Restful风格wcf调用

写在前面

公司有个项目,需要和sharepoint集成,用到了restful,在网上查了一下,wcf方式来实现,还是很方便的,就采用了这种方式,至于web api,没研究过,由于接口急着用,就采用wcf了,用起来也比较顺手。

概念

什么是rest?

REST 描述了一个架构样式的互联系统(如 Web 应用程序)。REST 约束条件作为一个整体应用时,将生成一个简单、可扩展、有效、安全、可靠的架构。由于它简便、轻量级以及通过 HTTP 直接传输数据的特性,RESTful Web 服务成为基于 SOAP 服务的一个最有前途的替代方案。用于 web 服务和动态 Web 应用程序的多层架构可以实现可重用性、简单性、可扩展性和组件可响应性的清晰分离。开发人员可以轻松使用 Ajax 和 RESTful Web 服务一起创建丰富的界面。

REST 指的是一组架构约束条件和原则。满足这些约束条件和原则的应用程序或设计就是 RESTful。

一个例子

新建一个wcf项目。代码如下:

契约

    // NOTE: You can use the "Rename" command on the "Refactor" menu to change the interface name "IService1" in both code and config file together.
    [ServiceContract]
    public interface IUserService
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 获得所有的用户信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>json或者xml</returns>
        [OperationContract]
        [WebGet(UriTemplate = "api/query", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml)]
        List<UserInfo> QueryList();
        /// <summary>
        /// 根据id查询用户信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="id"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [OperationContract]
        [WebGet(UriTemplate = "api/querybyid/{id}", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json)]
        UserInfo Query(string id);
        /// <summary>
        /// 根据名字查询
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="name"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [OperationContract]
        [WebInvoke(UriTemplate = "api/querybyname/{name}", Method = "GET", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml)]
        UserInfo QueryByName(string name);
        /// <summary>
        /// 根据编号删除用户信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="id"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [OperationContract]
        [WebInvoke(UriTemplate = "api/delete/{id}", Method = "DELETE", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml)]
        bool Delete(string id);
        /// <summary>
        /// 添加用户信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="userInfo"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [OperationContract]
        [WebInvoke(UriTemplate = "api/add", Method = "POST", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml)]
        bool Insert(UserInfo userInfo);
        /// <summary>
        /// 更新用户信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="userInfo"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [OperationContract]
        [WebInvoke(UriTemplate = "api/modify", Method = "PUT", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml)]
        bool Update(UserInfo userInfo);
    }

服务

    // NOTE: You can use the "Rename" command on the "Refactor" menu to change the class name "Service1" in code, svc and config file together.
    // NOTE: In order to launch WCF Test Client for testing this service, please select Service1.svc or Service1.svc.cs at the Solution Explorer and start debugging.
    public class UserService : IUserService
    {

        /// <summary>
        /// 获得所有的用户信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>json或者xml</returns>
        public List<UserInfo> QueryList()
        {
            return new List<UserInfo>() { 
                new UserInfo() { ID = 1, Name = "wofly", Age = 22, Birthday = DateTime.Now, Gender = true }, 
                  new UserInfo() { ID = 2, Name = "san zhang", Age = 21, Birthday = DateTime.Now, Gender = true }, 
                    new UserInfo() { ID = 3, Name = "wukong sun", Age = 23, Birthday = DateTime.Now, Gender = false }, 
                      new UserInfo() { ID = 4 Name = "zi ma", Age = 45, Birthday = DateTime.Now, Gender = true }
            };
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 根据id查询用户信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="id"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public UserInfo Query(string id)
        {

            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(id))
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("id");
            }
            var users = QueryList();
            int iId = Convert.ToInt32(id);
            return users.Where(x => x.ID == iId).FirstOrDefault();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 根据编号删除用户信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="id"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool Delete(string id)
        {
               if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(id))
                {
                    throw new ArgumentNullException("id");
                }

            //当前操作上下文
            WebOperationContext woc = WebOperationContext.Current;
            //状态码
            woc.OutgoingResponse.StatusCode = System.Net.HttpStatusCode.OK;
            try
            {
                var users = QueryList();
                int iId = Convert.ToInt32(id);
                var user = users.Where(x => x.ID == iId).FirstOrDefault();
                return users.Remove(user);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {

                throw ex;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 添加用户信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="userInfo"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool Insert(UserInfo userInfo)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 更新用户信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="userInfo"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool Update(UserInfo userInfo)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据名字查询
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="name"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public UserInfo QueryByName(string name)
        {
            var users = QueryList();
            return users.Where(x => x.Name.Equals(name)).FirstOrDefault();
        }
    }

用户信息类

    /// <summary>
    /// 用户信息类
    /// </summary>
    [DataContract]
    public class UserInfo
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 编号
        /// </summary>
        [DataMember]
        public int ID { set; get; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 名字
        /// </summary>
        [DataMember]
        public string Name { set; get; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 性别
        /// </summary>
        [DataMember]
        public bool Gender { set; get; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 年龄
        /// </summary>
        [DataMember]
        public int Age { set; get; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 生日
        /// </summary>
        [DataMember]
        public DateTime Birthday { set; get; }
    }

通过 WCF 4.0 里创建的 WCF Service Application 发布REST服务很简单,只需要在 svc 的 Markup 里加上 Factory:

<%@ ServiceHost Language="C#" Debug="true" Service="Wolfy.WCFRestfuleDemo.UserService" CodeBehind="UserService.svc.cs"  %>

修改后

<%@ ServiceHost Language="C#" Debug="true" Service="Wolfy.WCFRestfuleDemo.UserService" CodeBehind="UserService.svc.cs"  Factory="System.ServiceModel.Activation.WebServiceHostFactory"%>

修改前,浏览svc服务

修改后

注意:UriTemplate 路径段的变量类型必须为“字符串”。

修改后,浏览svc服务

到这里,你应该发现了,WCF的Metadata不能访问了,也就说不能访问svc的wsdl了。

测试

在浏览器中输入:http://localhost:21074/UserService.svc/api/query

到这里已经成功了,那么我们访问一下id为1用户信息

http://localhost:21074/UserService.svc/api/querybyid/1

{"Age":22,"Birthday":"\/Date(1433419746141+0800)\/","Gender":true,"ID":1,"Name":"wofly"}

路由方式访问

看到上面的url,很像mvc的路由,那有没有办法修改成路由访问方式呢?答案是肯定的。只需在全局处理程序中注册路由就可以了。

    public class Global : System.Web.HttpApplication
    {
        protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //注册路由
            System.Web.Routing.RouteTable.Routes.Add(
                new System.ServiceModel.Activation.ServiceRoute(
                    "userInfo",
                    new System.ServiceModel.Activation.WebServiceHostFactory(), typeof(UserService)
                ));
        }
    }

使用注册的路由访问服务
http://localhost:21074/userInfo/api/query

总结

这里实现了restful风格的wcf的查询操作,关于增删改(post,delete,put)将在后面的文章中说明。

参考文章:

http://blog.csdn.net/fangxing80/article/details/6235662

posted @ 2015-06-04 20:25  wolfy  阅读(6453)  评论(9编辑  收藏  举报