LNMP（Linux+PHP+Nginx+Mysql）环境搭建
系统环境
[root@web01 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)
[root@web01 ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-1062.18.1.el7.x86_64
LNMP服务用
一、Nginx的安装
1.1.1 下载编译安装Nginx
1）下载Nginx到到本我服务器
[root@web01 ~]# mkdir -p /server/tools/
[root@web01 ~]# cd /server/tools/
[root@web01 /server/tools]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz
--2020-05-09 21:06:13-- http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz
Resolving nginx.org (nginx.org)... 95.211.80.227, 62.210.92.35, 2001:1af8:4060:a004:21::e3
Connecting to nginx.org (nginx.org)|95.211.80.227|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1032345 (1008K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz’
100%[===========================================================================================>] 1,032,345 7.08KB/s in 1m 54s
2020-05-09 21:08:08 (8.85 KB/s) - ‘nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz’ saved [1032345/1032345]
[root@web01 /server/tools]# ls
nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz
2）yum下载依赖环境
[root@web01 /server/tools]# yum install pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel make gcc gcc-c++ -y
3）创建www用户
[root@web01 /server/tools]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin www
[root@web01 /server/tools]# id www
uid=888(www) gid=888(www) groups=888(www)
4）解压Nginx并编译安装
[root@web01 /server/tools]# tar zxf nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz
[root@web01 /server/tools]# cd nginx-1.16.0/
[root@web01 /server/tools/nginx-1.16.0]# ./configure --help #编译帮助命令
[root@web01 /server/tools/nginx-1.16.0]# ./configure --prefix=/application/nginx-1.16.0 --user=www --group=www --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-pcre
[root@web01 /server/tools/nginx-1.16.0]# make && make install
5）做个软连接去掉版本号
[root@web01 /server/tools/nginx-1.16.0]# ln -s /application/nginx-1.16.0/ /application/nginx
[root@web01 /server/tools/nginx-1.16.0]# ls /application/nginx
conf html logs sbin
[root@web01 /server/tools/nginx-1.16.0]# ls -l /application/nginx
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 May 9 21:29 /application/nginx -> /application/nginx-1.16.0/
- 查看你版本和编译的参数
[root@web01 /server/tools/nginx-1.16.0]# cd /application/nginx
[root@web01 /application/nginx]# sbin/nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.16.0
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/application/nginx-1.16.0 --user=www --group=www --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-pcre
- 启动Nginx服务
[root@web01 /application/nginx]# sbin/nginx
[root@web01 /application/nginx]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 27669 1 0 21:33 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process sbin/nginx
www 27670 27669 0 21:33 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 27672 24853 0 21:33 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@web01 /application/nginx]# ss -luntp|grep 80
tcp LISTEN 0 511 *:80 *:* users:(("nginx",pid=27670,fd=6),("nginx",pid=27669,fd=6))
[root@web01 /application/nginx]# lsof -i :80
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx 27669 root 6u IPv4 210139 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx 27670 www 6u IPv4 210139 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
- 访问Nginx网页
[root@web01 /application/nginx]# curl 172.16.1.7
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
#当然你也可以在浏览器上访问：http:ip地址
9）Nginx的关闭和重启
#关闭
[root@web01 /application/nginx]# sbin/nginx -s stop
#重启
[root@web01 /application/nginx]# sbin/nginx -s reload
10） nginx的配置文件
[root@web01 /application/nginx]# tree
.
├── client_body_temp
├── conf
│ ├── fastcgi.conf
│ ├── fastcgi.conf.default
│ ├── fastcgi_params
│ ├── fastcgi_params.default
│ ├── koi-utf
│ ├── koi-win
│ ├── mime.types
│ ├── mime.types.default
│ ├── nginx.conf
│ ├── nginx.conf.default
│ ├── scgi_params
│ ├── scgi_params.default
│ ├── uwsgi_params
│ ├── uwsgi_params.default
│ └── win-utf
├── fastcgi_temp
├── html
│ ├── 50x.html
│ └── index.html
├── logs
│ ├── access.log
│ ├── error.log
│ └── nginx.pid
├── nginx-1.16.0 -> /application/nginx-1.16.0/
├── proxy_temp
├── sbin
│ ├── nginx
│ └── nginx.old
├── scgi_temp
└── uwsgi_temp
二、Mysql数据库的安装
1.创建用户
[root@web01 ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@web01 ~]# id mysql
uid=1001(mysql) gid=1001(mysql) groups=1001(mysql)
2.上传mysql安装包
下载地址：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
[root@web01 /server/tools]# rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
[root@web01 /server/tools]# ll
total 630768
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 644869837 Oct 28 2019 mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x 9 mysql mysql 186 May 9 21:25 nginx-1.16.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1032345 Apr 23 2019 nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz
3.解压安装
[root@web01 /server/tools]# tar zxf mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@web01 /server/tools]# ll
total 630768
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 129 May 11 22:22 mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 644869837 Oct 28 2019 mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x 9 mysql mysql 186 May 9 21:25 nginx-1.16.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1032345 Apr 23 2019 nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz
#因为mysql是二进制安装，所以解压就可以用
4.移动到第三方软件目录下
[root@web01 /server/tools]# mv mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.7.26
[root@web01 /server/tools]# ll /application/mysql-5.7.26
total 36
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 11 22:22 bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 7161 31415 17987 Apr 13 2019 COPYING
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 55 May 11 22:22 docs
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 May 11 22:21 include
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 230 May 11 22:22 lib
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 30 May 11 22:21 man
-rw-r--r-- 1 7161 31415 2478 Apr 13 2019 README
drwxr-xr-x 28 root root 4096 May 11 22:22 share
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 90 May 11 22:22 support-files
- 做个软链接
[root@web01 /server/tools]# ln -s /application/mysql-5.7.26 /application/mysql
[root@web01 /server/tools]# ls -ls /application/mysql
0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 May 11 22:33 /application/mysql -> /application/mysql-5.7.26
6.创建件配置文件
[root@web01 /server/tools]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@web01 /server/tools]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /application/mysql/
datadir = /application/mysql/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
server_id = 1
port = 3306
log_error = /application/mysql/data/mysql.err
pid-file = /application/mysql/mysql.pid
[mysql]
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
7.创建数据存放目录data
[root@web01 /server/tools]# mkdir /application/mysql/data
[root@web01 /server/tools]# chown mysql.mysql /application/mysql
8.初始化数据库
[root@web01 /application/mysql]# /application/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --group=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql/ --datadir=/application/mysql/data/
#注意不要执行第二遍。否则会报错
- 报错
[root@web01 /application/mysql]# /application/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql/ --datadir=/application/mysql/data/
2020-05-11T15:16:51.309166Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-05-11T15:16:51.311402Z 0 [ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.
2020-05-11T15:16:51.311793Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting
#解决方法
[root@web01 /application/mysql]# rm -rf data/*
再初始化一遍
10 用system来管理mysql
[root@web01 /application/mysql]# cp /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
[root@web01 /application/mysql/data]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=MYSQL server
Documentation=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
EnvironmentFile=/etc/my.cnf
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP `cat /application/mysql/mysql.pid`
limitNOFILE=5000
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
11.启动成功
[root@web01 /application/mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@web01 /application/mysql]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MYSQL server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2020-05-12 00:36:14 CST; 12s ago
Docs: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/
Main PID: 2103 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─2103 /application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
May 12 00:36:14 web01 systemd[1]: [/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service:14] Unknown lvalue 'limitNOFILE' in section 'Service'
May 12 00:36:14 web01 systemd[1]: Started MYSQL server.
[root@web01 /application/mysql]# systemctl enable mysqld
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service.
- 检查mysql是否启动成功
[root@web01 /application/mysql]# netstat -luntp|grep mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 2608/mysqld
- 配置环境变量
[root@web01 /application/mysql]# echo "export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH" >>/etc/profile
[root@web01 /application/mysql]# tail -1 /etc/profile
export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:/application/nginx/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/root/bin
[root@web01 /application/mysql]# . /etc/profile
- 进入mysql并利用mysqladmin设置用户和密码
[root@web01 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.26 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>exit
Bye
#退出设置用户和密码
[root@web01 ~]# mysqladmin -u root password '密码'
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
- 再次登录就需要指定用户和密码了
[root@web01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 5.7.26 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
三、PHP的下载安装
3.1.1 PHP的的安装
1.环境依赖安装
[root@web01 ~]# yum install zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel libiconv-devel freetype-devel libpng-devel gd-devel libcurl-devel libxslt-devel libxslt-devel mcrypt mhash re2c bison libmcrypt-devel -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: mirror2.totbb.net
Package zlib-devel-1.2.7-18.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
No package libiconv-devel available.
- 下载字符编码的库文件
下载地址：http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/
旧版本：https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/libiconv/
3.PHP下载
官网：https:www.php.net
4.编译安装字符编码库文件
[root@web01 ~]# cd /server/tools/
[root@web01 /server/tools]# ls
libiconv-1.16.tar.gz mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz nginx-1.16.0 nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz php-7.3.5.tar.gz
[root@web01 /server/tools]# tar zxf libiconv-1.16.tar.gz
[root@web01 /server/tools]# cd libiconv-1.16/
[root@web01 /server/tools/libiconv-1.16]# ./configure --prefix=/application/libiconv
[root@web01 /server/tools/libiconv-1.16]# make && make install
5.编译安装PHP
[root@web01 /server/tools]# tar zxf php-7.3.5.tar.gz
[root@web01 /server/tools]# cd php-7.3.5/
[root@web01 /server/tools/php-7.3.5]# ./configure \
--prefix=/application/php-7.3.5 \
--enable-mysqlnd \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-iconv-dir=/application/libiconv \
--enable-xml \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-bcmath \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--with-curl \
--enable-mbregex \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--with-gd \
--with-openssl \
--with-mhash \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-sockets \
--with-xmlrpc \
--enable-soap \
--enable-short-tags \
--enable-static \
--with-xsl \
--with-fpm-user=www \
--with-fpm-group=www \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-opcache=no \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib \
--with-libxml-dir=/usr \
--enable-xml \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-bcmath \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--with-curl \
--enable-mbregex \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--with-gd \
--with-openssl \
--with-mhash \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-sockets \
--with-xmlrpc \
--enable-soap \
--enable-short-tags \
--enable-static \
--with-xsl \
--with-fpm-user=www \
--with-fpm-group=www \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-opcache=no
[root@web01 /server/tools/php-7.3.5]# make && make install
6.创建软连接
[root@web01 /server/tools/php-7.3.5]# ln -s /application/php-7.3.5/ /application/php
[root@web01 /server/tools/php-7.3.5]# ls -ld /application/php
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 May 14 00:03 /application/php -> /application/php-7.3.5/
7.配置php.ini（PHP解析器配置文件）
#这个配置文件在PHP的解压源码包里面
[root@web01 /application/php/etc]# ll /server/tools/php-7.3.5/php.ini*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 71648 Apr 30 2019 /server/tools/php-7.3.5/php.ini-development #开发环境
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 71920 Apr 30 2019 /server/tools/php-7.3.5/php.ini-production #生产环境
[root@web01 /application/php/etc]# cp /server/tools/php-7.3.5/php.ini-production /application/php/lib/php.ini
[root@web01 /application/php/etc]# ll /application/php/lib/php.ini
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 71920 May 14 00:43 /application/php/lib/php.ini
- 配置PHP FPM
[root@web01 /application/php/etc]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1321 May 13 23:58 pear.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5417 May 13 23:58 php-fpm.conf.default
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 30 May 13 23:58 php-fpm.d
[root@web01 /application/php/etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
[root@web01 /application/php/etc]# ll
total 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1321 May 13 23:58 pear.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5417 May 14 00:49 php-fpm.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5417 May 13 23:58 php-fpm.conf.default
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 30 May 13 23:58 php-fpm.d
[root@web01 /application/php/etc]# cd php-fpm.d/
[root@web01 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# ll
total 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19240 May 13 23:58 www.conf.default
[root@web01 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# cp www.conf.default www.conf
[root@web01 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# ll
total 40
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19240 May 14 00:50 www.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19240 May 13 23:58 www.conf.default
9.启动PHP
[root@web01 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# /application/php/sbin/php-fpm
[root@web01 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# netstat -luntp|grep php
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 8943/php-fpm: maste #9000端口启动成功
10.配置开机自启动
[root@web01 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# echo "/application/php/sbin/php-fpm" >>/etc/rc.local
[root@web01 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
11.配置nginx转发PHP请求
[root@web01 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# cat /application/nginx/conf/extra/03_blog.conf
server {
listen 8;
server_name blog.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/blog;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root html/blog;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; #这里要修改一下将/scripts修改为$document_root
include fastcgi_params;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
access_log logs/access_blog.log main;
}
#因为我的环境的是每个虚拟主机是一个独立的配置文件，所以配置需要看个人环境,不要被误导。
12.检查语法并启动nginx
[root@web01 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.16.0/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.16.0/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web01 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# nginx
[root@web01 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# netstat -luntp|grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9120/nginx: master
13.编写测试文件检查是否成功
[root@web01 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# vim /application/nginx/html/blog/index.php
[root@web01 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# cat /application/nginx/html/blog/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
14.出现如下图片代表部署成功
-----你努力获得的，都是自己的，不容易忘掉。
星辰和大海都需要门票，诗和远方的路费都很贵。来人间一次，努力成为最好的自己。人间值得，未来可期。
