前端之bootstrap框架
一、介绍
Bootstrap 是最受欢迎的 HTML、CSS 和 JS 框架，用于开发响应式布局、移动设备优先的 WEB 项目。
二、引入方式
地址：https://v3.bootcss.com/
bootstrap需要依赖于jQuery才能正常执行(动态效果)
第一次使用该框架的时候最好采用本地导入的方式,让pycharm记住bootstrap的关键字。
1、本地引入
1.引入jQuery 2.引入bootstrap的css文件 3.引入bootstrap的js文件 将下载好的bootstrap文件夹拖到pycharm项目中即可，再按上面的方式引入
2、CDN引入
1.引入jQuery CDN 2.引入bootstrap css的 CDN 3.引入bootstrap js的 CDN
三、页面布局
1、多数浏览页面的左右两侧都有空白区域————称谓左右留白
container 左右留白
container-fluid 左右不留白
2、栅格系统
Bootstrap 提供了一套响应式、移动设备优先的流式栅格系统，随着屏幕或视口（viewport）尺寸的增加，系统会自动分为最多12列，即响应式布局。
该系统能够自动监测浏览器窗口大小，从而根据大小来进行变化。
row 行 # 一个row就是一行 一行是固定的12份，一个row里面还可以无限的嵌套row col-md-1 占几份 col-sm-1 占几份 col-xs-1 占几份 col-lg-1 占几份
代码实例：
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <style> .c1{ background-color: palevioletred; height: 200px; border: 5px solid black; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row"></div> <div class="col-lg-6 c1"></div> 将六份分一边 <div class="col-lg-6 c1"></div> </div> </body> </html>
注意上面是在网页端的参数，如果改到移动端则需要添加代码：
<div class="col-lg-6 c1 col-sm-5"></div> <div class="col-lg-6 c1 col-sm-7"></div> 我这里将移动端页面改为5、7分成。这样在pc端为6,6分。在移动端为5,7分
栅格系统参数
3、列偏移
就是将任意份数的一行，进行向左或向右移动的操作。
<body> <div class="container"> <div class="row"></div> <div class="col-lg-8 c1 col-lg-offset-2"></div> </div> </body> 在基于总的12份的基础上。代表只需要8列，然后向右移动2分就居中了
4、表格与表单
表格：
为任意 <table> 标签添加 .table 类可以为其赋予基本的样式 — 少量的内补（padding）和水平方向的分隔线。
语法： <table class="table"> ... </table>
表格颜色设置参数
代码演示：一般都要给表格加上样式所以设定这几个参数：<table class="table table-hover table-bordered table-striped">
table-bordered:带边框的表格样式
table-hover:鼠标悬停
table-striped：有条纹的
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <style> .c1{ background-color: palevioletred; height: 200px; border: 5px solid black; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <!-- 向右移动3份，居中--> <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3"> <!-- 文本直接text-center即可。--> <h2 class="text-center">表单</h2> <!-- 添加表格的样式，用着三个即可。可以全部加上更好看--> <table class="table table-hover table-bordered table-striped"> <thead> <tr class="active"> <th>ID</th> <th>Name</th> <th>颜色显示行</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="success"> <td>1</td> <td>张三</td> <td>class="success"</td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr class="info"> <td>2</td> <td>李四</td> <td>class="info"</td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr class="warning"> <td>3</td> <td>王麻五</td> <td>class="warning"</td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr class="danger"> <td>4</td> <td>老六</td> <td>class="danger"</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
表单：form
基本设置：想让input框有样式，加入class=‘from-control’即可。
<input type="text" class="form-control" disabled> form-control 优化页面 disbaled 禁止其与用户有任何交互
代码演示：
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <form class="form-inline" method="" action=""> <div class="form-group"> <label class="sr-only" for="exampleInputEmail3">Email address</label> <input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail3" placeholder="Email"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label class="sr-only" for="exampleInputPassword3">Password</label> <input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword3" placeholder="Password"> </div> <div class="checkbox"> <label> <input type="checkbox"> Remember me </label> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button> </form> </body> </html>
5、按钮：
提交的按钮，跳转页面的按钮等，设置一些样式和属性。
代码：
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <!-- Standard button --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">（默认样式）Default</button> <!-- Provides extra visual weight and identifies the primary action in a set of buttons --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">（首选项）Primary</button> <!-- Indicates a successful or positive action --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-success">（成功）Success</button> <!-- Contextual button for informational alert messages --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-info">（一般信息）Info</button> <!-- Indicates caution should be taken with this action --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">（警告）Warning</button> <!-- Indicates a dangerous or potentially negative action --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">（危险）Danger</button> <!-- Deemphasize a button by making it look like a link while maintaining button behavior --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-link">（链接）Link</button> </body> </html>
链接a标签添加形状
<a href="#" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg active" role="button">Primary link</a> <a href="#" class="btn btn-default btn-lg active" role="button">Link</a>
改变图片形状
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-rounded"> <img src="..." alt="..." class="img-circle"> <img src="..." alt="..." class="img-thumbnail">
关闭按钮
<button type="button" class="close" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button>
快速浮动
<div class="pull-left">...</div> <div class="pull-right">...</div>
清除浮动
通过为父元素添加 .clearfix 类可以很容易地清除浮动（float）。
<!-- Usage as a class --> <div class="clearfix">...</div>
让内容块居中
为任意元素设置 display: block 属性并通过 margin 属性让其中的内容居中。
<div class="center-block">...</div> // Class .center-block { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }
四、组件
图标：直接复制用<span>标签包裹起来，在span标签里面写下组件图标的英文即可
五、导航条
1、代码
<nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container-fluid"> <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a> </div> <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="active"><a href="#">Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Link</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <form class="navbar-form navbar-left"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search"> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button> </form> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li><a href="#">Link</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --> </div><!-- /.container-fluid --> </nav>
2、表单
将表单放置于 .navbar-form 之内可以呈现很好的垂直对齐，并在较窄的视口（viewport）中呈现折叠状态。使用对齐选项可以规定其在导航条上出现的位置。
<form class="navbar-form navbar-left" role="search"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search"> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button> </form>
3、改变导航条颜色
通过添加 .navbar-inverse 类可以改变导航条的外观。
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse">
4、分页
<nav aria-label="Page navigation"> <ul class="pagination"> <li> <a href="#" aria-label="Previous"> <span aria-hidden="true">«</span> </a> </li> <li><a href="#">1</a></li> <li><a href="#">2</a></li> <li><a href="#">3</a></li> <li><a href="#">4</a></li> <li><a href="#">5</a></li> <li> <a href="#" aria-label="Next"> <span aria-hidden="true">»</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>
5、巨幕
<div class="jumbotron"> <h1>Hello, world!</h1> <p>...</p> <p><a class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" href="#" role="button">Learn more</a></p> </div>
注意：更多的使用，请在官方文档查看！！！！！！！
实战管理系统
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.6.0/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <script src="bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="fontawesome/css/font-awesome.min.css"> </head> <body> <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse"> <div class="container-fluid"> <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">图书管理系统</a> </div> <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="active"><a href="#">书籍 <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">作者</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">更多查询 <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <form class="navbar-form navbar-left"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search"> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button> </form> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li><a href="#">Jason</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">更多操作 <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#">修改密码</a></li> <li><a href="#">修改头像</a></li> <li><a href="#">后台管理</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">注销</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --> </div><!-- /.container-fluid --> </nav> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="list-group"> <a href="#" class="list-group-item active"> 书籍管理 </a> <a href="#" class="list-group-item">作者管理</a> <a href="#" class="list-group-item">出版社管理</a> <a href="#" class="list-group-item">其他</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-9"> <div class="panel panel-primary"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">图书管理系统 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-book pull-right"></span> </h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <a href="" class="pull-right btn btn-success">新增</a> <form class="form-inline"> <div class="form-group"> <div class="input-group"> <input type="text" class="form-control" id="exampleInputAmount" placeholder="搜索"> </div> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">搜索</button> </form> <br> <table class="table table-striped table-hover table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th>编号</th> <th>书名</th> <th>价格</th> <th>作者</th> <th class="text-center">操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>哈哈哈哈书</td> <td>199.99</td> <td>哈哈哥</td> <td class="text-center"> <a href="" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">编辑</a> <a href="" class="btn btn-danger btn-sm">删除</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>嘻嘻嘻嘻杂志</td> <td>199.99</td> <td>嘻嘻姐</td> <td class="text-center"> <a href="" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">编辑</a> <a href="" class="btn btn-danger btn-sm">删除</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>哒哒哒哒哒本子</td> <td>199.99</td> <td>哒哒哒</td> <td class="text-center"> <a href="" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">编辑</a> <a href="" class="btn btn-danger btn-sm">删除</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>嘟嘟嘟嘟玩具车义</td> <td>199.99</td> <td>嘟嘟嘟嘟</td> <td class="text-center"> <a href="" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">编辑</a> <a href="" class="btn btn-danger btn-sm">删除</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>三国演义</td> <td>199.99</td> <td>罗贯中</td> <td class="text-center"> <a href="" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">编辑</a> <a href="" class="btn btn-danger btn-sm">删除</a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="text-center"> <nav aria-label="Page navigation"> <ul class="pagination"> <li> <a href="#" aria-label="Previous"> <span aria-hidden="true">«</span> </a> </li> <li><a href="#">1</a></li> <li><a href="#">2</a></li> <li><a href="#">3</a></li> <li><a href="#">4</a></li> <li><a href="#">5</a></li> <li> <a href="#" aria-label="Next"> <span aria-hidden="true">»</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div><!-- /input-group --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html> </body> </html>
