[NHibernate]基本配置与测试
目录
写在前面
一年前刚来这家公司,发现项目中使用的ORM是Nhibernate,这个之前确实没接触过,EF多少在项目中用过,想着既然都是ORM,应该语法上都差不多。当时也就是硬着头皮上的,刚开始也只能通过模仿别人的代码,再加上自己的理解,一些增删改查的方法,确实也被自己给搞出来了,现在回头想想,在项目中,用到的那些方法基本上就一个样,很少有变化。除非有些业务逻辑非常强的,自己搞不定,问一下同事,还是可以解决的。到现在使用Nhibernate也很长时间,中间多少也查过一些资料,从网上下的nhibernate文档.docx,但是每次想去找的时候,总的在电脑上去找,比较麻烦,就干脆记录在博客中了,当时就是有哪些不明白的,可以很方便的从里面查,比如参数是什么含义。也总结了一些,在使用过程遇到的问题。
现在项目告一段落,坐等为客户去部署了,也就有那么点空闲时间,那就要系统的学习一下了。
发现在写这篇文章的时候,说了自己的一些学习方式,发现越写越多,就单独成篇了,也就有了这篇文章——如何高效的利用博客园?
上篇文章,也算是nhibernate学习的开篇吧。
nhibernate文档
[NHibernate]持久化类(Persistent Classes)
[NHibernate]集合类(Collections)映射
[NHibernate]缓存(NHibernate.Caches)
[NHibernate]NHibernate.Tool.hbm2net
[NHibernate]Nhibernate如何映射sqlserver中image字段
搭建项目
项目结构和映射文件
项目结构说明
采用传统三层架构
Wolfy.Shop.Domain:数据实体和数据库映射文件。也有人叫做领域层。
Wolfy.Shop.Data:数据层,存放数据库的操作及Nhibernate辅助类。引用Iesi.Collections.dll,NHibernate.dll和类库Wolfy.Shop.Domain
Wolfy.Shop.Business:业务逻辑类。引用类库项目Wolfy.Shop.Domain,Wolfy.Shop.Data
Wolfy.Shop.WebSite:测试项目。需引用Iesi.Collections.dll,NHibernate.dll和类库项目Wolfy.Shop.Domain,Wolfy.Shop.Business
Nhibernate最新版本为4.0.1.GA,下载地址:http://nhforge.org/
解压NHibernate-4.0.1.GA-bin.zip压缩包,内容如下:
其中Confiuration_Templates文件夹内包括:
这些xml内为数据库连接配置文件模版,通过上图也可以发现nhibernate支持的数据库种类还是很全的。主流的数据库已经都包括在内了。
那么,咱们打开MSSQL.cfg的文件看一下
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 2 <!-- 3 This template was written to work with NHibernate.Test. 4 Copy the template to your NHibernate.Test project folder and rename it in hibernate.cfg.xml and change it 5 for your own use before compile tests in VisualStudio. 6 --> 7 <!-- This is the System.Data.dll provider for SQL Server --> 8 <hibernate-configuration xmlns="urn:nhibernate-configuration-2.2" > 9 <session-factory name="NHibernate.Test"> 10 <property name="connection.driver_class">NHibernate.Driver.SqlClientDriver</property> 11 <property name="connection.connection_string"> 12 Server=(local);initial catalog=nhibernate;Integrated Security=SSPI 13 </property> 14 <property name="dialect">NHibernate.Dialect.MsSql2008Dialect</property> 15 </session-factory> 16 </hibernate-configuration>
通过上面的注释部分咱们可以得到一个信息,就是在项目中使用的话,需要将文件重命名为hibernate.cfg.xml.
添加引用
同样可以通过Nuget进行添加,如图:
持久化类
为客户实体创建持久化类
1 namespace Wolfy.Shop.Domain.Entities 2 { 3 /// <summary> 4 /// 描述:客户实体,数据库持久化类 5 /// 创建人:wolfy 6 /// 创建时间:2014-10-16 7 /// </summary> 8 public class Customer 9 { 10 /// <summary> 11 /// 客户id 12 /// </summary> 13 public virtual Guid CustomerID { get; set; } 14 /// <summary> 15 /// 客户名字 16 /// </summary> 17 public virtual string CustomerName { get; set; } 18 /// <summary> 19 /// 客户地址 20 /// </summary> 21 public virtual string CustomerAddress { get; set; } 22 } 23 }
编写映射文件
编写NHibernate配置文件智能提示的功能。只要在下载的NHibernate里找到configuration.xsd和nhibernate-mapping.xsd两个文件并复制到vs安装目录下,如C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Xml\Schemas目录即可。
此时,你在nhibernate的配置文件中就有智能提示功能了。
nhibernate如何知道持久化类和数据库表的对应关系的呢?这就要通过映射文件来完成这个任务了,映射文件包含了对象/关系映射所需的元数据。元数据包含持久化类的声明和属性到数据库的映射。映射文件告诉nhibernate它应该访问数据库里面的哪个表及使用表里面的哪些字段。
那么我们编写Customer持久化类的映射文件,注意映射文件以.hbm.xml结尾。如Customer.hbm.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> 2 <!--assembly:程序集,namespace:命名空间--> 3 <hibernate-mapping xmlns="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2" assembly="Wolfy.Shop.Domain" namespace="Wolfy.Shop.Domain.Entities"> 4 <class name="Wolfy.Shop.Domain.Entities.Customer,Wolfy.Shop.Domain" table="TB_Customer"> 5 <!--主键--> 6 <id name="CustomerID" type="Guid" unsaved-value="null"> 7 <column name="CustomerID" sql-type="uniqueidentifier" not-null="true" unique="true"/> 8 <generator class="assigned"></generator> 9 </id> 10 <property name="CustomerName" type="String"> 11 <column name="CustomerName" sql-type="nvarchar" not-null="false"/> 12 </property> 13 <property name="CustomerAddress" type="String"> 14 <column name="CustomerAddress" sql-type="nvarchar" not-null="false"/> 15 </property> 16 17 </class> 18 </hibernate-mapping>
这些东西该怎么记?记住根节点hibernate,并且映射文件中要有主键id和property节点就可以了,其他的依赖vs的智能提示,就可以了。
这里需要养成一个习惯,就写好映射文件,需要修改它的属性
否则会出现,如下错误,而这个错误也是使用nhibernate最常见,所以养成一个好习惯,能提高你的开发效率:
辅助类
在使用之前,需要通过ISessionFactory获得ISession,ISessionFactory的详细介绍可以参考文档[NHibernate]ISessionFactory配置 ,ISessionFactory是线程安全的,而ISession是非线程安全的。很多线程可以同时访问ISessionFactory,所以ISession要通过ISessionFactory打开,在所有的工作完成后,需要关闭。ISessionFactory通常是个线程安全的全局对象,只需要被实例化一次(可以使用单例模式)。这里编写一个简单的辅助类NHibernateHelper,用于创建ISessionFactory和配置ISessionFactory,并打开一个新的ISession的方法。代码如下:
1 using NHibernate; 2 using NHibernate.Cfg; 3 using System; 4 using System.Collections.Generic; 5 using System.Linq; 6 using System.Text; 7 using System.Threading.Tasks; 8 9 namespace Wolfy.Shop.Data 10 { 11 /// <summary> 12 /// 描述:nhibernate辅助类 13 /// 创建人:wolfy 14 /// 创建时间:2014-10-16 15 /// </summary> 16 public class NHibernateHelper 17 { 18 private ISessionFactory _sessionFactory; 19 public NHibernateHelper() 20 { 21 //创建ISessionFactory 22 _sessionFactory = GetSessionFactory(); 23 } 24 /// <summary> 25 /// 创建ISessionFactory 26 /// </summary> 27 /// <returns></returns> 28 public ISessionFactory GetSessionFactory() 29 { 30 //配置ISessionFactory 31 return (new Configuration()).Configure().BuildSessionFactory(); 32 } 33 /// <summary> 34 /// 打开ISession 35 /// </summary> 36 /// <returns></returns> 37 public ISession GetSession() 38 { 39 return _sessionFactory.OpenSession(); 40 } 41 } 42 43 }
这里需引入命名空间:NHibernate和NHibernate.Cfg。
数据库设计与连接配置
数据表设计如图所示:
创建数据表的sql
1 USE [master] 2 GO 3 /****** Object: Database [Shop] Script Date: 2014/11/2 11:28:05 ******/ 4 CREATE DATABASE [Shop] 5 CONTAINMENT = NONE 6 ON PRIMARY 7 ( NAME = N'Shop', FILENAME = N'F:\Database\Shop.mdf' , SIZE = 5120KB , MAXSIZE = UNLIMITED, FILEGROWTH = 1024KB ) 8 LOG ON 9 ( NAME = N'Shop_log', FILENAME = N'F:\Database\Shop_log.ldf' , SIZE = 1024KB , MAXSIZE = 2048GB , FILEGROWTH = 10%) 10 GO 11 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET COMPATIBILITY_LEVEL = 110 12 GO 13 IF (1 = FULLTEXTSERVICEPROPERTY('IsFullTextInstalled')) 14 begin 15 EXEC [Shop].[dbo].[sp_fulltext_database] @action = 'enable' 16 end 17 GO 18 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET ANSI_NULL_DEFAULT OFF 19 GO 20 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET ANSI_NULLS OFF 21 GO 22 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET ANSI_PADDING OFF 23 GO 24 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET ANSI_WARNINGS OFF 25 GO 26 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET ARITHABORT OFF 27 GO 28 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET AUTO_CLOSE OFF 29 GO 30 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET AUTO_CREATE_STATISTICS ON 31 GO 32 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET AUTO_SHRINK OFF 33 GO 34 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET AUTO_UPDATE_STATISTICS ON 35 GO 36 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET CURSOR_CLOSE_ON_COMMIT OFF 37 GO 38 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET CURSOR_DEFAULT GLOBAL 39 GO 40 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL OFF 41 GO 42 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET NUMERIC_ROUNDABORT OFF 43 GO 44 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFF 45 GO 46 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS OFF 47 GO 48 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET DISABLE_BROKER 49 GO 50 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET AUTO_UPDATE_STATISTICS_ASYNC OFF 51 GO 52 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET DATE_CORRELATION_OPTIMIZATION OFF 53 GO 54 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET TRUSTWORTHY OFF 55 GO 56 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET ALLOW_SNAPSHOT_ISOLATION OFF 57 GO 58 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET PARAMETERIZATION SIMPLE 59 GO 60 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET READ_COMMITTED_SNAPSHOT OFF 61 GO 62 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET HONOR_BROKER_PRIORITY OFF 63 GO 64 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET RECOVERY FULL 65 GO 66 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET MULTI_USER 67 GO 68 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET PAGE_VERIFY CHECKSUM 69 GO 70 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET DB_CHAINING OFF 71 GO 72 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET FILESTREAM( NON_TRANSACTED_ACCESS = OFF ) 73 GO 74 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET TARGET_RECOVERY_TIME = 0 SECONDS 75 GO 76 USE [Shop] 77 GO 78 /****** Object: Table [dbo].[TB_Customer] Script Date: 2014/11/2 11:28:05 ******/ 79 SET ANSI_NULLS ON 80 GO 81 SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON 82 GO 83 CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TB_Customer]( 84 [CustomerID] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL, 85 [CustomerName] [nvarchar](16) NULL, 86 [CustomerAddress] [nvarchar](128) NULL, 87 [Version] [int] NOT NULL, 88 CONSTRAINT [pk_customerid] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 89 ( 90 [CustomerID] ASC 91 )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] 92 ) ON [PRIMARY] 93 94 GO 95 /****** Object: Table [dbo].[TB_Order] Script Date: 2014/11/2 11:28:06 ******/ 96 SET ANSI_NULLS ON 97 GO 98 SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON 99 GO 100 CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TB_Order]( 101 [OrderID] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL, 102 [CustomerID] [uniqueidentifier] NULL, 103 [OrderDate] [datetime] NULL, 104 CONSTRAINT [PK_TB_Order] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 105 ( 106 [OrderID] ASC 107 )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] 108 ) ON [PRIMARY] 109 110 GO 111 /****** Object: Table [dbo].[TB_OrderProduct] Script Date: 2014/11/2 11:28:06 ******/ 112 SET ANSI_NULLS ON 113 GO 114 SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON 115 GO 116 CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TB_OrderProduct]( 117 [OrderID] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL, 118 [ProductID] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL 119 ) ON [PRIMARY] 120 121 GO 122 /****** Object: Table [dbo].[TB_Product] Script Date: 2014/11/2 11:28:06 ******/ 123 SET ANSI_NULLS ON 124 GO 125 SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON 126 GO 127 CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TB_Product]( 128 [ProductID] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL, 129 [Name] [nvarchar](128) NULL, 130 [Price] [decimal](18, 0) NULL, 131 CONSTRAINT [PK_TB_Product] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 132 ( 133 [ProductID] ASC 134 )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] 135 ) ON [PRIMARY] 136 137 GO 138 ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TB_Customer] ADD DEFAULT ((1)) FOR [Version] 139 GO 140 ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TB_Order] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_TB_Order_TB_Customer] FOREIGN KEY([CustomerID]) 141 REFERENCES [dbo].[TB_Customer] ([CustomerID]) 142 GO 143 ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TB_Order] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_TB_Order_TB_Customer] 144 GO 145 ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TB_OrderProduct] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_TB_OrderProduct_TB_Order] FOREIGN KEY([OrderID]) 146 REFERENCES [dbo].[TB_Order] ([OrderID]) 147 GO 148 ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TB_OrderProduct] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_TB_OrderProduct_TB_Order] 149 GO 150 ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TB_OrderProduct] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_TB_OrderProduct_TB_Product] FOREIGN KEY([ProductID]) 151 REFERENCES [dbo].[TB_Product] ([ProductID]) 152 GO 153 ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TB_OrderProduct] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_TB_OrderProduct_TB_Product] 154 GO 155 USE [master] 156 GO 157 ALTER DATABASE [Shop] SET READ_WRITE 158 GO
nhibernate配置,也就是数据库配置:
这里使用的是SQL Server2012,所以我们使用MSSQL.cfg.xml文件,重命名为hibernate.cfg.xml.
注意需根据自己数据库的实例名修改,并添加mapping节点,其他的设置,可根据需要进行添加。这里采用最简单的一种方式,关于nhibernate的配置参数,可参考文档中的说明。
1 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> 2 2 <hibernate-configuration xmlns="urn:nhibernate-configuration-2.2" > 3 3 <session-factory> 4 4 <property name="connection.driver_class">NHibernate.Driver.SqlClientDriver</property> 5 5 <property name="connection.connection_string"> 6 6 server=.;database=shop;uid=sa;pwd=sa 7 7 </property> 8 8 <property name="dialect">NHibernate.Dialect.MsSql2008Dialect</property> 9 9 <mapping assembly="Wolfy.Shop.Domain"/> 10 10 </session-factory> 11 11 </hibernate-configuration>
修改后,将hibernate.cfg.xml拷入Wolfy.Shop.WebSite项目,并修改其属性:
否则会出现如下异常:
数据层和业务逻辑层代码
1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Linq; 4 using System.Text; 5 using System.Threading.Tasks; 6 using Wolfy.Shop.Domain.Entities; 7 using NHibernate; 8 using NHibernate.Linq; 9 using NHibernate.Cfg; 10 using System.Linq.Expressions; 11 namespace Wolfy.Shop.Data 12 { 13 /// <summary> 14 /// 描述:客户数据层类,操作数据库 15 /// 创建人:wolfy 16 /// 创建时间:2014-10-16 17 /// </summary> 18 public class CustomerData 19 { 20 /// <summary> 21 /// 添加客户 22 /// </summary> 23 /// <param name="customer">客户实体</param> 24 /// <returns>是否添加成功 </returns> 25 public bool AddCustomer(Customer customer) 26 { 27 28 try 29 { 30 NHibernateHelper nhibernateHelper = new NHibernateHelper(); 31 var session = nhibernateHelper.GetSession(); 32 session.SaveOrUpdate(customer); 33 session.Flush(); 34 return true; 35 } 36 catch (Exception ex) 37 { 38 throw ex; 39 } 40 } 41 /// <summary> 42 /// 根据条件得到客户信息集合 43 /// </summary> 44 /// <param name="where">条件</param> 45 /// <returns>客户信息集合</returns> 46 public IList<Customer> GetCustomerList(Expression<Func<Customer, bool>> where) 47 { 48 try 49 { 50 NHibernateHelper nhibernateHelper = new NHibernateHelper(); 51 ISession session = nhibernateHelper.GetSession(); 52 return session.Query<Customer>().Where(where).ToList(); 53 } 54 catch (Exception ex) 55 { 56 throw ex; 57 } 58 } 59 } 60 }
1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Linq; 4 using System.Linq.Expressions; 5 using System.Text; 6 using System.Threading.Tasks; 7 using Wolfy.Shop.Data; 8 using Wolfy.Shop.Domain.Entities; 9 10 namespace Wolfy.Shop.Business 11 { 12 13 /// <summary> 14 /// 描述:客户信息业务逻辑层 15 /// 创建人:wolfy 16 /// 创建时间:2014-10-17 17 /// </summary> 18 public class CustomerBusiness 19 { 20 private CustomerData _customerData; 21 public CustomerBusiness() 22 { 23 _customerData = new CustomerData(); 24 } 25 /// <summary> 26 /// 添加客户 27 /// </summary> 28 /// <param name="customer">客户实体</param> 29 /// <returns>是否添加成功 </returns> 30 public bool AddCustomer(Customer customer) 31 { 32 return _customerData.AddCustomer(customer); 33 } 34 /// <summary> 35 /// 根据条件得到客户信息集合 36 /// </summary> 37 /// <param name="where">条件</param> 38 /// <returns>客户信息集合</returns> 39 public IList<Customer> GetCustomerList(Expression<Func<Customer, bool>> where) 40 { 41 return _customerData.GetCustomerList(where); 42 } 43 } 44 }
测试
为了以后使用方便,在这里使用webform项目作为测试,通过单击“添加”按钮,向数据库中插入记录,
页面
1 <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="CustomerManager.aspx.cs" Inherits="Wolfy.Shop.WebSite.CustomerManager" %> 2 3 <!DOCTYPE html> 4 5 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> 6 <head runat="server"> 7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> 8 <title></title> 9 <style type="text/css"> 10 .main { 11 border: 1px solid #0094ff; 12 margin: 50px auto; 13 width: 600px; 14 } 15 16 .table { 17 border: 1px solid #0094ff; 18 border-collapse: collapse; 19 width: 98%; 20 text-align: center; 21 margin:5px auto; 22 } 23 24 .table th { 25 background-color: lightgray; 26 } 27 .table tr td { 28 border: 1px solid #0094ff; 29 } 30 </style> 31 </head> 32 <body> 33 <form id="form1" runat="server"> 34 <div class="main"> 35 <asp:Button runat="server" ID="btnAdd" Text="添加" OnClick="btnAdd_Click" /> 36 <div> 37 <asp:Repeater runat="server" ID="rptCustomerList"> 38 <HeaderTemplate> 39 <table class="table"> 40 <tr> 41 <th>姓名</th> 42 <th>姓名</th> 43 <th>地址</th> 44 </tr> 45 </HeaderTemplate> 46 <ItemTemplate> 47 <tr> 48 <td><%#Container.ItemIndex+1 %></td> 49 <td><%#Eval("CustomerName") %></td> 50 <td><%#Eval("CustomerAddress") %></td> 51 </tr> 52 </ItemTemplate> 53 <FooterTemplate> 54 </table> 55 </FooterTemplate> 56 </asp:Repeater> 57 </div> 58 </div> 59 </form> 60 </body> 61 </html>
1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Linq; 4 using System.Web; 5 using System.Web.UI; 6 using System.Web.UI.WebControls; 7 using Wolfy.Shop.Domain.Entities; 8 9 namespace Wolfy.Shop.WebSite 10 { 11 public partial class CustomerManager : System.Web.UI.Page 12 { 13 protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) 14 { 15 if (!IsPostBack) 16 { 17 RepeaterDataBind(); 18 } 19 } 20 private void RepeaterDataBind() 21 { 22 Business.CustomerBusiness customerBusiness = new Business.CustomerBusiness(); 23 this.rptCustomerList.DataSource = customerBusiness.GetCustomerList(c => 1 == 1); 24 this.rptCustomerList.DataBind(); 25 } 26 /// <summary> 27 /// 添加客户信息 28 /// </summary> 29 /// <param name="sender"></param> 30 /// <param name="e"></param> 31 protected void btnAdd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 32 { 33 var customer = new Customer() { CustomerName = "wolfy", CustomerAddress = "北京 海淀", CustomerID = Guid.NewGuid() }; 34 Business.CustomerBusiness customerBusiness = new Business.CustomerBusiness(); 35 if (customerBusiness.AddCustomer(customer)) 36 { 37 this.RepeaterDataBind(); 38 } 39 } 40 } 41 }
界面
通过SQL Server Profiler查看生成的sql语句
通过监控到的sql语句,也可以看到使用nhibernate插入数据时,数据库中是通过存储过程进行插入数据的。
总结
本文简单介绍了使用nhibernate的一些配置,给我的感觉是,在使用时只要配置正确,其他的增删改查什么的也就没什么难的了。在配置nhibernate的时候,有些细节需要注意。比如映射文件和nhibernate的配置文件的属性需要进行修改。
参考文章
http://www.cnblogs.com/lyj/archive/2008/10/14/1310913.html#comment_tip
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