C++ 词汇表

C++词汇表

A

abort()                       特殊函数

                                 如果一个函数抛出异常,但在通往异常函数的调用链中找不到与之匹配的catch,则该程序通常以此函数调用终止

abstract base class             抽象基类

abstract class                 抽象类

                                       无实例对象的类,其唯一用途是被继承

abstract data type(ADT)        抽象数据类型

abstraction                   抽象

                            具体事物的一个概括

accessor function              访问函数。

可以访问一个对象但不能改变其值的函数。

action                       操作

action/decision model             操作判断模型

adding a pointer and an integer   指针与整数相加

address                      地址

一个指定变量在内存中的位置值。

aggregation  relationship       聚合关系

                                              类之间的“has-a”关系。

algorithm                    算法

                                   用以解决问题的规格说明,要求无歧义,可执行并且可终止。

ambiguity in multiple inheritance 多重继承的歧义性

ampersand(&) suffix           &号后缀

angle brackets                尖括号

ANSI/ISO  C++draft standard   ANSI/ISO C++标准

                            美国国家标准化协会(AmericanNational Atandards Institute)

和国际标准化组织(International Standards Organization)发

布的C++语言标准

appending strings to other strings 将字符串添加到另一个字符串中

argument                    参数

                            调用函数时使用的变量或由运算符连接的操作数。

argument in a function call       函数调用中的参数

arithmetic and logic unit         算术逻辑单元

arithmetic assignment operator    算术赋制值运算

arithmetic operators            算术逻辑符

array                        数组

                            同类型的值的集合,可以通过整型下标访问其中的值。

array initialize list                 数组初始化值列表

array of pointers               指针数组

array of strings                字符串数组

arrow member selection operator(->) 箭头成员选择运算符 

arrow operator                 –>运算符

p–>等同于(*p)﹒m。

ASCII character set                     ASCII字符集

ASCII code                     ASCII 码  

                               美国信息交换标准码(American Standard Code for Information Interchange),将字母,数字,标点符号和控制符同0~127之间的整数对应起来。

assembly language                汇编语言

assert macro                                   assert宏

                               宏是一种特殊的预处理指令,用来在程序中插入一种复

                               杂代码

assertion                        断言

                               在程序某个具体位置上应满足条件的要求,常用assert

                               宏进行测试。

assignment                      赋值

                               给变量赋予一个值。

association                      关联

                               类之间的一种关系。其中,一个类的对象可以操纵另一

                               个类的对象,一般情况下通过对象引用实现。

attribute                        属性

attributes of an object             对象属性

auto storage class specifier         auto存储类说明符

automatic storage                 自动存储

automatic storage class             自动存储类

automatic variable                自动变量

B

base case in recursion              递归中的基本情况

base class                        基类

                                派生其他类的类。

base class default constructor        基类默认构造函数

base-class constructor           基类构造函数

base-class destructor            基类析构函数

base-class initialize                 基类初始化值

base-class pointer                       基类指针

base-class virtual function         基类虚函数

behavior                                              行为

behaviors of an object              对象行为

Big-Oh notation                   大O表示法

标记g(n)=O(f(n)),表明函数g的增长率与用n表示的函数f的增长率相关。例如,10n2+100n–1000=O(n2)。

“Big three” management functions “大三样”内存管理函数

类中用来管理动态内存或其他资源的3 个至关重要的函数,即复数构造函数,析构函数和赋值运算符函数。

binary file                       二进制文件

以二进制形式存在的数据文件,不能以文本方式读取.

binary operator                   二元运算符

需要两个运算符对象的运算符,例如x+y.

binary scope resolution operator(::)       二元作用域运算符

binary search                      折半查找       

一种在以排序的数组中查找某个特定值的快速算法,每次查找空间减半.

binary search of an array            数组折半查找

binary tree                       二叉树

每个节点至多有两个字节点.

bit                             位

二进制数字,也是信息的最小存储单元,他只有两种取值:0或1.不能n位二进制数有2n种可能的取值.

black-box testing                  黑盒测试

在未知内部实现细节的情况下所进行的测试.

block                            块(程序块)

block scope                      块范围

body of a function                 函数体

body of a loop                    循环体

boolean operator                   布尔运算符

boolean type                      布尔类型

只有true和false两种取值的数据类型.

boundary test case                 边界测试用例

在合法边界值附近的测试用例.例如,如果一个函数要处理所有的非负整数,那么0 就是边界用例测试.

bounds error                      边界错误

试图访问数组合法范围外的元素所引发的错误.

bounds checking                  边界检查

break statement                   break语句

C++语句之一,用于终止循环或switch语句.

Breakpoint                      断点

                                在调试器中设定的程序点,当程序执行到该点时,调试器将停止程序执行,以便让用户检查当前程序状态.

bubble sort                       冒泡排序

buffered input                     带缓冲的输入

                                将输入按批处理方式集中处理,例如,每次要求输入一

行.

byte                            字节

                                一个0 到255之间的整数(8 个二进制位).事实上,目前所有计算机都将一个字节作为最小存储单元.

C

C++ standard library             C++标准库 

 

call a function                   调用函数

call-by-reference                 按引用调用

call-by-value                    按值调用

called function                   被调用函数

caller                                   调用者

calling function                           调用函数

call stack                                调用栈

当前所有被调用且未终止运行的函数集合,从当前函数开始,直至main函数结束.

cascaded overloaded operators               连续使用重载的运算符

case lable                                case标号

case sensitive                             大小写相关

区分字母的大小写.

cast                                     强制类型转换

将值由一种类型转换为另一种类型.例如,C++中将浮点数x转换成整型数,可以用强制类型转换static_cast<int>(x)来实现.

cast operator                             强制类型转换运算符

cast operator function                      强制类型转换运算符函数

catch a group of exceptions                  捕获一组异常

catch an exception                         捕获一个异常  

catch argument                           catch参数

catch block                              catch块

central processing unit(CPU)                中央处理单元

                                        执行机器指令的计算机部件.

character code                            字符编码

character constant                                              字符常量

character pointer                                                字符指针

character set                                                        字符集

cin.get() function                                                cin.get()函数

cin object                                cin对象

                                        cin属于某个iostream从派生的类

clarity                                   清晰性    

class                                    类

                                        程序员自定义的数据类型.

class Array                                                            Array 类

class Date                                                             Date 类

class definition                                                    类定义

class hierarchy                                                     类层次

class Huge Integer                                               Huge Integer类

class libraries                                                       类库

class member selector operator(.)                   类成员选择运算符

class Phone Number                                           Phone Number类

class scope                                                           类范围

class String                                                           String类

class template                                                     类模板

class template name                                          类模板名

Classes, Responsibilities and Collaborations(CRC)类、责任与协作

client of a class                                                    类客户 

clint/server computing                      客户/服务器计算

coercion of arguments                                       强制参数类型转换

collaboration                                                       协作

column subscript                                                 列下标

command line                            命令行

在Windows或UNIX的命令窗口中运行程序所键入的行,包括应用程序名和命令行参数.

comment(//)                              注释语句

为帮助他人理解程序代码而编写的解释说明,它将被编译程序忽略.

comparing strings                                               比较字符串

compiler                                 编译程序

                                        将高级语言(例如C++)所编写的代码转换为机器指令的程序.

compile error                             编译错误

compile-time error                         编译时错误

component                                                           组件

composition                                                        复合

compound statement                       复合语句

由多个语句组成的语句可,可作为if或for语句体.

computer program                         计算机语言

concatenation                             连接

将一个串放到另一个串的后面.

concrete class                                                  具体类

condition                                条件

conditional operator(?:)                                    条件运算符

const                                    一个关键字

                                        其声明的量具有不易改变的性质,而系统保留其类型属性和作用域,必要时保留地址属性

const type qualifier                                             const类型限定符

constant variable                                                常量变量

constant pointer                                                 常量指针

constant pointer to non-constant data                            非常量数据的常量指针

constant                                 常量

程序中不能更改的值.

constructor                               构造函数

通过初始值创建对象的函数.

continue                                 一种语句

                                        用在循环语句中,其作用为结束本次循环

control structure                                                 控制结构

conversion between built-in types and classes   类和内部类型之间的转换

conversion between class types                       类类型之间的转换

conversion constructor                                       转换构造函数

conversion function                                            转换函数

conversion operator                                           转换运算符

convert derived-class pointer to base-class pointer将派生类指针变为基类指针

copy constructor                  复制构造函数

用一个对象的副本来初始化另一个对象的函数

copy of a value                               数值副本

copying strings                            复制字符串

counter-controlled repetition         计数器控制重复

coupling                         耦合

                                表示类与类之间的依赖程度.

cout object                        cout对象

                                 cout属于从某个ostream派生的类

crafting valuable classes            构造重要类

customize software                    定制的软件

D

dangling pointer                   悬挂指针

未指向有效空间的指针.

dangling reference                        悬挂引用

data                             数据

data field                         数据成员

                                类对象中出现的变量.

data member                      数据成员

date type                                        数据类型

debugger                         调试器

允许用户运行其他程序,以便对其进行调试程序.在调试器中,被调试程序可以每执行一步或多步,终止运行,还可以查看变量的值等,用以分析程序是否存在缺陷.

decision                         判断

declaration                       声明

用以说明变量,函数或类的存在,但并不定义它.

declare an array                            声明数组

decrement a pointer                    递减指针

decrement operator(--)             自减运算符

default case in switch               switch中的默认case

default constructor                 默认构造函数

没有参数的构造函数.’

#define                          指令

用以定义常量和宏的指令,在欲处理阶段,#if和#ifdef指令也将需要这些值.

default function arguments           默认函数参数

default member wise copy           默认的成员复制

definite repetition                         确定重复

definition                        定义

用于描述变量,类型,类及其属性或函数及其实现的语句或语句序列.

delay loop                                       延迟循环

delete operator                    delete 运算符

用来回收动态(堆)内存的运算符.

delimiter                                           分隔符

dereference a pointer                复引用指针

dereferencing                     递引用

当一个指针指向一个对象时,用指针来获得对象.

dereferencing operator(*)            复引用运算符

derived class                      派生类

由基类派生的类, 通过增加数据成员或成员函数,重定义基类成员函数等方法改写基类.

derived-class constructor            派生类构造函数

derived-class destructor             派生类析构函数      

derived-class pointer               派生类指针

destructor                        析构函数

                                当对象超出其作用域时被调用的函数.

dictionary ordering                 词典序

                                 即字典序

directory                         目录

在磁盘上文件的组织结构,可以包含文件或其他目录

direct base class                            直接基类

directly reference a variable          直接引用变量

displacement into vtable             vtable位移

distributed computing               分布式计算

divide and conquer                 分而治之,各个击破

do/while repetition structure  do/while                   重复结构    

dot member selection operator(.)        圆点成员选择运算符

dot notation                       点运算符

用于存取对象中的成员.

double-selection structure            双项选择结构

double-subscripted array             双下标数组

doubly linked list                   双向链表

                                 链表的节点都包含两个指针,分别指向其前继节点和

                                 后继节点.

dynamic binding                   动态绑定

程序运行时,根据对象的类型来调用特定的函数.

dynamic memory allocation          动态内存分配

                                在程序运行时,根据程序的需要分配内存.

E

early binding                      提前关联

 

editor                            编辑器

element of an array                 数组元素

element of chance                  机会元素

eliminating switch statements         消除switch语句

empty exception specification         空异常指定

empty statement                    空语句

encapsulation                      封装

隐藏实现细节.

#endif                            之间的代码包含进来的预处理指令

end of file                         文件结束

                                   如果文件中所有字符都被读取,则文件结束条件为注

                                   意,并没有特定的文件结束字符.当从键盘输入来构一

      个文件时,则需要键入一个特定的字符通知操作系统

文件结束,但该字符并不作为文件的一部分.

enumeration                        枚举

enumeration constant                 枚举常量

enumerated type                     枚举类型

                                  一个带有有限数目的值类型,每个值都有自己的符名.

escape character(\)                   转义符

字面上没有任何含义的文本字符,但与其他字符或紧跟其后的字符结合起来时却有特定的含义.

escape sequence                     转义序列

exception                          异常

用来指明某个导致程序无法正常执行的条件的类. 该条件发生时,系统就会抛出一个异常对象.

exception handler                   异常处理

当某个特定的异常被抛出并被捕获时,用来处理该异常的语句序列.

executable file                      可执行文件

有程序的机器指令构成的文件.

execution-time error                  执行时错误

explicit parameter                    显式参数

                                   函数的形参,而不是调用函数时的参数.

explicit pointer conversion            显式指针转换

explicit type conversions(with casts)      显式类型转换(使用强制类型转换运算符)

expression                         表达式

由常量,变量,函数调用及其运算符构成的式子

extension                          扩展名

                                  文件名的后一部分,用来指定文件的类型. 例如,扩展

名.cpp表示C++文件.

extensibility                                  可扩展性

 

extern storage class specifies           extern存储类说明符

F

factorial function                          阶乘函数

failed stream state                                                 失败的流状态

fatal error                                                             致命错误

Fibonacci number                                                   斐波纳契数列

field accessor                                                      成员访问函数

field mutator                                                     成员变异函数

file                                                                文件

file pointer                                                        文件指针

file scope                                                              文件范围

file server                                                             文件服务器

filed width                                                            域宽

fixed-point format                                              定点格式

flags member function                                       flags成员函数

floating-point number                                           浮点数

flow of control                                                     控制流

flush member function                                      flush成员函数

flush stream manipulator                                  flush流操纵算子

folder                                                           文件夹

for repetition structure                                      for重复结构

formal parameter in a template header                 模板首部中的形式参数

format flags                                                          格式标志

format states                                                       格式状态

formatted I/O                                                      格式化I/O

friend of a base class                                          基类友元

friend of a derived class                                     派生类友元

friend of a template                                           模板的友元

friend overloaded operator                              函数调用运算符

fstream class                                                        fstream类

fully qualified name                                                 完全限定名

function                                                          函数

function call                                                         函数调用

function declaration                                           函数声明

function definition                                              函数定义

function overloading                                          函数重载

function overriding                                             函数重定义

function pointer                                                  函数指针

function prototype                                             函数原型

function scope                                                     函数范围

function signature                                              函数签名

function template                                               函数模板

function template declaration                          函数模板的声明

function template definition                             函数模板的定义

G

garbage collection                                                  垃圾回收

garbage value                                                      垃圾值

gcount member function                                   gcount成员函数

get function                                                         get函数

get member function                                          get成员函数

getline member function                                   getline成员函数

global object                                                        全局对象

global variable                                                     全局变量

good member function                                      good成员函数

goto statement                                                    goto语句

grep                                                             UNIX实用程序

H

has a relationship                                                "是"关系

head file                                                                头文件

heap                                                                 堆

helper function                                                    帮助函数

hex stream manipulator                                    hex流操纵算子

hierarchical relationship                                     层次关系

high-level language                                            高级语言

I

IDE                                                                       集成开发环境

identifier                                                               标识符

#if                                      当条件为真时,指示编译程序将#if和与其相匹配的

if selection structure                                          if选择结构

if structure                                                           if结构

if/else selection structure                                 if/else选择结构

ifstream class                                                       ifstream类

从istream继承的类

ignore member function                                   ignore成员函数

implementation inheritance                             实现继承

implementation of a class                                 类的实现方法

implicit parameter                                                隐式参数

implicit type conversions                                   隐式类型转换

#include                                 指示编译程序包含头文件的指令

in-core formatting                                              内核格式化

increment a pointer                                           递增指针

increment operator(++)                                     自增运算符

indefinite postponement                                  无限延迟

indefinite repetition                                           不确定重复

independent software vendor(ISV)                 独立软件供应商

indirect base class                                               间接基类

indirection                                                            间接

indirection operator(*)                                      间接运算符

indirectly reference a variable                          间接引用变量

infinite loop                                                          无限循环

infinite recursion                                                 无穷递归

infinite recursion error                                       无穷递归错误

information hiding                                              信息隐藏

inheritance                                                           继承

                                                                                    基类和派生子类之间的“is-a”关系

initialization                                                         初始化

                                                                                    当变量被创建时为其设置一个值

initialize a class object                                        初始化类对象

initialize a pointer                                               初始化指针

initialize an array                                                 初始化数组

inline function                                                     内联函数

inline member function                                     内联成员函数

in-memory formatting                                       内存格式化

input device                                                         输入设备

input/output                                                        输入/输出设备

instance of a class                                               类的实例

instantiate an object of a class                         实例化类对象

instantiation of a class                                           类实例化

integer division                                                    整除

integer division                                                        两个整数相除,只取商的整数部分

integer                                                                       整型

interface                                                                   接口

interface inheritance                                          接口继承

interface to class                                                 类的接口

interface                                                                    函数集合

interpreter                                                           解释器

invoke a function                                                调用函数

 

<iomanip.h> standard header file             <iomanip.h>标准头文件

iostream                                                            输入输出流

iostream.h                                是I/O流的标准头文件

 

“is” a relationship                         "是"关系

iteration                                             迭代

iterator                                                  迭代器                    

                                       在容器中用来遍历所有元素的对象

J

javadoc                                 在java SDK中的文档生成器

K

keyword                                           关键字

keyword class in a template type parameter          模板类型参数中的关键字class

keyword template                                         关键字template

“knows”a relationship                                  "知道"关系

L

late binding                                                  滞后关联

leading 0 (ocal)                                            八进制值的开头

leading 0x or 0X(hexadecimal)                 十六进制值的开头

left-justified                                                 左对齐

left-to-right associability                           从左向右结合定律

length of a string                                        字符串长度

lexicographic ordering                                    字典序   

                                                                            按字典中排序单词的方式对字符串进行排序

library                                                              库

已被编译并且可在程序中引用的函数集合

linear search                                                   线性查找   

                                                                            为查找特定对象,顺序地查找容器中的

                                                                            每个元素

linear search of an array                            数组的线性查找

linkage                                                          连接

linkage specification                                  连接指定

linked list                                                       链表

                                                                可以存放任意多个对象的数据结构

linker                                                         链接器 

                                 将程序文件和库文件链接起来形成可执行文件

linking                                                           连接

literal                                                            直接量

loading                                                          装入

local variable                                    作用域仅限于某个块内的变量

logic error                                                    逻辑错误

程序在语法无误的前提下发生的错误,将导致与规格说明书不符的执行结果

logical AND(&&)                                          逻辑与

logical negation(!)                                      逻辑非

logical operator                                              逻辑运算符

                                                                            用来完成逻辑运算的运算符,其值为布尔类型

logical OR(||)                                              逻辑或

long

loop                                                               循环

                                                                   可以重复执行的语句序列

loop and a half                                                中置循环       

                                                                            循环终止条件既不在开始,又不在结尾的循环

loop counter                                                循环计数器

loop invariant                                              循环语句执行一次后,保存程序状态的语句

loop invariant                                               循环不变式

loop-continuation condition                        循环条件

looping                                                         循环

lvalue("left value")                                     左值

M

machine code                                                 机器码

                                                                        可以直接被CPU执行的指令

machine dependent                                   机器相关

machine independent                               机器无关

macro                                                             宏

                                                                         用预定义的命令所构成的

                                                                            序列替换某个命令的机制

magic number                                               幻数   

                                                                            在程序中出现但没有解释的变量

main                                                             程序执行时第一个被调用的函数

make                                                            一个包含用于指定如何通过编译和链接

math library functions                               数学库函数

m-by-n array                                                m×n数组

member access control                             成员访问控制

member access specifies                           成员访问说明符

member class                                              成员类

member function                                        成员函数

                                                                    由类定义并对该类对象实施操作的函数

member function overloaded operator          重载为成员函数的运算符

member initialize                                        成员初始化值

member object                                           成员对象

member selection operator(.和→)              成员选择运算符

member wise copy                                     成员复制

memory leak                                               内存泄漏

memory location                                        内存地址

merge sort                                                       归并排序

          一种排序算法,先对数组中的两个子数组

                 分别排序,然后再将其合并起来

message                                                       消息

method                                                         方法

mixed-type expression                              混合类型表达式

modeling                                                      构造

modular program                                       模块化程序

module                                                          模块

                                                                 包含相关类和函数的程序单元

modulus operator(%)                                 求模运算符

multiple inheritance                                   多重继承

multiple-selection structure                       多项选择结构

multiple-subscripted array                       多下标数组

multiplication operator(*)                        乘法运算符

multiprocessor                                            多道程序处理

multitasking                                                 多任务

mutator function                                          变异函数

可以改变对象状态的成员函数

N

name clash                                                     命名冲突

                                                                   使用同一名称标识两个程序属性时将发生命名

                                                        冲突,导致编译程序无法编译

name decoration                                        名字修饰

name mangling                                           名字改编

name of an array                                        数组名

named constant                                          命名常量

namespace                           是用来避免命名空间冲突

negative test case                                         逆向测试用例 

                                                                    期望程序失效的测试用例

nested block                                                  嵌入块                     

                                                                            包含在另一个块中的块

nested control structures                          嵌套控制结构

nested parentheses                                   嵌套的括号

new                                                               用来从堆中动态分配内存的运算符

newline                                                          换行符

                                                                      字符“\n“,表明一行结束

O

no static local object                                  非静态局部对象

non-constant pointer to constant data                   常量数据的非常量指针

non-constant pointer to non-constant data   非常量数据的非常量指针

non-fatal error                                            非致命错误

nonmember function                                 非成员函数

non-over loadable operators                    非可重载的运算符

non-type parameter in a template header      模板首部中的无类型参数

null character                                              空字符('\O)

NULL pointer                                               NULL指针  

                                                                            表示指针不指向任何对象

numeric code of a character                         字符的数字代码

object                                                             对象

                                                                    用户定义类型的值

object file                                                         目标文件  

                                                                            由机器指令构成的文件

object-oriented design(OOD)                        面向对象设计

                                    通过找出应用中的对象、对象的属性及其关系而

                                          进行的程序设计

object-oriented programming(OOP)               面向对象编程

                                    其本质是把数据和处理数据的过程当成一个整体-对象

oct stream manipulator                             oct流操纵算子

off-by-one error                                            漏1错误  

                                                                            一类程序错误,其值比应有的值大1或小1

offset into vtable                                        偏移量

ofstream class                                             ofstream类

opening a file                                                  打开文件   

                                                                            为读写准备文件

operand                                                        操作数

operating system                                 加载应用程序并为这些程序提供服务的软件

operating system                                          操作系统

operator                                                       运算符

                                                                   用来表示逻辑运算或数学运算的符号

operator associability                                运算符结合律

operator char*

operator implemented as function             将运算符实现为函数

operator int

operator keyword                                      operator 关键字

operator overloading                                 运算符重载

                                           是简化对象运算的函数调用现象,通过定义函数名为operater的运算符函数,有关对象的函数调用可以简化为x﹫y或﹫x隐含调用的代替形式。

operator precedence                                   运算符的优先级        

                                                                            确定哪个运算符优先运算的规则

operator void* member function            operator void*成员函数

operator!

operator! member function                     operator!成员函数

optimizing compiler                                   优化编辑器

oracle                             预测其他程序行为的程序

ostream class                                               ostream类

output device                                              输出设备

over loadable operators                            可重载的运算符

overloaded !=operator                              重载的!=运算符

overloaded [] operator                              重载的[]运算符

overloaded + operator                                重载的 + 运算符

overloaded += operator                             重载的 += 运算符

overloaded = = operator                           重载的= =运算符

overloaded =operator                               重载的=运算符

overloaded assignment (=) operator        重载的赋值 运算符

overloaded++operator                              重载的++运算符

overloaded<<operator                              重载的<<运算符

overloaded<=operator                              重载的<=运算符

overloaded<operator                                重载的<运算符

overloaded>=operator                              重载的>=运算符

overloaded>>operator                              重载的>>运算符

overloaded>operator                                重载的>运算符

overloaded--operator                                重载的--运算符

overloading                                                  重载        

                                                                            给一个函数名或运算符赋予多个含义

overloading a binary operator                 重载二元运算符

overloading a template function             重载模板函数

                                                               当函数名和函数模板的名字相同但操作不同时,有必要用重载的方法把它们区分开,这种情况称为重载模板函数

overloading a unary operator                  重载一元运算符

override a base-class member function     重定义基类成员函数

override a pure virtual function               重定义纯虚函数

P

padding                                                        填充

parallel vector                                                平行向量    

                                                                            具有相同长度且对应元素逻辑相关的向量

parameter                                                     形参 

                                    函数运行期间可以被设置的变量,其值在函数调用

                                                                            时设定

parameter in a function definition              函数定义中的参数

parameter passing                                         参数传递

                                                           当调用函数时,使用表达式对函数的形参变量进行

                                                                            初始化

parameter value                                            形参值         

                                                                            函数调用者提供给形参的表达式

parameter variable                                      形参变量

                                                          当调用函数时,函数中用形参值进行初始化的变量

parameterized stream manipulator                参数化流操纵算子

parameterized type                                    参数化类型

parentheses                                                 括号

pass of s bubble sort                                  冒泡排序操作

pass-by-reference                                       按引用传递

passing arrays to functions                       将数组传递给函数

peek member function                               peek成员函数

pointer                                                        指针

                                                                  对象在内存中的地址

pointer  comparison                                指针比较

pointer arithmetic                                      指针算法

pointer assignment                                    指针赋值

pointer expression                                     指针表达式

pointer indexing                                         指针索引

pointer subscripting                                   指针下标

pointer to a base class                               基类指针

pointer to a base-class object                  基类对象指针

pointer to a derived class                          派生类指针

pointer to a derived-class object              派生类对象指针

pointer to a function                                  函数指针

                                    指向函数地址的指针

pointer to an abstract class                      抽象类指针

pointer to void(void*)                                void指针

                                    一种宽泛类型的指针

pointer types                                               指针类型

                                    值为地址的变量

pointer/offset notation                             指针/偏移量符号

polymorphism                                               多态

    根据对象实际类型从同名函数中选择相应函数执行

popping a value                                   删除栈顶值

position number                                         位置号

positive test case                                            正向测试用例  

                                                                            期望函数能正确处理的测试用例

post decrement operator                          后置自减运算符

postfix operator                                            后缀运算符    

                                                                            出现在操作数后面的单目运算符

postfix unary operator overloading        后缀一元运算符重载

post increment pow                                   后置自增运算符

pow function                                               pow函数

precedence                                                  优先级

precision member function                      precision成员函数

precondition                                                   前置条件

                                                                            当函数被调用时,该条件必为真

predecrement operator                            前置自减运算符

predefined stream                                     预定义的流

predicate function                                         谓词函数 

                                                                 返回布尔值的函数

prefix operator                                             前缀运算符

                                                             出现在操作数前面的单目运算符

preincrement operator                             前置自增运算符

preprocessor                                               预处理器  

                                                                  在编译前对源代码进行处理的程序

primary memory                                         主内存

principle of least privilege                         最低权限原则

private

private base class                                       private基类

private inheritance                                     private继承

                                                                         在私有继承中,只有类的成员函数才

                                                                            可以访问基类函数

procedural programming                          过程式编程

procedure                                                     过程

                                                                    没有返回值的函数

programmer-defined function                 程序员定义的函数

programmer-defined type                        程序员定义类型

programming "in the general"                 常规编程

programming "in the specific"                 特定编程

programming language                            编程语言

project                                                              项目

                                                                            源文件及其依赖文件的集合

promotion hierarchy                                  层次提升

prompt                                                        提示

                                                                      提示用户进行输入的字符串

protected

protected base class                                    protected基类

protected inheritance                                protected继承

protected member of a class                    类的protected成员

prototype                                                        原型

proxy class                                                   代理类

pseudo code                                                    伪代码

                                                                       在开发程序时,混合使用自然语言和

                                                                            C++语言写出的代码

public base class                                         public基类

public inheritance                                       public继承

public interface of a class                          类的public接口

pure virtual function(=0)                           纯虚函数(=0)

pushing a value                                             压入值

put member function                                put 成员函数

put back member function                       put back成员函数

query function                                            查询函数

R

RAM                                                              随机存储器 

                                                                            存放运行中程序代码和数据的内存区域

RAND_MAX

random access                                               随机存取

                                                                 不必依次访问而直接访问任意值

random number generation                     随机数产生

randomize                                                    随机化

rapid applications development(RAD)            快速应用程序开发

rdstate member function                          rdstate成员函数

read member function                              read成员函数

read-only variable                                      只读变量

recursion                                                      递归

                                    通过重复执行相同的计算来解决问题

recursive call                                               递归调用

                                    在函数嵌套调用的情况下,如果在嵌套的层次体系中追根溯源时导致函数对自身的调用,这种现象叫递归调用

recursive function                                      递归函数  

                                                                能够调用自身的函数

redirection                                                       重定向                

                                                                            将程序的输入或输出定向到文件,而不再

                                                                            是键盘或显示器

reference parameter                                 引用参数

                                                                      将与函数调用时提供的实参

                                                                            变量绑定在一起的形参

reference to a base class                           基类引用

reference to a derived class                      抽象类引用

reference type                                            引用类型

register storage class specifies                 register存储类说明符

regression testing                                          回归测试

                                                                        对于程序的每个更新版本,使用原有的

                                                                            测试用例重新测试

regular expression                                         正则表达式

relational operators                                       关系运算符

repetition                                                     重复

repetition structures                                  重复结构

reserved word                                              保留字

                                                              在程序设计语言中有特殊意义的单词,编程时

                         reserved word程序员不能用其命名

resetiosflags stream manipulator            resetiosflags流操纵算子

return

return value                                                    返回值

                                                                            函数通过return语句返回一个值

return-value -type                                      返回值类型

reusable code                                              可复用代码

right-justified                                               右对齐

right-to-left associability                           从右向左结合律

round off error                                               截位错误    

                                                                            由于计算机只能存储有限位的浮点数

                                                                            所引发的错误

row subscript                                               行下标

rules of operator precedence                     运算符优先级规则

run-time error                                                 运行错误

run-time stack                                               运行栈  

                                                                            当程序运行时,存放局部变量和

                                                                            函数返回地址的数据结构

rvalue("right value")                                  右值

                                                      出现在赋值运算符的右侧,仅含右值的操作数不改变内存的数据状态,右值不一定具有存储地址

S

scalability                                                     伸缩性

scaling                                                           比例缩放

scope                                                                作用域

                                                                         变量的有效范围

scope resolution operator(::)                   作用域运算符

search an array                                           查找数组

search key                                                    查找键

selection                                                       选择

selection sort                                                 选择排序       

                                                                            一种排序算法,不断地查找并移出最小值,直到

                         所有的值处理完毕

self assignment                                           自我赋值

self-referential structure                           自引用结构

semicolon(;)                                                 分号,语句中止符

sentinel                                                           标记值

                                                                       输入时用到的值,但通常不作为实际输入,

                                                                            只用来标识输入结束

sentinel value                                              标记值

separate compilation                                    单独编译

单独编译每个源文件,以便和目标文件链接起来最终生成可执行程序

sequential access                                          顺序访问   

                                                                            顺序访问每个值, 不能略过其中任何一个

sequential execution                                 顺序执行

services of a class                                       类服务

set function                                                 set函数

setbase stream manipulator                    setbase流操纵算子

setf member function                                setf成员函数

setfill stream manipulator                        setfill流操纵算子

setiosflags stream manipulator              setiosflags流操纵算子

setprecision stream manipulator            setprecision流操纵算子

setw stream manipulator                  setw流操纵算子

shadowing                                                      屏蔽

                                                                            通过在嵌套块中定义一个同名变量

                                                                            隐藏另一个变量

shell                                                                操作系统的一部分,用户通过键入命令来

                                                                            执行程序或操作文件

shell script shell                                              脚本

                                                                         由运行程序和操作文件的命令组成的文件

shifting                                                          位移

short

side effect                                                    副作用  

                                                                            函数除了返回值以外,还带来其他影响

signature                                                      签名

simple statement                                           简单语句

                                                                      由一个表达式构成的语句

simulated call-by-reference                      模拟的按引用调用

simulation                                                    模拟

single inheritance                                       单一继承

single-argument constructor                    单个参数构造函数

single-entry/single-exit control structures   单人/单出控制结构

single-selection structure                          单项选择结构

single-stepping                                                单步  

                                                                            在调试器中每次执行程序的一条语句

single-subscripted array                            单下标数组

sinking sort                                                  下沉排序

sizeof                               系统的关键字同时又是常用的运算符

skipws

slicing objects                                                 切片对象  

                                                                        将派生类对象复制给基类变量时,将

                         引起派生类对象中数据的丢失

software                                                       软件

software asset                                             软件资源

software engineering                                 软件工程

software reusability                                   软件可复用性

sort an array                                                数组排序

source file                                                        源文件

                                                                       由程序设计语言编写的指令组成的文件

source-code file                                          源代码文件

square brackets                                          方括号( [] )

stack                                                                栈    

                                                                            一种数据结构,只能在栈顶增删元素

stacked control structures                        堆栈控制结构

standard error object(cerr)                        标准错误对象

standard input object(cin)                           标准输入对象

standard library header files                    标准库头文件

standardized software components                标准化软件组件

statement                                                    语句

                                                                      程序中的语法单元

statement terminator(;)                            语句中止符

static                                                              C++关键字

static binding                                                 静态绑定

                                                              根据调用函数的对象类型来调用

                                                                            特定函数,在编译时该函数是确定的

static data member of a class template     类模板的static数据成员

static data member of a template class          模板类的static数据成员

static local object                                        静态局部对象

static member function of a class template  类模板的static成员函数

static storage class specifies                     static存储类说明符

static storage duration                              静态存储期

static variable                                              static变量

static_cast<type>()

std::cout

stepwise refinement                                   步求精

                                                                            将一个问题划分为若干小问题,再进一步将这些小

                                                                            问题划分为更小问题的解决方法

storage class                                                存储类

storage class specifies                                存储类说明符

strcat

strcmp

strcpy

stream                                                             流

                                                                    字节序列的抽象,可以从中读取数据,

                                                                            也可以将数据写入其中

stream class libraries                                 流类库

stream -extraction operator(>>)              流读取运算符

stream input                                                 流输入

stream manipulator                                   stream操纵算子

stream output                                             流数输出

stream-insertion operator(<<)                 流插入运算符

string                                                             字符串

string concatenation                                  字符串连接

string constant                                                字符串常量

string literal                                                 字符串直接量

string processing                                         字符串处理

string.h

srlen                               计算入口字符串的净长度

srncat

srncmp                             比较字符串

strncpy

strtok

structure                                                      结构

structured programming                           结构化编程

stub                                                                   桩

                                                                            一个没有任何功能或只有很少功能的函数

subclass                                                        子类

subscript                                                       下标

substring                                                      子串

subtracting an integer from a pointer             将指针减去一个整数

subtracting tow pointers                           两个指针相减

super class                                                   超类

switch logic                                                  switch逻辑

switch selection structure                          switch选择结构

syntax                                                              语法

                                                                          程序设计语言中指令的编写规则

syntax error                                                 语法错误

                                                                         由于没有遵循语法规则,被编译程序提示的错误

T

tab character                                                 水平制表符

  符‘\t’,将下一个字符定位到屏幕的下一个

    被称为制表位的固定位置上

table of values                                             数值表

tabular format                                             表格形式

template                                                         模板

                                                                   一个类集合

template  class                                          模板类

template  class member function         模板类成员函数

template argument                                    模板实参

template function                                       模板函数

                                    是一种描述,在调用点产生具体的代码

template name                                           模板名

template parameter                                  模板行参

template<class T>

temporary area of exchange of values            临时数据交换区

ternary operator                                         三元运算符       

                                                                            包含三个操作数的运算符

test coverage                                                测试覆盖   

                                                                            一个测试用例集执行了哪些程序语句

text file                                                            文本文件

                                                                    数据以文本方式存放的文件

test harness                                                  测试驱动

                                                                      一个调用被测函数的程序

test suite                                                       测试用例集

                                                                 程序测试用例的集合

tie member function                                  tie成员函数

tilde (~) in destructor name                      析构函数名中的代字符

time

token                                                            标记

tokenizing strings                                       标记化字符串

top-down,stepwise refinement               自上而下逐步完善

trace message                                               追踪信息      

                                                                            程序运行时,为了调试而打印的信息

transfer of control                                      控制转移

translator program                                     翻译器程序

triple-subscripted array                             三下标数组

TRUE

Turing machine                                            图灵机

                                                                      一种简单的计算模型,在计算机科学理论中用于

                         研究问题的可计算性

type parameter in a template header             模板首部的类型参数

typename

type-safe I/O                                               类型安全I/O

type-safe linkage                                        类型安全连接

U

unary  operator                                           单目运算符

                                                              只有一个操作数的运算符

unary scope resolution operator ::             一元作用域运算符

undefined value                                          未定义数值

unformatted I/O                                         无格式I/O

Unicode                                                          一种编码标准,用双字节存放码值,从而将                                                          Unicode各种语言中出现的字符全部容纳到该编码

Uninitialized variable                                  未初始化变量

unit test                                                          单元测试

                                                                       对函数自身进行的测试,需要把该函数和

                                                                            程序的其他部分隔离开

unsetf member function                           unsetf成员函数

unsigned

uppercase                                                    大写

user-defined conversion                           用户自定义转换

user-defined streams                                 用户自定义流

user-defined type                                       用户自定义类型

uses a relationship                                     "使用"关系

using namespace std;

utility function                                            工具函数

V

value of an element                                   元素值

value parameter                                            值参数

                                                                        形参的一种形式,其实参值直接复制给

                                                                            函数相应的形参变量

variable                                                         变量

                                                                   可以存放不同值的内存单元

variable name                                             变量名

variable value                                              变量值

vector                                                             向量

                                                                 实现动态数组的标准C++模板

virtual destructor                                        虚析构函数

                                    在基类的析构函数前加上关键字virtual声明

virtual function                                           虚函数

                                                                    可以在派生类中重定义的函数,实际调用

virtual function table                                  虚函数表

                         virtual function的函数取决于运用时调

                         用函数的对象类型

visual programming                                    可视化编程

                                                                   一种程序设计方式

void                                                                    用于表示无类型或未知类型的关键字

void*(pointer to void)                                void指针

vtable

vtable pointer                                              vtable指针

W

walkthrough                                                   走查

      为了验证程序的正确性,人工地模拟程序或部分程序的运行

watch window                                                监视窗口        

                                                                            一个调试器中的窗口,用于显示指定变量的当前值

while repetition structure                         while重复结构

white space                                                     空白字符

                                                                        包括空格符、水平制表符和换行符

white-box testing                                          白盒测试

                                                              考虑函数内部实现的测试手段

white-space characters                             空白字符

width

word processing                                         字处理

write member function                             write成员函数

ws member function                                  ws成员函数

zeroth element                                           第0个元素

posted @ 2019-08-06 21:51  王陸  阅读(3126)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报