NCE4 L3 Matterhorn man
Lesson 3 Matterhorn man 马特霍恩山区人
First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What was the main objective of early mountain climbers?
Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it had never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary goal – the top!
It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could – sometimes with the local priest who was usually as poor as his parishioners, sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed.
每句注释：
Modern alpinists(不用climbers是因为后面有 climb 了) try to climb mountains(登山) by a route which(修饰route的定语从句) will give them good sport(运动；运动量，此处不可数), and the more difficult it(指代route) is, the more highly it is regarded(收到重视).
the Alps 阿尔卑斯山 / Alpine 阿尔卑斯山脉的 alpine 高山 alpinism 登山运动 alpinist 登山者
route n. 路线 -> road n. 道路 -> way n. 路 -> railway/railroad 铁路 -> highway 公路（不是高速公路）
高速公路：express way
a sea route 水路 / an air route 空路 / the 8th Route Army 八路军
by a route / by way of 借道 to visit London by way of Dover 借道多佛去伦敦
give sb. sth. 双宾语
good: teach sb. a good lesson 狠狠地教训； a good half of 足足一半的/一大半的；make good money赚大钱；to travel a good distance 走了很远的一段距离；a good many 许多；good 用来加强语气
the more …, the more … 越来越
regard vt. 1. 视作，看作；
- 对待，看待 How is he regarded locally? 当地人怎么看待他？他在当地名声如何？
to regard sb. with respect/contempt / to regard sb. highly/contemptuously 尊重/鄙视/高度重视/鄙视某人
regard … with n. regard … adv.
to regard sb. with love
现代登山运动员的心理和追求。
In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all(in the slightest/least).
in the pioneering days/years/stage/phase/period
in those days / These days, … / better days / in the days to come / rainy days经济困难的日子 / dog days 三伏天 days 表示岁月
rush/office/bussiness/school/peak hours 尖峰时刻/办公时间/营业时间/上课时间/黄金时间
not in the slightest / in the least
the case / the truth 事实
This was indeed the case / It’s not always the case / It’s quite another case / That’s not the case with(in terms of) me 情况确实如此 / 情况并非总是如此 / 这完全是另一回事 / 就我来讲，这并非事情
本句是过渡句
The early climbers(the pioneering alpinists) were looking for the easiest(和之前的difficult形成反差) way(route) to the top(summit), because the summit was the prize(purpose/aim/goal/end) (省略了that) they sought, especially if it(the summit) had never been(过去之前的情形) attained(征服conquer/surmount/subdue) before.
He was sleeping when the telephone rang.
用过去进行时让读者仿佛看到了当时的运动员正在找一条简单的路
showing / telling 用展现描绘而不是 tell
prize / award
a merit prize 优秀奖
purpose / aim / goal / end
seek (for) == look for == search for == hunt for
attain vt. 到达；达到 vi. (to)
征服：conquer / surmount / subdue
It is true that(经典句型) during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous(dangeous) nature(他们往往面临着最惊心动魄的危险), (省略了 as they were) equipped(过去分词作原因状语) in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought(一想到), but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement(追求刺激).
It is true that …, but …
True, … , but …
Granted, … , but …
Despite the fact that(==Although/while) …, …
It(形式主语) is true that he failed in the exam, but he is still an excellent student.
True(Granted) he failed in the exam, but he is still an excellent student.
Although(==while/Despite the fact that) he failed in the exam, (不要but,因为although等是连接词)he is still an excellent student.
explore exploration
they were often faced with / were often confronted with
letters (of a personal nature) == personal letters 私人信件
books (of an erotic nature) 色情书籍
research (of a fundamental nature) 基础研究
… they often faced difficulties and dangers …, equipped in a manner …
s + v + o, done …
interest vt. 使感兴趣 / be interested in // arm vt. 装备，使配备 / be armed with
equip vt. / be equipped with 用被动形式表示主动逻辑
Armed with a torch, he went up into the tower. （clock tower 钟楼）他拿着手电筒登上了塔楼
Done … , s + v . 前面是对后面的补充说明
He tried to explain the situation and said ‘it’s only me’.
Trying to explain the situation, he saied ‘it’s only me’. 后为重点
He tried to explain the situation, saying ‘it’s only me’.
Doing …, Done …, To do, s + v.
还原成状语从句：conj. s + do/be done/will, s + v.
As they were equipped …, …
in a manner/way/mode/fashion
by a … means
to do sth. in a routine manner 按照惯例做某事
I’m sorry that I reacted in such an impulsive manner. 对不起，我的反应太冲动了。
on one’s way to sp. 在自己去某处的地方
go out of one’s way to do 故意/刻意去做某事
court death/punishment/a lady
They had a single(sole) aim, a solitary goal – the top!
他们只有一个目标：登顶
第一段大意：早期登山运动员和现在登山运动员的不同，强调早期。
It is hard for us to realize(写作句型) nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers(early climbers).
现在我们很难意识到对早期的运动员困难会有多大。
Except for(除了=apart/aside from这两个放句首一英一美 = other than) one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular(非限制性定语从句，因为前面的两个地名是确定的、具体的), Alpine villages tended to(往往) be impoverished(对应上句的difficult) settlements(穷乡僻壤) cut off from civilization(与世隔绝) by the high mountains(群山环绕)(修饰settlement).
except /for/that/when
No one is late for class except Tom. 只有 Tom 迟到了
Rose is late for class besides Tom. 都迟到了
Your composition is excellent except for a few spelling mistakes. 前整体，后部分，用 except for=apart/aside from这两个放句首一英一美 = other than
I know nothing about his plan except that he will resign.
Pumas will not attack human beings unless(except when) they are cornered.
poor adj. impoverished adj. poverty n. 贫穷 poverty-ridden 穷困潦倒的
settlement 表示定居点
cut off(副词，去掉)
- 切掉：to cut the head of the chick off 剁掉鸡头
- 切断：to cut off the food supply. / people cut off not only from foreigh tourists but even from their own countrymen. 不仅和外国游客而且和本国同胞失去联系的人（与世隔绝的人）
除了一两个比如…和…的地方以外，阿尔卑斯村庄往往是群山包围、与世隔绝的穷乡僻壤。
Such inns(accommodations/hotels) as there were(省略了in the Alps) were(第二个were是谓语动词) generally(通常/往往) dirty and flea-ridden(对应首句difficult)(定语从句);(平行并列的时候用分号) the food(省略了was) simply local cheese(土奶酪) accompanied by bread(过去分词短语，就着面包吃奶酪) often twelve months old(形容词短语，stale bread陈年面包hhh), all(代词/名词) (没有was) washed down(过去分词短语) with coarse wine(劣质酒)(这部分整体是一个独立主格结构，🐂🍺…). ******* 平行结构的省略
inn 现代：经济型酒店；古代：小酒馆（能吃能住）
引导定语从句时，that(人+物)/which(物)/who/whom(人)/as(人+物，前面必须有such) 为关系代词
Such accommodations as(代词，代替前面的accommodations) she has found are too expensive.
Such people as know him regard him highly. 认识他的人都很看重他
There are some inns in the moutains.
Such inns as there are in the moutains. 在这些山区存在的酒馆
平行结构的省略：To err(犯错) is human, to forgive (省略了is) divine(神的).
平行结构相当于对偶。中间如果变成 and 的话就变成并列结构了。平行结构强调的是之间的对应
I have three brothers, and(这个and必须加，不加是错的，因为前后两个都是独立的句子) all of them are aboard.
I have three brothers, all of them (或者加being) aboard(独立主格，形式上没动词，逻辑上是一个句子).
As(引导原因状语从句) my mother was ill in bed, I had to stay at home. 前面是从句，后面是主句。整体是主从复合句。
My mother (或加being) ill in bed, I had to stay at home. 独立主格意思相当于一个句子，在此句中相当于一个原因状语从句
to wash down the pills with water 就着水吃药片
Often a valley boasted no inn at all(压根一个酒馆都没有), and(并列句) climbers(alpinist) found shelter wherever(此处引导地点状语从句) they could – sometimes with the local priest who was usually as poor as his parishioners(parish教区，parishioner郊区居民), sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers.
Often 单独放句首不常见，通常：Very/Most/Quite often
As often as not 表示非常经常（肯定） As likely as not 相当可能 More often than not
boast vi. (of) 吹嘘 vt. (about) 骄傲拥有，自恃有 中性偏贬义
There is nothing to boast of.
He is always boasting og his driving skills. 用进行时仿佛给出了正在吹嘘的画面，表示强烈不满
This university boasts 5 Nobel Prize winners.
a shelter from the wind 一个避风的地方
seek shelter from blame 寻求庇护以免受责
where adv.
- 地点状语从句：Put the bicycle here(地点状语，修饰put). Put the bicycle where it used to be. Put the bicycle wherever(ever 加强语气) it used to be. There is hope here. There is hope where there is life. 有生命的地方就有希望（留得青山在，不怕没柴烧） Where there is life, there is hope. Where there is a will, there is a way.
- wh-(who/where/when/why/what/how)+ever = no matter wh- / Wherever you go, whatever you do, I’ll be right here waiting for you.
as poor as a church mouse 穷得叮当响
as timid as a rabbit 胆小如鼠
as easy as ABC/a piece of cake 小菜一碟
as cool as a cucumber 很镇静
Invariably(Most often总是/不变的是) the background(环境 circumstance) was the same: dirt and poverty(脏且穷), and very uncomfortable.
副词放句首修饰整个句子。
invariably -> vary vi. 浮动 vt. 使多样化 variable adj. 多变的 invariable 不变的
Admittedly / Undoubtedly / Fortunately / Invariably , s + v
For men(alpinist) accustomed to(介词) eating seven-course dinners(七道菜的晚餐) and sleeping between fine linen sheets(高级亚麻布床单) at home, the change to(adaptation to) the Alps must have been(对过去的肯定推测) very hard indeed. 呼应首句的 difficult
be used to doing == be accumstomed to doing
appetizer开胃菜 + main course主菜 + dessert 饭后甜点
sheet n. a sheet of 一片/一块 a sheet of glass
to put clean sheets on the bed.
the adaptation/adjustment/accommodation to
It’s a large elephant.
It’s a very large elephant indeed.
Thank you very much indeed.
the pioneering alpinists 早期运动员
WALTER UNSWORTH Matterhorn Man
Bergdorf,a mountain village in Switzerland
New words and expressions 生词和短语
Matterhorn /ˈmætɚˌhɔrn/ n. 马特霍恩峰（阿尔卑斯山峰之一，在意大利和瑞士边境）
alpinist /ˈælpɪnɪst/ n.登山运动员
pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪr/ v.开辟，倡导；n.先锋，开辟者
summit /ˈsʌmɪt/ n. 顶峰
attain /əˈten/ v. 到达
perilous /ˈpɛrələs/ adj. 危险的
shudder /ˈʃʌdɚ/ v. 不寒而栗
court /kɔrt/ v. 追求
solitary /ˈsɑlɪˌtɛri/ adj. 唯一的
impoverish /ɪmˈpɑvərɪʃ/ v. 使贫困
Alpine /ˈælˌpaɪn/ adj. 阿尔卑斯山的
flea-ridden /fli: 'rɪdn/ adj. 布满跳蚤的
coarse /kɔrs/ adj. 粗劣的
boast /bost/ v.自恃有
parishioner /pəˈrɪʃənɚ/ n. 教区居民
shepherd /ˈʃepərd/ n.牧羊人
linen /ˈlɪnən/ n.亚麻布床单
the Alps /ði ælps/ n.阿尔卑斯山脉
单词注释：
Matterhorn /ˈmætɚˌhɔrn/ n. 马特霍恩峰（阿尔卑斯山峰之一，在意大利和瑞士边境）
the Alps 阿尔卑斯山脉。 最高峰：Mont Blanc 勃朗峰
the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山脉。 最高峰：Mount Everest 埃夫勒斯峰/珠玛琅玛峰
Alpine adj. 阿尔卑斯山脉的 alpine adj. 高山的 alpine plants 高山植物 an alpine belt 高原地带 alpine climate 高原气候
'mountainous adj. 多山的 a mountainous country 多山国家 alpine country 高山之国
alpinism n. 登山运动 == mountain climbing, alpinist n. 登山运动员 == mountain climber
the Alps -> Alpine -> alpine -> alpinism -> alpinist
the Himalayas -> Mount Everest
the Alps -> Mont Blanc
alpinist /ˈælpɪnɪst/ n.登山运动员
pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪr/ v.开辟，倡导；n.先锋，开辟者
pioneer n. 先锋，开辟者 the Young Pioneers 少先队员
the three pioneers of New Oriental School 新东方的三个开辟者
vt. 开辟，开创 to pioneer wilderness 开荒，拓荒。 to pioneer an enterprise 开创一个企业
pioneering: in the pioneering stage/years 在创业的阶段/时期
recreation -> n. 娱乐
summit /ˈsʌmɪt/ n. 顶峰
n. (山)顶峰 the summit of Mount Everest 珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰
(引申) a recent Geneva summit 最近在日内瓦举行的峰会。the Earth Summit 全球各国首脑峰会 a summit meeting 首脑会谈
the summit of one’s career 自己职业的巅峰
top: n. 顶部(反义:bottom) at the top of the world. 极为开心（比喻的用法）
crest: n. 鸡冠，鸟冠；(小)山顶，浪尖 => on the crest of a wave 在某人最得意的时候
summit: n. 顶峰
peak: n. 山峰。 peaks covered with snow all the year round.
the peak hours / peak time 尖峰时刻，黄金时间； peak rate 高峰价位
attain /əˈten/ v. 到达
v. vi. (to) 到达（地点）；达到（状态）to attain (to) the mountain top. 到达山顶，登顶（空间） to attain (to) manhood/the age of … 到达了成年人的年龄/多少岁（时间） to attain perfection/ to attain (to) one’s goal/hopes 臻于完美/达到自己的目的/达成所愿（状态）
to attain (to) the summit of Mount Everest. 到达珠峰的顶端
attain ment n. 动词+ment 1.到达，达到；2.成就，造诣
Past experience has taught us that certain accomplishments are beyond attainment.
– N3L50 new years’ resolutions 过去的经历告诉我们某些事情是无法达成的。
artistic attainment 艺术造诣，艺术成就
success 通常指世俗的成功（钱等），建议用 achieve/accomplish/attain+ment => achievement/accomplishment/attainment 成就
perilous /ˈpɛrələs/ adj. 危险的
peril ous peril => （文学措辞）表示危险，相当于 danger
perilous == dangerous
hazard == risk 潜在的危险/风险
hazardous == risky
threatening adj. 危险的，威胁性质的
precarious adj. 危险的（pre care 岌岌可危的）
occupational hazards 职业风险 economic hazards 经济风险
Divorce seems to be an occupational hazard for politicians. 离婚对于政界人物来讲是一个职业风险。
shudder /ˈʃʌdɚ/ v. 不寒而栗
吓的 vi. 战栗 He shudders at the thought of what may happen. 一想到可能要发生的事，他就不寒而栗。
shudder shiver（最常用，表示冷） tremble shake 都表示发抖
He shivers with cold/fear. 他冻/吓得发抖
court /kɔrt/ v. 追求
n. 1. 宫廷/朝廷 2. 法庭 3. 天井 4. （有围栏）场地：a tennis court/ basketball court
vt. 追求；博取；遭到，招致
He’s been courting Jane for years. 他多年来一直在追求简。
to court excitement / to court death / to court punishment 找刺激/找死/找罚
to court a disaster 招致灾难
chase vt. to chase a lady 追女孩子 pursue vt. 追求 run after vt. 追求（人或物/名声） court 追求
solitary /ˈsɑlɪˌtɛri/ adj. 唯一的
sole adj. 唯一的 a sole walker 独行者
- （人）无伴的 The Solitary Reaper 孤独的割麦女（Wordsworth（华兹华斯）的一个作品名称）
Wordsworth 华兹华斯 Southy 桑塞 Coleridge 柯勒律治 这三个人是好友，在湖旁经常作诗 lake poets 湖畔诗人。消极浪漫主义（十九世纪早期）
Byron 拜伦36 Shelly 雪莱30 Keats 济慈26 比上面的人晚（十九世纪晚期）积极浪漫主义
- 唯一的（强调数量）one’s solitary(single) purpose 自己唯一的目的
sole -> solo 独奏曲 -> solitary 唯一的；孤独无伴的 -> solitude 孤独/单独的状态
to lead a solitary life 过着孤单的生活 to live in solitude 生活孤单
impoverish /ɪmˈpɑvərɪʃ/ v. 使贫困
Alpine /ˈælˌpaɪn/ adj. 阿尔卑斯山的
flea-ridden /fli: 'rɪdn/ adj. 布满跳蚤的
flea n. 跳蚤 to skin a flea for its hide(工业要加工的兽皮) 剥跳蚤取它的皮，爱贪小便宜的
ride -> rode -> ridden 被跳蚤骑着 covered 被跳蚤覆盖的 ；跳蚤猖獗的
crisis-ridden 遍布危机的 crime-ridden 罪恶滔天的
coarse /kɔrs/ adj. 粗劣的
coarse（音：渴死）adj. 粗糙的劣质的（指物）；庸俗的，粗俗的（指人）
coarse skin 粗糙的皮肤 coarse food 粗粮/粗茶淡饭 coarse salt 粗盐 coarse sugar
refined salt/sugar 精盐/糖
coarse manners/jokes 粗俗的行为/玩笑 good manners 有礼貌
boast /bost/ v.自恃有
parishioner /pəˈrɪʃənɚ/ n. 教区居民
Paris 帕里斯 （特洛伊王子，诱拐了海伦的那个）；巴黎
parish n. 教区 英国国教：Anglican minister（大臣；牧师，传教士） church yard 教堂墓地
p**e**rish 毁灭；使死亡 A government of(所有格，人民所有的政府) the people, by(动作的发出者) the people, and for(目的) the people shall not perish from the earch. 一个民有，民治，民享的政府永远不会从世界上消失 of the people 民有 by the people 民治 for the people 民享
perish the thought 死了这条心吧
shepherd /ˈʃepərd/ n.牧羊人
'shepherd n. (herd: 群) 牧羊人
linen /ˈlɪnən/ n.亚麻布床单
to wash one’s (dirty) linen in public 在公开场合洗自己的（脏的）亚麻布：当众出丑
the Alps /ði ælps/ n.阿尔卑斯山脉
Notes on the text 课文注释
1、in the pioneering days,在初创时期，这里指登山运动的初创期。
2、equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought,他们的装备如此简陋，足以使现代登山者一想起来就胆战心惊。at the thought,一想到（他们的装备），英文中省略了 of the manner.
3、go out of one’s way 特地，不怕麻烦
4、cut off… from… 把…与…隔绝
5、such inns as there were 那里有的小客栈，as there were 用来修饰inns,作定语。
6、the food simply local cheese,在food 后面省略了was。
参考译文
现代登山运动员总想找一条能够给他们带来运动乐趣的路线来攀登山峰。他们认为， 道路愈艰险愈带劲儿。然而，在登山运动的初期，全然不是这种情况。早期登山者所寻找的是通往山顶的最方便的途径，因为顶峰特别是前人未曾到过的顶峰 – 才是他们寻求的目标。确实，在探险中他们经常遇到惊心动魄的困难和危险，而他们装备之简陋足以使现代登山者一想起来就胆战心惊。但是，他们并非故意寻求这种刺激，他们只有一个目标，唯一的目标 – 顶峰！
我们今天很难想像昔日的登山先驱们是多么艰苦。除了泽曼特和夏蒙尼等一两个很快出了名的地方外，阿尔卑斯山山区的小村几乎全是高山环抱、与世隔绝的穷乡僻壤。那里的小客栈一般都很肮脏，而且跳蚤猖獗。 食物是当地的干酪和通常存放了一年之久的面包，人们就着劣酒吞下这种食物。山谷里常常没有小客栈，登山者只好随遇而安。有时同当地牧师 （他通常和他的教民一样穷）住在一起，有时同牧羊人或制乳酪的人住在一起。无论住在哪儿，情况都一样：肮脏、贫穷，极其不舒适。对于过惯了一顿饭吃7道菜、睡亚麻细布床单的人来说，变换一下生活环境来到阿尔卑斯山山区，那一定是很艰难的。
