SQLServer2005 T-SQL 新特性（转载）
USE demo
GO
--creating worktables
CREATE TABLE student
(
stuid int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
stuname varchar(50)
)
CREATE TABLE score
(
stuid int NOT NULL REFERENCES student(stuid),
score int
)
GO
INSERT INTO student VALUES (101,'zhangsan')
INSERT INTO student VALUES (102,'wangwu')
INSERT INTO student VALUES (103,'lishi')
INSERT INTO student VALUES (104,'maliu')
--Invoking a run-time error
SET XACT_ABORT OFF
BEGIN TRAN
INSERT INTO score VALUES (101,90)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (102,78)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (107, 76) /* Foreign Key Error */
INSERT INTO score VALUES (103,81)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (104,65)
COMMIT TRAN
go
select * from student
select * from score
--Using the try..catch.. construct and invoking a run-time error
SET XACT_ABORT OFF
BEGIN TRY
BEGIN TRAN
GO
--creating worktables
CREATE TABLE student
(
stuid int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
stuname varchar(50)
)
CREATE TABLE score
(
stuid int NOT NULL REFERENCES student(stuid),
score int
)
GO
INSERT INTO student VALUES (101,'zhangsan')
INSERT INTO student VALUES (102,'wangwu')
INSERT INTO student VALUES (103,'lishi')
INSERT INTO student VALUES (104,'maliu')
--Invoking a run-time error
SET XACT_ABORT OFF
BEGIN TRAN
INSERT INTO score VALUES (101,90)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (102,78)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (107, 76) /* Foreign Key Error */
INSERT INTO score VALUES (103,81)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (104,65)
COMMIT TRAN
go
select * from student
select * from score
--Using the try..catch.. construct and invoking a run-time error
SET XACT_ABORT OFF
BEGIN TRY
BEGIN TRAN
use demo
go
CREATE TABLE Arrays
(
aid INT NOT NULL IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
array VARCHAR(7999) NOT NULL
)
go
INSERT INTO Arrays VALUES('')
INSERT INTO Arrays VALUES('10')
INSERT INTO Arrays VALUES('20,40,30')
INSERT INTO Arrays VALUES('-1,-3,-5')
GO
CREATE FUNCTION function1(@arr AS VARCHAR(7999))
RETURNS @t TABLE(pos INT NOT NULL, value INT NOT NULL)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @end AS INT, @start AS INT, @pos AS INT
SELECT @arr = @arr + ',', @pos = 1,
@start = 1, @end = CHARINDEX(',', @arr, @start)
WHILE @end > 1
BEGIN
INSERT INTO @t VALUES(@pos, SUBSTRING(@arr, @start, @end - @start))
SELECT @pos = @pos + 1,
@start = @end + 1, @end = CHARINDEX(',', @arr, @start)
END
RETURN
END
--test
select * from function1('200,400,300')
go
SELECT A.aid, F.*
FROM Arrays AS A
CROSS APPLY function1(array) AS F
go
SELECT A.aid, F.*
FROM Arrays AS A
OUTER APPLY function1(array) AS F
GO
go
CREATE TABLE Arrays
(
aid INT NOT NULL IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
array VARCHAR(7999) NOT NULL
)
go
INSERT INTO Arrays VALUES('')
INSERT INTO Arrays VALUES('10')
INSERT INTO Arrays VALUES('20,40,30')
INSERT INTO Arrays VALUES('-1,-3,-5')
GO
CREATE FUNCTION function1(@arr AS VARCHAR(7999))
RETURNS @t TABLE(pos INT NOT NULL, value INT NOT NULL)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @end AS INT, @start AS INT, @pos AS INT
SELECT @arr = @arr + ',', @pos = 1,
@start = 1, @end = CHARINDEX(',', @arr, @start)
WHILE @end > 1
BEGIN
INSERT INTO @t VALUES(@pos, SUBSTRING(@arr, @start, @end - @start))
SELECT @pos = @pos + 1,
@start = @end + 1, @end = CHARINDEX(',', @arr, @start)
END
RETURN
END
--test
select * from function1('200,400,300')
go
SELECT A.aid, F.*
FROM Arrays AS A
CROSS APPLY function1(array) AS F
go
SELECT A.aid, F.*
FROM Arrays AS A
OUTER APPLY function1(array) AS F
GO
USE AdventureWorks
GO
WITH SalesCTE(ProductID, SalesOrderID)
AS
(
SELECT ProductID, COUNT(SalesOrderID)
FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail
GROUP BY ProductID
)
SELECT * FROM SalesCTE
----
-- Using CTEs Recursively
use demo
go
CREATE TABLE CarParts
(
CarID int NOT NULL,
Part varchar(15),
SubPart varchar(15),
Qty int
)
GO
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Body', 'Door', 4)
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Body', 'Trunk Lid', 1)
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Body', 'Car Hood', 1)
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Door', 'Handle', 1)
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Door', 'Lock', 1)
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Door', 'Window', 1)
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Body', 'Rivets', 1000)
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Door', 'Rivets', 100)
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Door', 'Mirror', 1)
go
select * from CarParts
go
WITH CarPartsCTE(SubPart, Qty)
AS
(
-- Anchor Member (AM):
-- SELECT query that doesn’t refer back to CarPartsCTE
SELECT SubPart, Qty
FROM CarParts
WHERE Part = 'Body'
UNION ALL
-- Recursive Member (RM):
-- SELECT query that refers back to CarPartsCTE
SELECT CarParts.SubPart, CarPartsCTE.Qty * CarParts.Qty
FROM CarPartsCTE
INNER JOIN CarParts ON CarPartsCTE.SubPart = CarParts.Part
WHERE CarParts.CarID = 1
)
--outer query
SELECT SubPart, SUM(Qty) AS TotalNUM
FROM CarPartsCTE
GROUP BY SubPart
GO
WITH SalesCTE(ProductID, SalesOrderID)
AS
(
SELECT ProductID, COUNT(SalesOrderID)
FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail
GROUP BY ProductID
)
SELECT * FROM SalesCTE
----
-- Using CTEs Recursively
use demo
go
CREATE TABLE CarParts
(
CarID int NOT NULL,
Part varchar(15),
SubPart varchar(15),
Qty int
)
GO
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Body', 'Door', 4)
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Body', 'Trunk Lid', 1)
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Body', 'Car Hood', 1)
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Door', 'Handle', 1)
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Door', 'Lock', 1)
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Door', 'Window', 1)
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Body', 'Rivets', 1000)
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Door', 'Rivets', 100)
INSERT CarParts
VALUES (1, 'Door', 'Mirror', 1)
go
select * from CarParts
go
WITH CarPartsCTE(SubPart, Qty)
AS
(
-- Anchor Member (AM):
-- SELECT query that doesn’t refer back to CarPartsCTE
SELECT SubPart, Qty
FROM CarParts
WHERE Part = 'Body'
UNION ALL
-- Recursive Member (RM):
-- SELECT query that refers back to CarPartsCTE
SELECT CarParts.SubPart, CarPartsCTE.Qty * CarParts.Qty
FROM CarPartsCTE
INNER JOIN CarParts ON CarPartsCTE.SubPart = CarParts.Part
WHERE CarParts.CarID = 1
)
--outer query
SELECT SubPart, SUM(Qty) AS TotalNUM
FROM CarPartsCTE
GROUP BY SubPart
use demo
go
CREATE TRIGGER prevent_drop_table ON DATABASE FOR DROP_TABLE
AS
RAISERROR('Not allowed to drop tables.', 10, 1)
PRINT 'DROP TABLE attempt in database ' + DB_NAME() + '.'
PRINT CONVERT (nvarchar (1000),EventData())
ROLLBACK
GO
-- test
CREATE TABLE TestDROP(col1 INT)
go
INSERT INTO TestDROP VALUES(1)
drop talbe testdrop
-- Server
CREATE TRIGGER audit_ddl_logins ON ALL SERVER
FOR CREATE_LOGIN, ALTER_LOGIN, DROP_LOGIN
AS
PRINT 'DDL LOGIN took place.'
PRINT CONVERT (nvarchar (1000),EventData())
GO
-- test
CREATE LOGIN login1 WITH PASSWORD = '123'
ALTER LOGIN login1 WITH PASSWORD = 'xyz'
DROP LOGIN login1
go
CREATE TRIGGER prevent_drop_table ON DATABASE FOR DROP_TABLE
AS
RAISERROR('Not allowed to drop tables.', 10, 1)
PRINT 'DROP TABLE attempt in database ' + DB_NAME() + '.'
PRINT CONVERT (nvarchar (1000),EventData())
ROLLBACK
GO
-- test
CREATE TABLE TestDROP(col1 INT)
go
INSERT INTO TestDROP VALUES(1)
drop talbe testdrop
-- Server
CREATE TRIGGER audit_ddl_logins ON ALL SERVER
FOR CREATE_LOGIN, ALTER_LOGIN, DROP_LOGIN
AS
PRINT 'DDL LOGIN took place.'
PRINT CONVERT (nvarchar (1000),EventData())
GO
-- test
CREATE LOGIN login1 WITH PASSWORD = '123'
ALTER LOGIN login1 WITH PASSWORD = 'xyz'
DROP LOGIN login1
--create table and insert data
use demo
go
CREATE TABLE tt
(id INT IDENTITY, c1 VARCHAR(15))
go
INSERT INTO tt VALUES ('r1')
INSERT INTO tt VALUES ('r2')
INSERT INTO tt VALUES ('r5')
INSERT INTO tt VALUES ('r6')
INSERT INTO tt VALUES ('r7')
INSERT INTO tt VALUES ('r8')
INSERT INTO tt VALUES ('r9')
INSERT INTO tt VALUES ('r10')
--make a table variable to hold the results of the OUTPUT clause
DECLARE @del AS TABLE (deletedId INT, deletedValue VARCHAR(15))
DELETE tt
OUTPUT DELETED.id, DELETED.c1 INTO @del
WHERE id < 3
SELECT * FROM @del
GO
use demo
go
CREATE TABLE tt
(id INT IDENTITY, c1 VARCHAR(15))
go
INSERT INTO tt VALUES ('r1')
INSERT INTO tt VALUES ('r2')
INSERT INTO tt VALUES ('r5')
INSERT INTO tt VALUES ('r6')
INSERT INTO tt VALUES ('r7')
INSERT INTO tt VALUES ('r8')
INSERT INTO tt VALUES ('r9')
INSERT INTO tt VALUES ('r10')
--make a table variable to hold the results of the OUTPUT clause
DECLARE @del AS TABLE (deletedId INT, deletedValue VARCHAR(15))
DELETE tt
OUTPUT DELETED.id, DELETED.c1 INTO @del
WHERE id < 3
SELECT * FROM @del
GO
ROW_NUMBER是结果集的顺序, 而不是数据库中纪录存放的原始顺序
use demo
go
create table rankorder
(orderid int,
qty int
)
go
insert rankorder values(30001,10)
insert rankorder values(10001,10)
insert rankorder values(10006,10)
insert rankorder values(40005,10)
insert rankorder values(30003,15)
insert rankorder values(30004,20)
insert rankorder values(20002,20)
insert rankorder values(20001,20)
insert rankorder values(10005,30)
insert rankorder values(30007,30)
insert rankorder values(40001,40)
go
SELECT orderid,qty,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY qty) AS rownumber,
RANK() OVER(ORDER BY qty) AS rank,
DENSE_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY qty) AS denserank
FROM rankorder
ORDER BY qty
use demo
go
create table rankorder
(orderid int,
qty int
)
go
insert rankorder values(30001,10)
insert rankorder values(10001,10)
insert rankorder values(10006,10)
insert rankorder values(40005,10)
insert rankorder values(30003,15)
insert rankorder values(30004,20)
insert rankorder values(20002,20)
insert rankorder values(20001,20)
insert rankorder values(10005,30)
insert rankorder values(30007,30)
insert rankorder values(40001,40)
go
SELECT orderid,qty,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY qty) AS rownumber,
RANK() OVER(ORDER BY qty) AS rank,
DENSE_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY qty) AS denserank
FROM rankorder
ORDER BY qty
create database demo2
go
use demo2
alter database demo2 set allow_snapshot_isolation on
create table test
( tid int not null primary key,
tname varchar(50) not null
)
insert into test values(1,'version1')
insert into test values(2,'version2')
--connection 1
use demo2
begin tran
update test set tname='version3' where tid=2
select * from test
--connection 2
use demo2
set transaction isolation level snapshot
select * from test
--it will ok, you can see it
go
use demo2
alter database demo2 set allow_snapshot_isolation on
create table test
( tid int not null primary key,
tname varchar(50) not null
)
insert into test values(1,'version1')
insert into test values(2,'version2')
--connection 1
use demo2
begin tran
update test set tname='version3' where tid=2
select * from test
--connection 2
use demo2
set transaction isolation level snapshot
select * from test
--it will ok, you can see it
--create a table and insert some data
use demo
go
CREATE TABLE toptest (column1 VARCHAR(150))
go
INSERT INTO toptest VALUES('t1')
INSERT INTO toptest VALUES('t2')
INSERT INTO toptest VALUES('t3')
INSERT INTO toptest VALUES('t4')
INSERT INTO toptest VALUES('t5')
INSERT INTO toptest VALUES('t6')
INSERT INTO toptest VALUES('t7')
INSERT INTO toptest VALUES('t8')
select * from toptest
go
CREATE TABLE toptest2 (column2 VARCHAR(150))
go
INSERT INTO toptest2 VALUES('c1')
INSERT INTO toptest2 VALUES('c2')
--declare 3 variables
DECLARE @a INT
DECLARE @b INT
DECLARE @c INT
--set values
SET @a = 10
SET @b = 5
SELECT @c = @a/@b
--use the calculated expression
SELECT TOP(@c) * FROM toptest
--use a SELECT statement as expression
SELECT TOP(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM toptest2) *
FROM toptest
--DML top
DELETE TOP(2) toptest where column1>'t6'
--this sets 't1' and 't2' to 'hi'
UPDATE TOP(2) toptest SET column1 = 'hi' where column1<='t2'
SELECT * FROM toptest
use demo
go
CREATE TABLE toptest (column1 VARCHAR(150))
go
INSERT INTO toptest VALUES('t1')
INSERT INTO toptest VALUES('t2')
INSERT INTO toptest VALUES('t3')
INSERT INTO toptest VALUES('t4')
INSERT INTO toptest VALUES('t5')
INSERT INTO toptest VALUES('t6')
INSERT INTO toptest VALUES('t7')
INSERT INTO toptest VALUES('t8')
select * from toptest
go
CREATE TABLE toptest2 (column2 VARCHAR(150))
go
INSERT INTO toptest2 VALUES('c1')
INSERT INTO toptest2 VALUES('c2')
--declare 3 variables
DECLARE @a INT
DECLARE @b INT
DECLARE @c INT
--set values
SET @a = 10
SET @b = 5
SELECT @c = @a/@b
--use the calculated expression
SELECT TOP(@c) * FROM toptest
--use a SELECT statement as expression
SELECT TOP(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM toptest2) *
FROM toptest
--DML top
DELETE TOP(2) toptest where column1>'t6'
--this sets 't1' and 't2' to 'hi'
UPDATE TOP(2) toptest SET column1 = 'hi' where column1<='t2'
SELECT * FROM toptest
use demo
go
CREATE TABLE test
(
tid INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
tname VARCHAR(MAX) NULL
)
INSERT INTO test(tid,tname) VALUES(102, 'Customer 102 text data')
select * from test
UPDATE test SET tname.WRITE('one hundred and two', 9, 3) WHERE tid = 102
select * from test
go
CREATE TABLE test
(
tid INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
tname VARCHAR(MAX) NULL
)
INSERT INTO test(tid,tname) VALUES(102, 'Customer 102 text data')
select * from test
UPDATE test SET tname.WRITE('one hundred and two', 9, 3) WHERE tid = 102
select * from test
use demo
go
create table orders
(Customer varchar(10) not null,
product varchar(20) not null,
quantity int not null)
go
insert orders values('Mike', 'Bike',3)
insert orders values('Mike','Chain',2)
insert orders values('Mike','Bike',5)
insert orders values('Lisa','Bike',3)
insert orders values('Lisa','Chain',3)
insert orders values('Lisa','Chain',4)
insert orders values('Lisa','Bike',2)
select * from orders
select * from orders
pivot (sum(quantity) for product in ([Bike],[Chain])) as a
use demo
go
CREATE TABLE SALES1
(
[Year] INT,
Quarter CHAR(2),
Amount FLOAT
)
GO
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2001, 'Q1', 80)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2001, 'Q2', 70)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2001, 'Q3', 55)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2001, 'Q3', 110)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2001, 'Q4', 90)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2002, 'Q1', 200)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2002, 'Q2', 150)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2002, 'Q2', 40)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2002, 'Q2', 60)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2002, 'Q3', 120)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2002, 'Q3', 110)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2002, 'Q4', 180)
GO
SELECT * FROM SALES1
PIVOT
(SUM (Amount) --Aggregate the Amount column using SUM
FOR [Quarter] --Pivot the Quarter column into column headings
IN (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4)) --use these quarters
AS P
GO
select * into temp1 from orders
pivot (sum(quantity) for product in ([Bike],[Chain])) as a
select * from temp1
select customer, product,quantity
froam temp1
unpivot(quantity for product in ([Bike],[Chain])) as a
go
create table orders
(Customer varchar(10) not null,
product varchar(20) not null,
quantity int not null)
go
insert orders values('Mike', 'Bike',3)
insert orders values('Mike','Chain',2)
insert orders values('Mike','Bike',5)
insert orders values('Lisa','Bike',3)
insert orders values('Lisa','Chain',3)
insert orders values('Lisa','Chain',4)
insert orders values('Lisa','Bike',2)
select * from orders
select * from orders
pivot (sum(quantity) for product in ([Bike],[Chain])) as a
use demo
go
CREATE TABLE SALES1
(
[Year] INT,
Quarter CHAR(2),
Amount FLOAT
)
GO
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2001, 'Q1', 80)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2001, 'Q2', 70)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2001, 'Q3', 55)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2001, 'Q3', 110)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2001, 'Q4', 90)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2002, 'Q1', 200)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2002, 'Q2', 150)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2002, 'Q2', 40)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2002, 'Q2', 60)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2002, 'Q3', 120)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2002, 'Q3', 110)
INSERT INTO SALES1 VALUES (2002, 'Q4', 180)
GO
SELECT * FROM SALES1
PIVOT
(SUM (Amount) --Aggregate the Amount column using SUM
FOR [Quarter] --Pivot the Quarter column into column headings
IN (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4)) --use these quarters
AS P
GO
select * into temp1 from orders
pivot (sum(quantity) for product in ([Bike],[Chain])) as a
select * from temp1
select customer, product,quantity
froam temp1
unpivot(quantity for product in ([Bike],[Chain])) as a
