize.data)

    # 修改出版社， 返回修改后的数据
    def put(self, request, publish_id):
        publish_obj = Publish.objects.filter(pk=publish_id).first()
        # 反序列化
        publish = PublishModelSerialize(publish_obj, data=request.data)
        if publish.is_valid():
            publish.save()
            return Response(publish.data)
        else:
            return Response(publish.errors)

    # 删除出版社 返回None
    def delete(self, request, publish_id):
        Publish.objects.filter(pk=publish_id).delete()
        return Response()

 序列化补充

https://www.cnblogs.com/wt7018/p/11530962.html