[Django] 数据库驱动

目录

• 环境介绍
• mysqlclient
• pymysql
• mysql-connector-python

参考链接：

1. Django 连接MySQL的驱动设置

   对于在Django 中连接MySQL 的驱动，有以下三种：

   1. mysqlclient
   2. mysql-connector-pythom
   3. pymysql （建议：这个包已经有一年未升级了，本人不建议使用）。

2. python3应该用pymysql还是mysqlclient？两者有什么区别？

   There are currently a few options for using Python 3 with mysql:

   • mysql-connector-python
     Officially supported by Oracle
     Pure python
     A little slow
     Not compatible with MySQLdb
   • pymysql
     Pure python
     Faster than mysql-connector
     Almost completely compatible with MySQLdb, after calling pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
   • cymysql
     fork of pymysql with optional C speedups
   • mysqlclient
     Django's recommended library
     Friendly fork of the original MySQLdb, hopes to merge back some day
     The fastest implementation, as it is C based
     most compatible with MySQLdb, as it is a forkDebian and Ubuntu use it to provide both python-mysqldb andpython3-mysqldb packages.

环境介绍

Django3.2 + mysql5.7.35

mysqlclient

安装的时候需要安装前置库或mysql，生产环境部署困难，弃之

For Red Hat
sudo yum install python3-devel mysql-devel
pip install mysqlclient
For Debian
sudo apt-get install python3-dev default-libmysqlclient-dev build-essential
pip install mysqlclient

pymysql

（大概50%的概率）报错ModuleNotFoundError at XXXXX，提示：No module named 'MySQLdb.connections'
网上的教程说是在__init__.py或settings.py或manage.py里写入：

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

但是不论在哪里写都有这样的报错（发生位置不一样），弃之

mysql-connector-python

官方文档

1. 在settings.py里更新DATABASE的设置：

   DATABASES = {
       'default': {
           'ENGINE': 'mysql.connector.django', # 旧为'django.db.backends.mysql'
           'NAME': 'controller',
           'USER': 'root',
           'PASSWORD': 'nbc@mux_dev',
           'OPTIONS': {                        # 新增字段'OPTIONS'
               'autocommit': True,             # 官网里有的字段，不知道啥用
               'use_pure': True,               # 报错TypeError，搜了下，加上这个就好使了
           },
           'HOST': '10.12.198.243',
           'PORT': '3316'
       }
   }
   

2. pip安装mysql-connector-python，卸载另外俩，目前能稳定运行

报错记录：TypeError: sequence item 1: expected a bytes-like object, str found
搜索得到：Django: how to install mysql/connector python with pip3
某个回答的某条评论：

@Lucio please, update your answer: mysql-connector-python >= 8.0.13 has a bug, making it impossible to work with Django: code.djangoproject.com/ticket/30469 As a workaround, add 'use_pure': True to the 'OPTIONS'.– Dmytro GiermanOct 31 '19 at 7:58

添加'use_pure': True后不报错了