（常规更新）1.C++入门第一讲——编程如此简单
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目录
引子
为什么计算机能管理庞大的系统？为什么计算机能按照人的命令去执行（十万个为什么）？面对计算机，每个人都有自己的或多或少的疑问，那么今天我们就来揭开计算机神秘的面纱！
一.什么是编程？
编程是编定程序的中文简称，就是让计算机代码解决某个问题，对某个计算体系规定一定的运算方式，使计算体系按照该计算方式运行，并最终得到相应结果的过程。
为了使计算机能够理解人的意图，人类就必须将需解决的问题的思路、方法和手段通过计算机能够理解的形式告诉计算机，使得计算机能够根据人的指令一步一步去工作，完成某种特定的任务。这种人和计算体系之间交流的过程就是编程。
编程：设计具备逻辑流动作用的一种“可控体系”【注：编程不一定是针对计算机程序而言的，针对具备逻辑计算力的体系，都可以算编程。
（来源：百度百科）
个人理解：为了使计算机能够理解我们的意图，人类就必须将需解决的问题的思路、方法和手段通过计算机能够理解的形式告诉计算机，使得计算机能够根据人的指令一步一步去工作，完成某种特定的任务。这种人和计算体系之间交流的过程就是编程
二.编程的概念
1.程序
程序（计算机程序）是一组计算机能识别和执行的指令，运行于电子计算机上，满足人们某种需求的信息化工具
计算机语言
计算机语言就是人与计算机之间“交谈”的语言。计算机语言有很多，比如说BASIC语言，C语言，C++语言，Java语言，Python语言等，每个语言都有每个语言的规则，即使是同一个语言，要是版本不同，规则可能也会有少许不同（比如Visual C++和Dev-C++）
2.编辑和编译
编辑
程序编辑是计算机用语，根据一定算法，用一种高级语言编写出源程序。
编译
编译程序（Compiler，compiling program），也称为编译器，是指把用高级程序设计语言书写的源程序，翻译成等价的机器语言格式目标程序的翻译程序。编译程序属于采用生成性实现途径实现的翻译程序。它以高级程序设计语言书写的源程序作为输入，而以汇编语言或机器语言表示的目标程序作为输出。编译出的目标程序通常还要经历运行阶段，以便在运行程序的支持下运行，加工初始数据，算出所需的计算结果。
两者之间的区别
编辑是指程序代码、界面等的输入、构建，编辑等，在这期间，开发工具会对输入的代码进行一般的语法检查等。主要是指代码的输入、编辑。
编译是指开发工具的编译程序对编辑过的代码进行转换，以便生成可以执行的代码文件。编译一般是在编辑工作完成以后进行的。
3.开发环境
C++开发环境介绍：
1、Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0
VC 6.0现在已经集成在Microsoft Visual Studio上面。
它曾经是最为经典的编译工具，但是由于年代久远，此工具微软官方早已不在维护。现在此工具有很多BUG和兼容性问题，(微软原版的)无法安装在Windows 10系统上面。
由于这个软件太经典了，一些第三方的开发者依然在维护这个工具，很多学校/教材也依然在使用这个工具。
2、Microsoft Visual Studio
Visual Studio是目前最为流行的Windows平台应用程序的商业集成开发环境。
功能强大，界面友好。但是空间占用、资源占用都比较大，操作也复杂。最新版本为2019。
3、Dev-C++
Dev-C++ 是Windows环境下的轻量级C/C++ 集成开发环境。遵循C++ 11标准，同时兼容C++98标准。
Dev-C++ 功能简洁，易于学习和使用，但同时该软件功能不完善，存在一些问题，并且从未在商业级的软件开发中使用过，只适合于初学者和教学使用。遗憾的是，我的教材使用该软件进行教学。
Dev-C++ 由Orwell公司继续更新开发(现已停止)，最新版本为5.11，使用GCC 4.9，上次更新时间为2015年4月。这是官方博客以及下载链接
Dev-C++现在被一些公司或者第三方开发者接手：
1、 Embarcadero Dev-C++，本文写时，上次更新时间为2020 年7月。
2、 banzhusoft(斑竹软件) Dev-C++(推荐)，本文写时，上次更新时间为2020年9月。
此作者对于原软件做了大量的工作，进行了大幅度的优化，非常适合中国的初学者，强烈推荐。
4、C语言开发环境 v2
开发者说：在线C语言开发环境依然处于测试阶段，语言标准和标准库支持还不完整。
经过作者测试没有发现任何问题，非常好用，推荐。
5、Code::Blocks
Code::Blocks 是开放源码的跨平台C/C++集成开发环境。
简单易用，免费，免安装，应该是最适合初学者使用的集成开发环境，强烈推荐。
已经通过gcc8.1支持C++最新标准C++20。该软件附带了最新版的MinGW。
6、JetBrains Clion
JetBrains Clion是最为流行(仅次微软)的C & C++商业级集成开发环境，功能非常强大。
免安装，即开即用，中文汉化，简单易上手。
三.编程在实际生活中的应用
编程在生活中的应用太多了，比如：游戏、风扇、空调等一些电子设备板上用的都是编程
举个例子
以下是一个狼人杀游戏的代码（原文链接）：
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<ctime>
#include<windows.h>
using namespace std;
struct IDname
{
int geshu;
string NAME;
};
IDname jue_se[100];
struct ID
{
int num;
bool life;
string name;
int know;
int how;
};
ID player[21];
int n, MY, kill1, kill2;
char a;
bool jieyao = 1, duyao = 1;
int lieren, shouwei = 0;
void init1()
{
jue_se[1].NAME = "村民 ";
jue_se[2].NAME = "狼人 ";
jue_se[3].NAME = "女巫 ";
jue_se[4].NAME = "预言家 ";
jue_se[5].NAME = "猎人 ";
jue_se[6].NAME = "守卫 ";
}
void init2(int nn)
{
switch (nn)
{
case 6:
jue_se[1].geshu = 3;
jue_se[2].geshu = 2;
jue_se[3].geshu = 1;
jue_se[4].geshu = 0;
jue_se[5].geshu = 0;
jue_se[6].geshu = 0;
break;
case 7:
jue_se[1].geshu = 3;
jue_se[2].geshu = 2;
jue_se[3].geshu = 1;
jue_se[4].geshu = 1;
jue_se[5].geshu = 0;
jue_se[6].geshu = 0;
break;
case 8:
jue_se[1].geshu = 3;
jue_se[2].geshu = 3;
jue_se[3].geshu = 1;
jue_se[4].geshu = 1;
jue_se[5].geshu = 0;
jue_se[6].geshu = 0;
break;
case 9:
jue_se[1].geshu = 3;
jue_se[2].geshu = 3;
jue_se[3].geshu = 1;
jue_se[4].geshu = 1;
jue_se[5].geshu = 1;
jue_se[6].geshu = 0;
break;
case 10:
jue_se[1].geshu = 4;
jue_se[2].geshu = 3;
jue_se[3].geshu = 1;
jue_se[4].geshu = 1;
jue_se[5].geshu = 1;
jue_se[6].geshu = 0;
break;
case 11:
jue_se[1].geshu = 4;
jue_se[2].geshu = 4;
jue_se[3].geshu = 1;
jue_se[4].geshu = 1;
jue_se[5].geshu = 1;
jue_se[6].geshu = 0;
break;
case 12:
jue_se[1].geshu = 4;
jue_se[2].geshu = 4;
jue_se[3].geshu = 1;
jue_se[4].geshu = 1;
jue_se[5].geshu = 1;
jue_se[6].geshu = 1;
break;
default:
cout << "输入错误,再见" << endl;
exit(0);
break;
}
}
int van[10] = { 7,4,6,43,35,1,2,8,20,19 };
void init3(int nn)
{
srand(time(0));
Sleep(rand() % 44);
int x = 10000;
int t = rand();
srand(time(NULL));
int y = van[(rand() % 100 * van[rand() % 10] + t) % 10];
if (nn <= 6)
x = abs(x * 6 / y) % 3 + 1;
else if (nn <= 8)
x = abs(x * 7 / y) % 4 + 1;
else if (nn <= 11)
x = abs(x * 8 / y) % 5 + 1;
else if (nn <= 14)
x = abs(x * 9 / y) % 6 + 1;
do
{
if (nn <= 6)
x = x % 3 + 1;
else if (nn <= 8)
x = x % 4 + 1;
else if (nn <= 11)
x = x % 5 + 1;
else if (nn <= 14)
x = x % 6 + 1;
if (jue_se[x].geshu > 0)
{
player[nn].name = jue_se[x].NAME;
if (player[nn].name == "猎人 ")
lieren = nn;
if (player[nn].name == "守卫 ")
shouwei = nn;
player[nn].life = 1;
player[nn].num = nn;
player[nn].know = 0;
jue_se[x].geshu--;
player[nn].how = 0;
break;
}
} while (jue_se[x].geshu == 0);
}
void printhhh()
{
int cm = 0;
int sz = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
if (player[i].life == 0)
continue;
else if (player[i].name == "村民 ")
cm++;
else if (player[i].name == "女巫 " || player[i].name == "预言家 " || player[i].name == "猎人 " || player[i].name == "守卫 ")
sz++;
}
if (sz == 0 || cm == 0)
cout << "狼人阵营胜利" << endl;
else
cout << "好人阵营胜利" << endl;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
cout << left << setw(3) << player[i].num << ": " << player[i].name << " ";
if (player[i].life == 0)
cout << "死亡" << "\t";
else
cout << "存活" << "\t";
if (player[i].how == 0)
cout << "最终存活 " << endl;
else if (player[i].how == 1)
cout << "最终被狼人杀死" << endl;
else if (player[i].how == 2)
cout << "最终被投票投死" << endl;
else if (player[i].how == 3)
cout << "最终被女巫毒死" << endl;
else if (player[i].how == 4)
cout << "最终被猎人射杀" << endl;
}
system("pause");
system("pause");
system("pause");
}
void print(int day, int ti)
{
HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
if (ti == 0)
SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, BACKGROUND_INTENSITY | BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
else
SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE);
cout << "\t\t\t\t第" << day << "天 ";
if (ti == 0)
cout << "白天" << endl;
else
cout << "夜晚" << endl;
cout << "我的位置:" << MY << "号" << endl;
for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++)
{
cout << player[i].num << "号位 ";
}
cout << endl;
for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++)
{
if (player[i].life == 1)
{
if (ti == 0)
SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, BACKGROUND_INTENSITY | BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_GREEN);
else
SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_GREEN);
cout << "存活 ";
}
else
{
if (ti == 0)
SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, BACKGROUND_INTENSITY | BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED);
else
SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED);
cout << "已死亡 ";
}
}
if (ti == 0)
SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, BACKGROUND_INTENSITY | BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
else
SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE);
cout << endl;
for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++)
{
if (player[i].know == 0)
cout << "未知 ";
else if (player[i].know == 1)
{
if (player[i].name == "狼人 ")
cout << "狼人 ";
else
cout << "好人 ";
}
else if (player[i].know == 2)
cout << player[i].name << " ";
}
cout << endl << endl;
for (int i = 7; i <= n; i++)
{
if (i < 10)
cout << player[i].num << "号位 ";
else
cout << player[i].num << "号位 ";
}
cout << endl;
for (int i = 7; i <= n; i++)
{
if (player[i].life == 1)
{
if (ti == 0)
SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, BACKGROUND_INTENSITY | BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_GREEN);
else
SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_GREEN);
cout << "存活 ";
}
else
{
if (ti == 0)
SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, BACKGROUND_INTENSITY | BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED);
else
SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED);
cout << "已死亡 ";
}
}
if (ti == 0)
SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, BACKGROUND_INTENSITY | BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
else
SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE);
cout << endl;
for (int i = 7; i <= n; i++)
{
if (player[i].know == 0)
cout << "未知 ";
else if (player[i].know == 1)
{
if (player[i].name == "狼人 ")
cout << "狼人 ";
else
cout << "好人 ";
}
else if (player[i].know == 2)
cout << player[i].name << " ";
}
cout << endl << endl;
}
int shou = 0;
void shoushui(int hhh, int hhhh)
{
int x;
Sleep(3000);
system("cls");
print(hhh, hhhh);
cout << "守~卫~请~睁~眼~~~" << endl;
Sleep(3000);
system("cls");
print(hhh, hhhh);
if (MY == shouwei && player[MY].life == 1)
{
cout << "请问你要守护谁?" << endl << "输入:";
cin >> x;
while (x == shou || x<1 || x>n || player[x].life == 0)
{
cout << "输入错误,请重新输入" << endl << "输入:";
cin >> x;
}
shou = x;
}
else if (player[shouwei].life == 1)
{
cout << "请问你要守护谁?" << endl;
Sleep(rand() % 98);
srand(time(0));
x = rand() % n + 1;
while (x == shou || player[x].life == 0)
{
Sleep(rand() % 98);
srand(time(0));
x = rand() % n + 1;
}
shou = x;
}
else
{
cout << "请问你要守护谁?" << endl;
Sleep(3000);
shou = -1;
}
Sleep(3000);
system("cls");
print(hhh, hhhh);
cout << "守~卫~请~闭~眼~~~" << endl;
}
struct tou
{
int xxx;
int num;
int toupiaoquan;
};
tou TOU[13];
bool cmp(tou x, tou y)
{
if (x.xxx == y.xxx)
return x.num < y.num;
return x.xxx > y.xxx;
}
bool cmp1(tou x, tou y)
{
return x.num < y.num;
}
void toupiao(int ddd, int nnn)
{
//--------1--------
int x;
Sleep(2000);
system("cls");
print(ddd, nnn);
cout << "现在大家请投票";
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
{
cout << ".";
Sleep(500);
}
cout << endl;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
TOU[i].num = i;
TOU[i].toupiaoquan = 1;
TOU[i].xxx = 0;
}
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
if (player[i].life == 1)
{
Sleep(3000);
if (i == MY)
{
cout << "请投票...(0弃权)" << endl;
cin >> x;
while (player[x].life == 0 && x != 0)
{
cin >> x;
}
if (x == 0)
cout << MY << "号玩家弃权" << endl;
else
cout << MY << "号玩家投给了" << x << "号玩家" << endl;
}
else
{
srand(time(0));
if (player[i].name == "狼人 ")
{
x = rand() % (n + 1);
while (x != 0 && (player[x].life == 0 || player[x].name == "狼人 " || x == i))
{
Sleep(rand() % 98);
srand(time(0));
x = rand() % (n + 1);
}
if (x == 0)
cout << i << "号玩家弃权" << endl;
else
cout << i << "号玩家投给了" << x << "号玩家" << endl;
}
else if (player[i].name == "预言家 ")
{
x = rand() % (n + 1);
while (x != 0 && (player[x].life == 0 || player[x].name != "狼人 " || x == i))
{
Sleep(rand() % 98);
srand(time(0));
x = rand() % (n + 1);
}
if (x == 0)
cout << i << "号玩家弃权" << endl;
else
cout << i << "号玩家投给了" << x << "号玩家" << endl;
}
else
{
x = rand() % (n + 1);
while (x != 0 && (player[x].life == 0 || x == i))
{
Sleep(rand() % 98);
srand(time(0));
x = rand() % (n + 1);
}
if (x == 0)
cout << i << "号玩家弃权" << endl;
else
cout << i << "号玩家投给了" << x << "号玩家" << endl;
}
}
if (x != 0)
TOU[x].xxx++;
}
}
Sleep(3000);
sort(TOU + 1, TOU + n + 1, cmp);
if (TOU[2].xxx != TOU[1].xxx)
{
cout << "投票结束," << TOU[1].num << "号投票出局" << endl;
player[TOU[1].num].life = 0;
player[TOU[1].num].how = 2;
Sleep(3000);
return;
}
else
{
TOU[1].toupiaoquan = 0;
TOU[2].toupiaoquan = 0;
system("cls");
print(ddd, nnn);
cout << TOU[1].num << "号," << TOU[2].num << "号";
int i;
for (i = 3; i <= n; i++)
{
if (TOU[i].xxx == TOU[1].xxx)
{
TOU[i].toupiaoquan = 0;
cout << "," << TOU[i].num << "号";
}
else
break;
}
if (i == n + 1)
{
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
TOU[i].toupiaoquan = 1;
}
cout << "平票" << endl;
}
//--------2--------
sort(TOU + 1, TOU + n + 1, cmp1);
cout << "请再次投票";
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
{
cout << ".";
Sleep(500);
}
cout << endl;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
if (player[i].life == 1 && TOU[i].toupiaoquan == 1)
{
Sleep(3000);
if (i == MY)
{
cout << "请投票...(0弃权)" << endl;
cin >> x;
while ((player[x].life == 0 || TOU[x].toupiaoquan == 1) && x != 0)
{
cin >> x;
}
if (x == 0)
cout << MY << "号玩家弃权" << endl;
else
cout << MY << "号玩家投给了" << x << "号玩家" << endl;
}
else
{
srand(time(0));
if (player[i].name == "狼人 ")
{
x = rand() % (n + 1);
while (x != 0 && (player[x].life == 0 || player[x].name == "狼人 " || x == i || TOU[x].toupiaoquan == 1))
{
srand(time(0));
x = rand() % (n + 1);
}
if (x == 0)
cout << i << "号玩家弃权" << endl;
else
cout << i << "号玩家投给了" << x << "号玩家" << endl;
}
else if (player[i].name == "预言家 ")
{
x = rand() % (n + 1);
while (x != 0 && (player[x].life == 0 || player[x].name != "狼人 " || x == i || TOU[x].toupiaoquan == 1))
{
srand(time(0));
x = rand() % (n + 1);
}
if (x == 0)
cout << i << "号玩家弃权" << endl;
else
cout << i << "号玩家投给了" << x << "号玩家" << endl;
}
else
{
x = rand() % (n + 1);
while (x != 0 && (player[x].life == 0 || x == i || TOU[x].toupiaoquan == 1))
{
srand(time(0));
x = rand() % (n + 1);
}
if (x == 0)
cout << i << "号玩家弃权" << endl;
else
cout << i << "号玩家投给了" << x << "号玩家" << endl;
}
}
if (x != 0 && TOU[i].toupiaoquan == 1)
TOU[x].xxx++;
}
}
Sleep(3000);
sort(TOU + 1, TOU + n + 1, cmp);
if (TOU[2].xxx != TOU[1].xxx)
{
cout << "投票结束," << TOU[1].num << "号投票出局" << endl;
player[TOU[1].num].life = 0;
player[TOU[1].num].how = 2;
Sleep(3000);
return;
}
else
{
TOU[1].toupiaoquan = 0;
TOU[2].toupiaoquan = 0;
system("cls");
print(ddd, nnn);
cout << TOU[1].num << "号," << TOU[2].num << "号";
int i;
for (i = 3; i <= n; i++)
{
if (TOU[i].xxx == TOU[1].xxx)
{
TOU[i].toupiaoquan = 0;
cout << "," << TOU[i].num << "号";
}
else
break;
}
if (i == n + 1)
{
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
TOU[i].toupiaoquan = 1;
}
cout << "平票" << endl;
}
//--------3--------
sort(TOU + 1, TOU + n + 1, cmp1);
cout << "请再次投票";
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
{
cout << ".";
Sleep(500);
}
cout << endl;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
if (player[i].life == 1 && TOU[i].toupiaoquan == 1)
{
Sleep(3000);
if (i == MY)
{
cout << "请投票...(0弃权)" << endl;
cin >> x;
while ((player[x].life == 0 || TOU[x].toupiaoquan == 1) && x != 0)
{
cin >> x;
}
if (x == 0)
cout << MY << "号玩家弃权" << endl;
else
cout << MY << "号玩家投给了" << x << "号玩家" << endl;
}
else
{
srand(time(0));
if (player[i].name == "狼人 ")
{
x = rand() % (n + 1);
while (x != 0 && (player[x].life == 0 || player[x].name == "狼人 " || x == i || TOU[x].toupiaoquan == 1))
{
srand(time(0));
x = rand() % (n + 1);
}
if (x == 0)
cout << i << "号玩家弃权" << endl;
else
cout << i << "号玩家投给了" << x << "号玩家" << endl;
}
else if (player[i].name == "预言家 " || player[i].name == "猎人 ")
{
x = rand() % (n + 1);
while (x != 0 && (player[x].life == 0 || player[x].name != "狼人 " || x == i || TOU[x].toupiaoquan == 1))
{
srand(time(0));
x = rand() % (n + 1);
}
if (x == 0)
cout << i << "号玩家弃权" << endl;
else
cout << i << "号玩家投给了" << x << "号玩家" << endl;
}
else
{
x = rand() % (n + 1);
while (x != 0 && (player[x].life == 0 || x == i || TOU[x].toupiaoquan == 1))
{
srand(time(0));
x = rand() % (n + 1);
}
if (x == 0)
cout << i << "号玩家弃权" << endl;
else
cout << i << "号玩家投给了" << x << "号玩家" << endl;
}
}
if (x != 0 && TOU[i].toupiaoquan == 1)
TOU[x].xxx++;
}
}
Sleep(3000);
sort(TOU + 1, TOU + n + 1, cmp);
if (TOU[2].xxx != TOU[1].xxx)
{
cout << "投票结束," << TOU[1].num << "号投票出局" << endl;
player[TOU[1].num].life = 0;
player[TOU[1].num].how = 2;
}
else
{
cout << "投票结束,无人出局" << endl;
}
Sleep(5000);
}
bool game_over()
{
int pingmin = 0;
int langren = 0;
int shenzhi = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
if (player[i].life == 0)
continue;
if (player[i].name == "狼人 ")
langren++;
else if (player[i].name == "村民 ")
pingmin++;
else if (player[i].name == "女巫 " || player[i].name == "预言家 " || player[i].name == "猎人 ")
shenzhi++;
}
if (shenzhi == 0 || langren == 0 || pingmin == 0)
return 1;
return 0;
}
void night()
{
system("cls");
system("color 0f");
print(1, 1);
cout << "天~黑~请~闭~眼~~~" << endl;
if (n >= 12)
shoushui(1, 1);
Sleep(3000);
system("cls");
print(1, 1);
cout << "狼~人~请~睁~眼~~~" << endl;
if (player[MY].name == "狼人 ")
{
Sleep(1000);
cout << "你的同伴有:";
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
if (i == MY)
continue;
if (player[i].name == "狼人 ")
{
cout << player[i].num << "号 ";
player[i].know = 2;
}
}
Sleep(3000);
cout << endl << "请问你们要杀谁:" << endl << "输入:";
cin >> kill1;
Sleep(1500);
system("cls");
print(1, 1);
cout << "今晚你们要杀的是" << kill1 << "号玩家" << endl;
}
else
{
Sleep(4000);
system("cls");
print(1, 1);
cout << "请问你们要杀谁?" << endl;
do
{
Sleep(rand() % 18);
srand(time(0));
int x = rand() % n + 1;
if (player[x].name != "狼人 " && player[x].life == 1)
{
kill1 = x;
break;
}
} while (1);
Sleep(5000);
}
Sleep(3000);
system("cls");
print(1, 1);
cout << "狼~人~请~闭~眼~~~" << endl;
Sleep(2000);
system("cls");
print(1, 1);
cout << "女~巫~请~睁~眼~~~" << endl;
Sleep(2000);
system("cls");
print(1, 1);
if (player[MY].name == "女巫 " && player[MY].life == 1)
{
Sleep(1000);
if (jieyao == 1)
{
cout << "今晚" << kill1 << "号玩家被杀" << endl;
Sleep(500);
cout << "请问你要救吗???" << endl << "A. 救 B.不救" << endl << "输入:";
cin >> a;
if (a == 'A')
{
system("cls");
print(1, 1);
cout << "请问你要毒吗???" << endl;
Sleep(2000);
system("cls");
print(1, 1);
cout << "今晚" << kill1 << "号玩家被你解救" << endl;
jieyao = 0;
if (shou != kill1)
kill1 = 0;
}
else
{
if (shou == kill1)
kill1 = 0;
Sleep(2000);
system("cls");
print(1, 1);
cout << "请问你要毒吗???" << endl << "A. 毒 B.不毒" << endl << "输入:";
cin >> a;
if (a == 'A')
{
cout << "请问你要毒谁???" << endl << "输入:";
cin >> kill2;
while (player[kill2].life != 1)
{
cout << "输入错误,请重新输入:" << endl;
cin >> kill2;
}
duyao = 0;
}
}
}
else
{
if (shou == kill1)
kill1 = 0;
Sleep(2000);
system("cls");
print(1, 1);
cout << "请问你要毒吗???" << endl << "A. 毒 B.不毒" << endl << "输入:";
cin >> a;
if (a == 'A')
{
cout << "请问你要毒谁???" << endl << "输入:";
cin >> kill2;
while (player[kill2].life != 1)
{
cout << "输入错误,请重新输入:" << endl;
cin >> kill2;
}
duyao = 0;
}
}
}
else
{
bool b = 0;
cout << "请问你是否要用解药???" << endl;
int FFF = 0, kkkk;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
if (player[i].life == 1 && player[i].name == "村民 ")
FFF++;
if (player[i].name == "女巫 ")
kkkk = i;
}
if (jieyao == 1 && player[kkkk].life == 1)
{
if (FFF == 1)
{
if (shou == kill1)
jieyao = 1;
else
jieyao = 0;
kill1 = 0;
b = 1;
}
else
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
if (player[i].name == "女巫 " && kill1 == i)
{
kill1 = 0;
if (shou == kill1)
jieyao = 1;
else
jieyao = 0;
b = 1;
break;
}
else if (player[i].name == "预言家 " && kill1 == i)
{
kill1 = 0;
if (shou == kill1)
jieyao = 1;
else
jieyao = 0;
b = 1;
break;
}
}
}
Sleep(3000);
if (b == 0 && duyao == 1 && player[kkkk].life == 1)
{
system("cls");
print(1, 1);
cout << "请问你是否要用毒药???" << endl;
srand(time(0));
int x = rand() % 2;
Sleep(1500);
cout << "请问你要毒谁???" << endl;
if (x == 1)
{
duyao = 0;
int y = rand() % n + 1;
while ((player[y].name == "女巫 " || player[y].name == "预言家 " || y == kill1) || player[y].life == 0)
y = rand() % n + 1;
kill2 = y;
}
}
else
{
Sleep(3000);
system("cls");
print(1, 1);
cout << "请问你是否要用毒药???" << endl;
Sleep(3000);
cout << "请问你要毒谁???" << endl;
Sleep(3000);
}
}
Sleep(3000);
system("cls");
print(1, 1);
cout << "女~巫~请~闭~眼~~~" << endl;
if (n > 6)
{
Sleep(3000);
system("cls");
print(1, 1);
cout << "预~言~家~请~睁~眼~~~" << endl;
if (player[MY].name == "预言家 ")
{
Sleep(3000);
cout << "请问你想查验谁???" << endl << "输入:";
int x;
cin >> x;
player[x].know = 1;
Sleep(2000);
system("cls");
print(1, 1);
cout << "他的身份是:";
if (player[x].name == "狼人 ")
cout << "狼人" << endl;
else
cout << "好人" << endl;
Sleep(3000);
}
else
{
Sleep(3000);
cout << "请问你想查验谁???" << endl;
Sleep(3000);
system("cls");
print(1, 1);
cout << "他的身份是:......";
Sleep(3000);
}
Sleep(3000);
system("cls");
print(1, 1);
cout << "预~言~家~请~闭~眼~~~" << endl;
}
Sleep(3000);
if (kill1 != 0)
player[kill1].life = 0;
if (kill2 != 0)
player[kill2].life = 0;
player[kill1].how = 1;
player[kill2].how = 3;
system("cls");
system("color F0");
print(2, 0);
}
void night2(int hhh, int hhhh)
{
system("cls");
system("color 0f");
print(hhh, hhhh);
cout << "天~黑~请~闭~眼~~~" << endl;
if (n >= 12)
shoushui(hhh, hhhh);
Sleep(3000);
system("cls");
print(hhh, hhhh);
cout << "狼~人~请~睁~眼~~~" << endl;
if (player[MY].name == "狼人 " && player[MY].life == 1)
{
Sleep(3000);
cout << endl << "请问你们要杀谁:" << endl << "输入:";
cin >> kill1;
Sleep(1500);
system("cls");
print(hhh, hhhh);
cout << "今晚你们要杀的是" << kill1 << "号玩家" << endl;
}
else
{
Sleep(4000);
system("cls");
print(hhh, hhhh);
cout << "请问你们要杀谁?" << endl;
do
{
srand(time(0));
int x = rand() % n + 1;
if (player[x].name != "狼人 " && player[x].life == 1)
{
kill1 = x;
break;
}
} while (1);
Sleep(5000);
}
Sleep(3000);
system("cls");
print(hhh, hhhh);
cout << "狼~人~请~闭~眼~~~" << endl;
Sleep(2000);
system("cls");
print(hhh, hhhh);
cout << "女~巫~请~睁~眼~~~" << endl;
Sleep(2000);
system("cls");
print(hhh, hhhh);
if (player[MY].name == "女巫 " && player[MY].life == 1)
{
Sleep(1000);
if (jieyao == 1)
{
cout << "今晚" << kill1 << "号玩家被杀" << endl;
Sleep(500);
cout << "请问你要救吗???" << endl << "A. 救 B.不救" << endl << "输入:";
cin >> a;
if (a == 'A')
{
system("cls");
print(hhh, hhhh);
cout << "请问你要毒吗???" << endl;
Sleep(2000);
system("cls");
print(hhh, hhhh);
cout << "今晚" << kill1 << "号玩家被你解救" << endl;
jieyao = 0;
if (shou != kill1)
kill1 = 0;
}
else
{
if (shou == kill1)
kill1 = 0;
Sleep(2000);
system("cls");
print(hhh, hhhh);
cout << "请问你要毒吗???" << endl << "A. 毒 B.不毒" << endl << "输入:";
cin >> a;
if (a == 'A')
{
cout << "请问你要毒谁???" << endl << "输入:";
cin >> kill2;
while (player[kill2].life != 1)
{
cout << "输入错误,请重新输入:" << endl;
cin >> kill2;
}
duyao = 0;
}
}
}
else if (duyao == 1)
{
if (shou == kill1)
kill1 = 0;
Sleep(2000);
system("cls");
print(hhh, hhhh);
cout << "请问你要毒吗???" << endl << "A. 毒 B.不毒" << endl << "输入:";
cin >> a;
if (a == 'A')
{
cout << "请问你要毒谁???" << endl << "输入:";
cin >> kill2;
while (player[kill2].life != 1)
{
cout << "输入错误,请重新输入:" << endl;
cin >> kill2;
}
duyao = 0;
}
}
else
{
Sleep(2000);
system("cls");
print(hhh, hhhh);
cout << "请问你要毒吗???" << endl;
}
}
else
{
bool b = 0;
cout << "请问你是否要用解药???" << endl;
int FFF = 0, kkkk;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
if (player[i].life == 1 && player[i].name == "村民 ")
FFF++;
if (player[i].name == "女巫 ")
kkkk = i;
}
if (jieyao == 1 && player[kkkk].life == 1)
{
if (FFF == 1)
{
if (shou == kill1)
jieyao = 1;
else
jieyao = 0;
kill1 = 0;
b = 1;
}
else
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
if (player[i].name == "女巫 " && kill1 == i)
{
kill1 = 0;
if (shou == kill1)
jieyao = 1;
else
jieyao = 0;
b = 1;
break;
}
else if (player[i].name == "预言家 " && kill1 == i)
{
kill1 = 0;
if (shou == kill1)
jieyao = 1;
else
jieyao = 0;
b = 1;
break;
}
}
}
Sleep(3000);
if (b == 0 && duyao == 1 && player[kkkk].life == 1)
{
system("cls");
print(hhh, hhhh);
cout << "请问你是否要用毒药???" << endl;
srand(time(0));
int x = rand() % 2;
Sleep(1500);
cout << "请问你要毒谁???" << endl;
if (x == 1)
{
duyao = 0;
int y = rand() % n + 1;
while ((player[y].name == "女巫 " || player[y].name == "预言家 " || y == kill1) || player[y].life == 0)
y = rand() % n + 1;
kill2 = y;
}
}
else
{
Sleep(3000);
system("cls");
print(hhh, hhhh);
cout << "请问你是否要用毒药???" << endl;
Sleep(3000);
cout << "请问你要毒谁???" << endl;
Sleep(3000);
}
}
Sleep(3000);
system("cls");
print(hhh, hhhh);
cout << "女~巫~请~闭~眼~~~" << endl;
if (n > 6)
{
Sleep(3000);
system("cls");
print(hhh, hhhh);
cout << "预~言~家~请~睁~眼~~~" << endl;
if (player[MY].name == "预言家 " && player[MY].life == 1)
{
Sleep(3000);
cout << "请问你想查验谁???" << endl << "输入:";
int x;
cin >> x;
player[x].know = 1;
Sleep(2000);
system("cls");
print(hhh, hhhh);
cout << "他的身份是:";
if (player[x].name == "狼人 ")
cout << "狼人" << endl;
else
cout << "好人" << endl;
Sleep(3000);
}
else
{
Sleep(3000);
cout << "请问你想查验谁???" << endl;
Sleep(3000);
system("cls");
print(hhh, hhhh);
cout << "他的身份是:......";
Sleep(3000);
}
Sleep(3000);
system("cls");
print(hhh, hhhh);
cout << "预~言~家~请~闭~眼~~~" << endl;
}
Sleep(3000);
if (kill1 != 0)
player[kill1].life = 0;
if (kill2 != 0)
player[kill2].life = 0;
player[kill1].how = 1;
player[kill2].how = 3;
system("cls");
system("color F0");
print(hhh + 1, 0);
}
bool lr = 0;
void panduanlieren()
{
if (lr == 1)
return;
if (MY == lieren)
{
cout << "请射杀一名玩家" << endl;
int x;
cin >> x;
while (player[x].life != 1)
{
cout << "输入错误,请重新输入" << endl;
cin >> x;
}
Sleep(1000);
cout << lieren << "号猎人发动技能,开枪带走了" << x << "号" << endl;
player[x].life = 0;
player[x].how = 4;
}
else if (n >= 9)
{
srand(time(0));
int x = rand() % n + 1;
while (player[x].life != 1)
{
x = rand() % n + 1;
}
Sleep(1000);
cout << lieren << "号猎人发动技能,开枪带走了" << x << "号" << endl;
player[x].life = 0;
player[x].how = 4;
}
lr = 1;
}
void print1()
{
cout << "天亮了,昨晚";
if (kill1 != 0 || kill2 != 0)
{
cout << kill1 << "号";
if (kill2 != 0)
{
cout << "," << kill2 << "号";
kill2 = 0;
}
cout << "被杀" << endl;
}
else
cout << "是平安夜" << endl;
}
int main()
{
system("cls");
cout << " " << "狼人杀online" << endl;
cout << "请输入人数个数:" << endl;
scanf("%d", &n);
cout << "加载时间长，请耐心等待";
init1();
init2(n);
int k = 1;
do
{
srand(time(0));
init3(k);
cout << ".";
Sleep(17);
k++;
} while (k <= n);
system("cls");
system("color F0");
cout << "游戏即将开始";
for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++)
{
cout << ".";
Sleep(500);
}
Sleep(1500);
cout << endl << endl << "请大家查看身份牌......" << endl;
Sleep(45);
srand(time(0));
MY = rand() % n + 1;
cout << "您的身份是:" << player[MY].name << endl;
Sleep(500);
cout << "在" << player[MY].num << "号位上" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
player[MY].know = 2;
print(1, 0);
cout << "即将进入夜晚";
for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++)
{
cout << ".";
Sleep(500);
}
night();
print1();
if (game_over())
{
Sleep(1000);
system("cls");
cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();
return 0;
}
if (player[lieren].life == 0 && lr == 0)
{
panduanlieren();
}
if (game_over())
{
Sleep(1000);
system("cls");
cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();
return 0;
}
toupiao(2, 0);
system("cls");
print(2, 0);
if (game_over())
{
Sleep(1000);
system("cls");
cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();
return 0;
}
else if (player[lieren].life == 0 && lr == 0)
{
panduanlieren();
}
cout << "即将进入夜晚";
for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++)
{
cout << ".";
Sleep(500);
}
night2(2, 1);
print1();
if (game_over())
{
Sleep(1000);
system("cls");
cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();
return 0;
}
if (player[lieren].life == 0 && lr == 0)
{
panduanlieren();
}
if (game_over())
{
Sleep(1000);
system("cls");
cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();
return 0;
}
toupiao(3, 0);
system("cls");
print(3, 0);
if (game_over())
{
Sleep(1000);
system("cls");
cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();
return 0;
}
else if (player[lieren].life == 0 && lr == 0)
{
panduanlieren();
}
cout << "即将进入夜晚";
for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++)
{
cout << ".";
Sleep(500);
}
night2(3, 1);
print1();
if (game_over())
{
Sleep(1000);
system("cls");
cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();
return 0;
}
if (player[lieren].life == 0)
{
panduanlieren();
}
if (game_over())
{
Sleep(1000);
system("cls");
cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();
return 0;
}
toupiao(4, 0);
system("cls");
print(4, 0);
if (game_over())
{
Sleep(1000);
system("cls");
cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();
return 0;
}
else if (player[lieren].life == 0 && lr == 0)
{
panduanlieren();
}
if (game_over())
{
Sleep(1000);
system("cls");
cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();
return 0;
}
cout << "即将进入夜晚";
for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++)
{
cout << ".";
Sleep(500);
}
night2(4, 1);
print1();
if (game_over())
{
Sleep(1000);
system("cls");
cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();
return 0;
}
if (player[lieren].life == 0)
{
panduanlieren();
}
if (game_over())
{
Sleep(1000);
system("cls");
cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();
return 0;
}
toupiao(5, 0);
system("cls");
print(5, 0);
if (game_over())
{
Sleep(1000);
system("cls");
cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();
return 0;
}
else if (player[lieren].life == 0 && lr == 0)
{
panduanlieren();
}
if (game_over())
{
Sleep(1000);
system("cls");
cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();
return 0;
}
cout << "即将进入夜晚";
for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++)
{
cout << ".";
Sleep(500);
}
night2(5, 1);
print1();
if (game_over())
{
Sleep(1000);
system("cls");
cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();
return 0;
}
if (player[lieren].life == 0)
{
panduanlieren();
}
if (game_over())
{
Sleep(1000);
system("cls");
cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();
return 0;
}
toupiao(6, 0);
system("cls");
print(6, 0);
if (game_over())
{
Sleep(1000);
system("cls");
cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();
return 0;
}
else if (player[lieren].life == 0 && lr == 0)
{
panduanlieren();
}
if (game_over())
{
Sleep(1000);
system("cls");
cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();
return 0;
}
cout << "即将进入夜晚";
for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++)
{
cout << ".";
Sleep(500);
}
night2(6, 1);
print1();
if (game_over())
{
Sleep(1000);
system("cls");
cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();
return 0;
}
if (player[lieren].life == 0)
{
panduanlieren();
}
if (game_over())
{
Sleep(1000);
system("cls");
cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();
return 0;
}
toupiao(7, 0);
system("cls");
print(7, 0);
if (game_over())
{
Sleep(1000);
system("cls");
cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();
return 0;
}
else if (player[lieren].life == 0 && lr == 0)
{
panduanlieren();
}
if (game_over())
{
Sleep(1000);
system("cls");
cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();
return 0;
}
while (1)
system("pause");
return 0;
}
大家可以打开编辑器，自己去试一试（不会用的话可以看看这个博客如何使用DEV-C++（超详细）_devc++_我爱OJ的博客-CSDN博客），真的十分有趣
好了，我们回归正题
四.程序设计
【1.1】输出打印Hello,world
程序如下：
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout<<"Hello, world!";
return 0;
}
在编写完这个程序以后，大家估计会有很多疑问：为什么程序要这样编写呢？代码之间要有什么规则么？
要回答以上问题，我们必须弄清C++程序的程序结构
1.头文件
看程序的第一行：
#include <iostream>
C/C++ 编译采用分离编译模式。在一个项目中，有多个源文件存在，但是它们总会有一些相同的内容，比如用户自定义类型、全局变量、全局函数的声明等。将这些内容抽取出来放到头文件中，提供给各个源文件包含，就可以避免相同内容的重复书写，提高编程效率和代码安全性。所以，设立头文件的主要目的是：提供全局变量、全局函数的声明或公用数据类型的定义，从而实现分离编译和代码复用。
概括地说，头文件有如下三个作用：
（1）加强类型检查，提高类型安全性。
使用头文件，可有效地保证自定义类型的一致性。虽然，在语法上，同一个数据类型（如一个 class）在不同的源文件中书写多次是允许的，程序员认为他们是同一个自定义类型，但是，由于数据类型不具有外部连接特性，编译器并不关心该类型的多个版本之间是否一致，这样有可能会导致逻辑错误的发生。考察如下程序。
（2）减少公用代码的重复书写，提高编程效率。
程序开发过程中，对某些数据类型或者接口进行修改是在所难免的，使用头文件，只需要修改头文件中的内容，就可以保证修改在所有源文件中生效，从而避免了繁琐易错的重复修改。
（3）提供保密和代码重用的手段。
头文件也是 C++ 代码重用机制中不可缺少的一种手段，在很多场合，源代码不便（或不准）向用户公布，只要向用户提供头文件和二进制库即可。用户只需要按照头文件的接口声明来调用库函数，而不必关心接口的具体实现，编译器会从库中连接相应的实现代码。
2.名字空间
程序的第二行：
using namespace std;
英语翻译为：使用标准的名字空间
假设这样一种情况，当一个班上有两个名叫 Zara 的学生时，为了明确区分它们，我们在使用名字之外，不得不使用一些额外的信息，比如他们的家庭住址，或者他们父母的名字等等。
同样的情况也出现在 C++ 应用程序中。例如，您可能会写一个名为 xyz() 的函数，在另一个可用的库中也存在一个相同的函数 xyz()。这样，编译器就无法判断您所使用的是哪一个 xyz() 函数。
因此，引入了命名空间这个概念，专门用于解决上面的问题，它可作为附加信息来区分不同库中相同名称的函数、类、变量等。使用了命名空间即定义了上下文。本质上，命名空间就是定义了一个范围。
我们举一个计算机系统中的例子，一个文件夹(目录)中可以包含多个文件夹，每个文件夹中不能有相同的文件名，但不同文件夹中的文件可以重名。
3.主函数
看第三行：
int main(){
}
主函数的定义
- 一般而言，编写一个能运行在操作系统上的程序，都需要一个主函数；
- 主函数意味着建立一个独立进程，既是程序的入口，又是程序的出口；
- 主函数的返回值类型必须是int，这样返回值才能传递给程序的激活者(如操作系统)；
主函数的返回值用于说明程序的退出状态，如果返回0，则代表程序正常退出，如果返回非0，则代表程序异常退出；
注：最好不要把太多的细节方面的逻辑直接放在主函数内，这样不利于维护和扩展。主函数应该尽量简洁，具体的实现细节应该封装到被调用的子函数里面去。
下次预告：整数算术运算
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