ASP.NET MVC路由配置详解

命名参数规范+匿名对象

routes.MapRoute( name: "Default", url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}", defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } );

  

构造路由然后添加

Route myRoute = new Route("{controller}/{action}", new MvcRouteHandler()); routes.Add("MyRoute", myRoute);

  

直接方法重载+匿名对象

routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema", "Shop/{action}", new { controller = "Home" });

个人觉得第一种比较易懂,第二种方便调试,第三种写起来比较效率吧。各取所需吧。本文行文偏向于第三种。

1.默认路由(MVC自带)

routes.MapRoute( "Default", // 路由名称 "{controller}/{action}/{id}", // 带有参数的 URL new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } // 参数默认值 (UrlParameter.Optional-可选的意思) );

2.静态URL段

routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema2", "Shop/OldAction", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" }); 

routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema", "Shop/{action}", new { controller = "Home" }); 

routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema2", "Shop/OldAction.js", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" });

  

没有占位符路由就是现成的写死的。

比如这样写然后去访问http://localhost:XXX/Shop/OldAction.js,response也是完全没问题的。 controller , action , area这三个保留字就别设静态变量里面了。

3.自定义常规变量URL段(好吧这翻译暴露智商了)

routes.MapRoute("MyRoute2", "{controller}/{action}/{id}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "DefaultId" });

  

这种情况如果访问 /Home/Index 的话,因为第三段(id)没有值,根据路由规则这个参数会被设为DefaultId

这个用viewbag给title赋值就能很明显看出

ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values["id"];

图不贴了,结果是标题显示为DefaultId。 注意要在控制器里面赋值,在视图赋值没法编译的。

4.再述默认路由

然后再回到默认路由。 UrlParameter.Optional这个叫可选URL段.路由里没有这个参数的话id为null。 照原文大致说法,这个可选URL段能用来实现一个关注点的分离。刚才在路由里直接设定参数默认值其实不是很好。照我的理解,实际参数是用户发来的,我们做的只是定义形式参数名。但是,如果硬要给参数赋默认值的话,建议用语法糖写到action参数里面。比如:

public ActionResult Index(string id = "abcd") { ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values["id"]; return View(); }

  

5.可变长度路由。

routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional });

  

在这里id和最后一段都是可变的,所以 /Home/Index/dabdafdaf 等效于 /Home/Index//abcdefdjldfiaeahfoeiho 等效于 /Home/Index/All/Delete/Perm/.....

6.跨命名空间路由

这个提醒一下记得引用命名空间,开启IIS网站不然就是404。这个非常非主流,不建议瞎搞。

routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers", "UrlsAndRoutes.Controllers" });

  

但是这样写的话数组排名不分先后的,如果有多个匹配的路由会报错。 然后作者提出了一种改进写法。

routes.MapRoute("AddContollerRoute", "Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" }); 

routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers" });

  

这样第一个URL段不是Home的都交给第二个处理 最后还可以设定这个路由找不到的话就不给后面的路由留后路啦,也就不再往下找啦。

Route myRoute = routes.MapRoute("AddContollerRoute", "Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" }); 

myRoute.DataTokens["UseNamespaceFallback"] = false;

  

7.正则表达式匹配路由

routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
 new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
 new { controller = "^H.*"}, 
new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"});

  

约束多个URL

routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, 
new { controller = "^H.*", action = "^Index$|^About$"}, 
new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"});

  

8.指定请求方法

routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",

new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, 

new { controller = "^H.*", action = "Index|About", httpMethod = new HttpMethodConstraint("GET") }, 

new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers" });

  

9.最后还是不爽的话自己写个类实现 IRouteConstraint的匹配方法。

using System;
  using System.Collections.Generic;
  using System.Linq;
  using System.Web;
  using System.Web.Routing;
  /// <summary>
  /// If the standard constraints are not sufficient for your needs, you can define your own custom constraints by implementing the IRouteConstraint interface. 
  /// </summary>
  public class UserAgentConstraint : IRouteConstraint
  {

    private string requiredUserAgent;
    public UserAgentConstraint(string agentParam)
    {
      requiredUserAgent = agentParam;
    }
    public bool Match(HttpContextBase httpContext, Route route, string parameterName,
    RouteValueDictionary values, RouteDirection routeDirection)
    {
      return httpContext.Request.UserAgent != null &&
      httpContext.Request.UserAgent.Contains(requiredUserAgent);
    }
  }
routes.MapRoute("ChromeRoute", "{*catchall}", 

new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" }, 

new { customConstraint = new UserAgentConstraint("Chrome") }, 

new[] { "UrlsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" });

  

比如这个就用来匹配是否是用谷歌浏览器访问网页的。

10.访问本地文档

routes.RouteExistingFiles = true; 

routes.MapRoute("DiskFile", "Content/StaticContent.html", new { controller = "Customer", action = "List", });

  

浏览网站,以开启 IIS Express,然后点显示所有应用程序-点击网站名称-配置(applicationhost.config)-搜索UrlRoutingModule节点

<add name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule" preCondition="managedHandler,runtimeVersionv4.0" />

  

把这个节点里的preCondition删除,变成

<add name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule" preCondition="" />

  

11.直接访问本地资源,绕过了路由系统

routes.IgnoreRoute("Content/{filename}.html");

  

文件名还可以用 {filename}占位符。

IgnoreRoute方法是RouteCollection里面StopRoutingHandler类的一个实例。路由系统通过硬-编码识别这个Handler。如果这个规则匹配的话,后面的规则都无效了。 这也就是默认的路由里面routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");写最前面的原因。

 

posted on 2016-04-06 17:38  狼来了  阅读(1475)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报