ASP.NET MVC路由配置详解
命名参数规范+匿名对象
routes.MapRoute( name: "Default", url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}", defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } );
构造路由然后添加
Route myRoute = new Route("{controller}/{action}", new MvcRouteHandler()); routes.Add("MyRoute", myRoute);
直接方法重载+匿名对象
routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema", "Shop/{action}", new { controller = "Home" });
个人觉得第一种比较易懂,第二种方便调试,第三种写起来比较效率吧。各取所需吧。本文行文偏向于第三种。
1.默认路由(MVC自带)
routes.MapRoute( "Default", // 路由名称 "{controller}/{action}/{id}", // 带有参数的 URL new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } // 参数默认值 (UrlParameter.Optional-可选的意思) );
2.静态URL段
routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema2", "Shop/OldAction", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" }); routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema", "Shop/{action}", new { controller = "Home" }); routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema2", "Shop/OldAction.js", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" });
没有占位符路由就是现成的写死的。
比如这样写然后去访问http://localhost:XXX/Shop/OldAction.js,response也是完全没问题的。 controller , action , area这三个保留字就别设静态变量里面了。
3.自定义常规变量URL段(好吧这翻译暴露智商了)
routes.MapRoute("MyRoute2", "{controller}/{action}/{id}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "DefaultId" });
这种情况如果访问 /Home/Index 的话,因为第三段(id)没有值,根据路由规则这个参数会被设为DefaultId
这个用viewbag给title赋值就能很明显看出
ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values["id"];
图不贴了,结果是标题显示为DefaultId。 注意要在控制器里面赋值,在视图赋值没法编译的。
4.再述默认路由
然后再回到默认路由。 UrlParameter.Optional这个叫可选URL段.路由里没有这个参数的话id为null。 照原文大致说法,这个可选URL段能用来实现一个关注点的分离。刚才在路由里直接设定参数默认值其实不是很好。照我的理解,实际参数是用户发来的,我们做的只是定义形式参数名。但是,如果硬要给参数赋默认值的话,建议用语法糖写到action参数里面。比如:
public ActionResult Index(string id = "abcd") { ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values["id"]; return View(); }
5.可变长度路由。
routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional });
在这里id和最后一段都是可变的,所以 /Home/Index/dabdafdaf 等效于 /Home/Index//abcdefdjldfiaeahfoeiho 等效于 /Home/Index/All/Delete/Perm/.....
6.跨命名空间路由
这个提醒一下记得引用命名空间,开启IIS网站不然就是404。这个非常非主流,不建议瞎搞。
routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers", "UrlsAndRoutes.Controllers" });
但是这样写的话数组排名不分先后的,如果有多个匹配的路由会报错。 然后作者提出了一种改进写法。
routes.MapRoute("AddContollerRoute", "Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" }); routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers" });
这样第一个URL段不是Home的都交给第二个处理 最后还可以设定这个路由找不到的话就不给后面的路由留后路啦,也就不再往下找啦。
Route myRoute = routes.MapRoute("AddContollerRoute", "Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" }); myRoute.DataTokens["UseNamespaceFallback"] = false;
7.正则表达式匹配路由
routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new { controller = "^H.*"}, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"});
约束多个URL
routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new { controller = "^H.*", action = "^Index$|^About$"}, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"});
8.指定请求方法
routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new { controller = "^H.*", action = "Index|About", httpMethod = new HttpMethodConstraint("GET") }, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers" });
9.最后还是不爽的话自己写个类实现 IRouteConstraint的匹配方法。
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.Routing; /// <summary> /// If the standard constraints are not sufficient for your needs, you can define your own custom constraints by implementing the IRouteConstraint interface. /// </summary> public class UserAgentConstraint : IRouteConstraint { private string requiredUserAgent; public UserAgentConstraint(string agentParam) { requiredUserAgent = agentParam; } public bool Match(HttpContextBase httpContext, Route route, string parameterName, RouteValueDictionary values, RouteDirection routeDirection) { return httpContext.Request.UserAgent != null && httpContext.Request.UserAgent.Contains(requiredUserAgent); } } routes.MapRoute("ChromeRoute", "{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" }, new { customConstraint = new UserAgentConstraint("Chrome") }, new[] { "UrlsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" });
比如这个就用来匹配是否是用谷歌浏览器访问网页的。
10.访问本地文档
routes.RouteExistingFiles = true; routes.MapRoute("DiskFile", "Content/StaticContent.html", new { controller = "Customer", action = "List", });
浏览网站,以开启 IIS Express,然后点显示所有应用程序-点击网站名称-配置(applicationhost.config)-搜索UrlRoutingModule节点
<add name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule" preCondition="managedHandler,runtimeVersionv4.0" />
把这个节点里的preCondition删除,变成
<add name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule" preCondition="" />
11.直接访问本地资源,绕过了路由系统
routes.IgnoreRoute("Content/{filename}.html");
文件名还可以用 {filename}占位符。
IgnoreRoute方法是RouteCollection里面StopRoutingHandler类的一个实例。路由系统通过硬-编码识别这个Handler。如果这个规则匹配的话,后面的规则都无效了。 这也就是默认的路由里面routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");写最前面的原因。