AI
AI的定义
自计算机出现,人们就开始了对人工智能的思考。短短几年内便形成了独立的学科,人工智能学科。在60多年的岁月里取得了很大的发展。现在的人工智能已经成为了一门具有日臻完善的理论基础、日益广泛的应用领域和广泛交叉的前沿学科。
人工智能(AI),又称为机器智能或者计算机智能,在本质上有别于自然智能,时一种由人工手段模仿的人造智能;在可见的未来里,AI会在相当长的时间里处于基于大数据的批量处理,拟合出相应模型的计算机器。
AI的未来的看法
AI发展的最高形态极有可能是低级人工智能,即永远可以服务人类的工具,而不是超过人类。
AI目前的研究领域
问题求解与博弈
[1] Silver, D., Schrittwieser, J., Simonyan, K. et al. Mastering the game of Go without human knowledge. Nature 550, 354–359 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24270
逻辑推理与定理证明
[1] Appel K I , Haken W , Koch J . Every planar map is four colorable. Part II: Reducibility[J]. Illinois Journal of Mathematics, 1977, 21(1977).
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/246115566_Every_Planar_Map_is_Four_Colorable
计算智能
[1] Fukushima, K. Neocognitron: A self-organizing neural network model for a mechanism of pattern recognition unaffected by shift in position. Biol. Cybernetics 36, 193–202 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00344251
分布式人工智能与智能体
[1] Foerster, Jakob N. Deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning. University of Oxford, 2018.
https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a55621b3-53c0-4e1b-ad1c-92438b57ffa4
自动程序设计
[1] Ba Log, M. , et al. "DeepCoder: Learning to Write Programs."(2016).https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.01989
[2] Becker, K. , and J. Gottschlich . "AI Programmer: Autonomously Creating Software Programs Using Genetic Algorithms." (2017).
https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.05703
专家系统
[1] Indriani, Dwd , D. Wiastiti , and Mkom. "NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING WITH PROLOG." Information System (2010).
https://www.cs.nmsu.edu/ALP/2011/03/natural-language-processing-with-prolog-in-the-ibm-watson-system/
机器学习
[1] Krizhevsky, Alex, Ilya Sutskever, and Geoffrey E. Hinton. "Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks." Advances in neural information processing systems. 2012.
http://papers.nips.cc/paper/4824-imagenet-classification-with-deep-convolutional-neural-networks.pdf
自然语言理解
[1] Ankit Kumar, et al. "“Ask Me Anything: Dynamic Memory Networks for Natural Language Processing." arXiv preprint arXiv:1506.07285(2015).
https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.07285
机器人学
[1] Probabilistic Robotics Sebastian THRUN, Wolfram BURGARD, Dieter FOX.
https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//robots.stanford.edu/probabilistic-robotics/fig.pdf
模式识别
[1] Zhao, H. , J. Jia , and V Koltun. "Exploring Self-attention for Image Recognition." (2020).
https://hszhao.github.io/papers/cvpr20_san.pdf
计算机视觉
[1] Sun, K. , et al. "Deep High-Resolution Representation Learning for Human Pose Estimation." arXiv e-prints arXiv, 2019.
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.09212.pdf
神经网络
[1] Zhang, R. , P. Isola , and A. A. Efros . "Colorful Image Colorization." Springer International Publishing (2016).
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1603.08511.pdf
智能控制
[1] Anderson, Bdo , and J. B. Moore . "Optimal Control: Linear Quadratic Method." Prentice Hall(1998).
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260228778_Optimal_Control_Linear_Quadratic_Method
智能调度与指挥
[1] Joshi, C. K. , T. Laurent , and X. Bresson . "An Efficient Graph Convolutional Network Technique for the Travelling Salesman Problem." (2019).
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.01227.pdf
智能检索
[1] Siri Team. "Hey Siri: An On-device DNN-powered Voice Trigger for Apple’s Personal Assistant" October 2017.
https://machinelearning.apple.com/research/hey-siri
系统与语言工具
[1] Lattner, C. , et al. "MLIR: A Compiler Infrastructure for the End of Moore's Law." (2020).
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.11054.pdf
AI目前的应用领域
智能制造
这一项目定义过于广泛,目前基本全部的制造业都在向这个目标奋进,大体需要运用自动控制原理,计算机技术,统计学,运筹学以及大量工科专业知识。
智慧医疗
医院内或多或少都有一些相关的运用,主要是为了提升服务水平。
智慧农业
目前的现状是自动化远程控制农业,不过也确实正在向真正的智慧农业转变。
智能金融
2017年6月20日,百度与中国农业银行在北京签署战略合作协议,百度董事长兼首席执行官李彦宏提出“智能金融”概念。“智能金融”基于不断成熟的人工智能技术在金融领域的应用,逐渐获得金融行业的认同。“智能金融”概念被提及的背景之下,业界认为 :农业银行与百度通过AI Fintech的联合创新,将推动银行业进入智能金融时代。
https://fintech.baidu.com/
智能交通与智能驾驶
Waymo https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waymo
Apollo http://www.apollo.auto/
智慧城市
雄安新区 http://www.xiongan.gov.cn/blueprint/zhcs.htm
智能家居
HUAWEI HiLink 智能硬件生态 https://developer.huawei.com/consumer/cn/smarthome/
智能管理
智能媒体管理 https://help.aliyun.com/product/62354.html
智能经济
第六届世界互联网大会 https://2019.wicwuzhen.cn/web19/release/release/201910/t20191024_11244484.shtml