Linux-部署RAID和LVM实验记录(REHL_7.0)
Linux-部署RAID和LVM实验记录
实验任务
- 添加5个1G的硬盘，配置4块组RAID10,，一块为热备盘，设备命名md0
- 在md0上创建分区大小为500M,格式化配置为交换分区设为开机生效
- 将md0剩余空间格式化为第二个分区，建立LVM为/dev/vg01/v01
- 格式化01逻辑卷为ext4文件系统，开机挂载在/share目录。
实验内容
一、添动加硬盘
由于实验环境为VMwarej虚拟机，为防止虚拟机报错建议关机后添加
二、配置 RAID10
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /dev/sd* // 查看硬盘是否添加到位
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 0 Aug 14 2022 /dev/sda
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 1 Aug 14 2022 /dev/sda1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 2 Aug 14 2022 /dev/sda2
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 16 Aug 14 2022 /dev/sdb
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 32 Aug 14 2022 /dev/sdc
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 48 Aug 14 2022 /dev/sdd
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 64 Aug 14 2022 /dev/sde
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 80 Aug 14 2022 /dev/sdf
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -Cv /dev/md0 -n 4 -l 10 /dev/sd[b-e] mdadm: layout defaults to n2
mdadm: layout defaults to n2
mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K
mdadm: size set to 1047552K
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -Q /dev/md0 // 查看 RAID组 简要信息
/dev/md0: 2046.00MiB raid10 4 devices, 0 spares. Use mdadm --detail for more detail.
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0 // 查看 RAID组 详细信息
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sat Aug 13 21:38:13 2022
Raid Level : raid10
Array Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB)
Used Dev Size : 1047552 (1023.17 MiB 1072.69 MB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Sat Aug 13 21:38:23 2022
State : clean
Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : near=2
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : localhost.localdomain:0 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : be34179b:bdb41bc9:4738ee26:4ea9aad6
Events : 17
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd
3 8 64 3 active sync /dev/sde
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm /dev/md0 -a /dev/sdf // 替换破损盘或添加热备盘
mdadm: added /dev/sdf
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sat Aug 13 21:38:13 2022
Raid Level : raid10
Array Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB)
Used Dev Size : 1047552 (1023.17 MiB 1072.69 MB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 5
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Sat Aug 13 21:57:49 2022
State : clean
Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 5
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Layout : near=2
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : localhost.localdomain:0 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : be34179b:bdb41bc9:4738ee26:4ea9aad6
Events : 18
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd
3 8 64 3 active sync /dev/sde
4 8 80 - spare /dev/sdf
| 参数 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| -C | 把RAID信息写入每个成员块中 |
| -v | 显示RAID创健过程中的详细信息 |
| -n | 指定RAID中活动设备的数目 |
| -l | 指定RAID的级别 |
| -x | 指定初始RAID设备的备用成员的数量 |
| -a | 加入一个以前定义的RAID |
三、创建交换分区，设置开机开机生效
- 创建第一个分区，分配交换分区所需的容量
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/md0
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x39c8fa95.
Command (m for help): n // 创建新的分区
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p // 新建主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1): //默认起始分区号位 1
First sector (2048-4190207, default 2048): //默认起始扇区位
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4190207, default 4190207): +500M // 配置所需容量 500M
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 500 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p // 打印分区表，查看信息
Disk /dev/md0: 2145 MB, 2145386496 bytes, 4190208 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 524288 bytes / 1048576 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x39c8fa95
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/md0p1 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w // 保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
- 配置交换分区
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /dev/md* // 查看分区是否创建成功
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 9, 0 Aug 13 22:22 /dev/md0
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 259, 0 Aug 13 22:22 /dev/md0p1
[root@localhost ~]# mkswap /dev/md0p1 // 格式化 swap 分区
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 511996 KiB
no label, UUID=92bd84ad-8790-4b55-b7fa-7f6bc3835b1b
[root@localhost ~]# free -m // 常看现有交换分区的容量，做对比
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 1987 579 1407 9 0 189
-/+ buffers/cache: 389 1598
Swap: 2047 0 2047
[root@localhost ~]# swapon /dev/md0p1 // 激活交换分区
[root@localhost ~]# free -m // 常看现有交换分区的容量，做对比
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 1987 580 1407 9 0 189
-/+ buffers/cache: 389 1598
Swap: 2547 0 2547
[root@localhost ~]# swapon -s // 显示交换区的使用情况
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/dm-1 partition 2097148 0 -1
/dev/md0p1 partition 511996 0 -2
- 配置交换分区开机生效
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/fstab // 编写交换分区开机生效
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Feb 14 21:23:35 2022
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 1 1
UUID=a5d26321-b0a1-48c3-8a81-c68e3683a91e /boot xfs defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/md0p1 swap swap defaults 0 0
[root@localhost ~]# mount -a
四、创建 LVM 磁盘阵列技术
- 分配 LVM 所的空间容量
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/md0
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n // 创建分区
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p // 创建主分区
Partition number (2-4, default 2): // 由于分区编号1用了，默认分区编号2
First sector (1026048-4190207, default 1026048):
Using default value 1026048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1026048-4190207, default 4190207):
Using default value 4190207
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 1.5 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p // 打印分区表，查看分区信息
Disk /dev/md0: 2145 MB, 2145386496 bytes, 4190208 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 524288 bytes / 1048576 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x39c8fa95
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/md0p1 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/md0p2 1026048 4190207 1582080 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w // 保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /dev/md* // 内核分区表没有更新，没有显示新建分区
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 9, 0 Aug 13 23:05 /dev/md0
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 259, 0 Aug 13 22:56 /dev/md0p1
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe // 重读分区表
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /dev/md* // 显示出来啦
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 9, 0 Aug 13 23:06 /dev/md0
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 259, 0 Aug 13 22:56 /dev/md0p1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 259, 1 Aug 13 23:06 /dev/md0p2
- 配置 LVM 技术，创建物理卷、卷组、逻辑卷
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/md0p2 // 启用物理卷功能
Physical volume "/dev/md0p2" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vg01 /dev/md0p2 // 创建物理卷
Volume group "vg01" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -n lv01 -L 1.5G vg01 // 创建逻辑卷
Logical volume "lv01" created
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay // 显示逻辑卷熟悉信息
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg01/lv01
LV Name lv01
VG Name vg01
LV UUID IpNrZr-OwAm-FUOu-43ct-wJOz-s8OW-fWyZoO
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2022-08-13 23:10:27 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 1.50 GiB
Current LE 384
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 4096
Block device 253:2
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/rhel/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name rhel
LV UUID 3ZFGO5-0rEe-15am-tSJi-iCAf-FoZ8-JvXvdy
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2022-02-15 05:23:34 +0800
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 2.00 GiB
Current LE 512
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/rhel/root
LV Name root
VG Name rhel
LV UUID 38vkAF-uVnZ-zvmA-1duP-nMyR-WZ8d-a6sk3l
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2022-02-15 05:23:34 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 17.51 GiB
Current LE 4482
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
- 格式化逻辑卷，挂载共享目录，配置开机生效
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg01/lv01 //格式化逻辑卷
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks
98304 inodes, 393216 blocks
19660 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=402653184
12 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /share // 创建共享目录
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/fstab //写入fstab文件，开机生效
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Feb 14 21:23:35 2022
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 1 1
UUID=a5d26321-b0a1-48c3-8a81-c68e3683a91e /boot xfs defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/md0p1 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/vg01/lv01 /share ext4 defaults 0 0
[root@localhost ~]# mount -a
