NCE4 L6 The sporting spirit

Lesson 6 The sporting spirit 体育的精神

sporting

sport n. 可数 country sports 乡间体育活动 athletic sports 体育运动

u.不可数 I’m found of sport.

sporting activities 体育活动

a sporting magazine 体育杂志

the sporting world 体育世界

It’s very sporting of you to give me such an advantage. 有运动家风范的，有体育精神的

The sporting spirit 运动家精神

First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题.
How does the writer describe sport at the international level?

​ I am always amazed(表示批判) when I hear people saying(宾补) that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and(表示并列) that(后面是一个复合句) if only(假如) the common peoples(此处可数，民族，民众) of the world could(虚拟语气) meet one another(each other 是两者之间) at football or cricket, (可加 then) they would(虚拟语气) have no inclination to(将无意向去做…) meet on the battlefield(在战场上相遇).

sport creates goodwill

at: 在 … 方面

be good at …

be expert at …

He’s a genius at English.

He’s still green at his job.

You are always ready at excuse.

人们总是讲，体育可以带来国与国之间的友善，还说，倘若世界各国的普通民众能够在足球场或板球场上相遇，他们将无意在战场上一决高下，每当我听到人们这样说，我总是相当震惊。

only if 只有 if only 只要

The picnic will be cancelled only if it rains. 只有下雨才会取消野餐

If only it stops raining, you can go out to play.

Only if a teacher gives permission, it a student allowed to enter the room. 只有经过老师允许，学生才能进入这个房间（表示不赞同）

Even if(即使) one didn’t know from concrete(具体的) examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests(体育比赛) lead to(result in/give rise to/bring about) orgies of hatred, one could deduce(推理) it(hatred) from general principles(从基本原理，基本知识).

concrete -> abstract

detailed/specific -> general

强调 general principles

international sporting contests(体育比赛) lead to(result in/give rise to/bring about) orgies of hatred 这部分是作者的 standpoint

第一段第一句：对人们的观点提出质疑

第一段第二句：提出自己的观点

​ Nearly all the sports practised nowadays(these days 如今) are competitive(竞争性的).

You play to win, and the game(contest) has little meaning unless(except when) you do your utmost to(竭尽全力) win.

play with sth./sb.

play sb. at sth. 和某人比赛

utter vt. 发出（声音）adj. complete

most

uttermost => utmost adj. 最完全，极限

in the utmost danger

be of utmost importance

That is the utmost that I can do. 这是我能做的极限

enjoy oneself to the utmost. 开心死了

do one’s utmost to do

exert(运用，施加) oneself to the utmost to do

go to great lengths to do 竭尽全力做某事

spare no pains to do

第二句是对第一句的进一步解释（推理 deduction）

On the village green(公共场地), where you pick up sides(choose side 选边，随意组队) and no feeling of local patriotism is involved(不会涉及到地方情绪), it is possible to play(比赛) simply for the fun and exercise(身体锻炼): but as soon as(一旦) the question of prestige(reputation 名声问题) arises(comes up/appears), as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit(单位) will be disgraced(颜面尽失) if you lose(fail 输掉比赛), the most savage(野蛮的 primitive/crude) combative(好战，好斗 aggressive) instincts(nature)(最野蛮的好斗本性) are aroused.

green adj. 绿色的，n. 1. 公共场地 the village green 2. 赛用草坪

绿化草坪 lawn

pick up 搭顺风车，接某人，捡起来，选择

morning/physical exercise

It’s a question of time/pride/reputation. 这是时间/面子/名声问题

a monetary unit 货币单位

arise vi. rise vi. 出现

arouse vt. rouse vt. 激起

provoke/stimulate/rouse/cause

Anyone who(whoever) has played(比赛) even in a school football match knows this.

所有参加过学校的足球赛的人都知道这一点

At the international level, sport(此处是抽象名词，泛指体育) is frankly(to be frank/Frankly speaking/Frankly) mimic warfare(模拟战争).

从小推到大

at the speed/rate/height/depth/level of

Government at different levels 不同级别的政府

a mimic/mock interview

But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players(比赛者) but the attitude of the spectators(观众,audience,viewer):(冒号表示强调) and, behind the spectators(在观众的背后还有国家的态度), of the nations who work themselves into furies over(对…暴跳如雷) these absurd contests(荒谬的比赛), and seriously believe(一本正经地相信) – at any rate for short periods – that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue(民族品德). 作者真正批判的是国家

What matter is == The significant thing is

audience 强调听众，所以此处不太合适（此处强调观众）an audience 集合名词，表示一群观众

viewer 表示电影观众

fury

Fury 希腊神话中的复仇女神

What a little Fury she is! 她真是一个小泼妇

[u] 暴怒 She is in fury. 她处在暴怒当中

She is in a fury.

She flew into a fury at the news. 她看到消息勃然大怒

work 努力

She worked herself into a fury at the news. 自己使自己进入暴怒

He worked that stone/table into position. 他把石头复归原位/他把桌子摆好了

This speaker worked the audience into excitement. 这位演讲者让观众陷入激动状态

GEORGE ORWELL The sporting spirit

East Midlands “PIX”

New words and expressions 生词和短语

goodwill n.友好

will n. 意愿

to pay a goodwill visit to Europe. 友好访问

to pay a state visit to Europe. 国事访问

to pay a official visit to Europe. 正式访问

to return a visit to sb. 回访

establish/create goodwill relations with 建立 …

maintain/preserve goodwill relations with 保持 …

consolidate/strengthen/cement/promote/boost goodwill relations with加强…

break off goodwill relations with 中断友好关系

cricket n.板球

play sb. at cricket

be good at(在什么方面)

as lively as a cricket 像蟋蟀一样活泼

as merry as a cricket

the chirping of crickets 蛐蛐叫

inclination n.意愿

incline v. 1. sth. （使）倾斜 2. sb. （使）倾向

be inclined to do sth. 倾向于做某事

an inclined plane 一个倾斜的平面，斜面

inclination n. 倾斜，倾向

an inclination of one’s head/body 低头/鞠躬

to follow one’s inclinations 随心所欲

have the inclination to do == be inclined to do 倾向于做某事

contest n.比赛

'contest n. 竞赛

orgy n.无节制，放荡

n. 1. 纵酒 狂欢/舞 2. 无节制的行为/放荡的行为

an orgy of shopping/spending/parties 疯狂购物/消费/聚会

orgies of shopping

an all-night orgy of watching films 通宵看电影

orgies of hatred 深仇大恨

deduce v.推断

induce / seduce引诱，勾引 / produce生产 / reduce减少 / introduce引入，引进

duce / duct -> 管道

生产线

induce vt. 1. 劝使(persuade) to induce sb. to do 2. 引起，导致（cause）

indigestion induced by overeating 暴食引起的消化不良

induced abortion 人工流产

illness induced by overwork 过度劳累

induce -> inductio归纳 -> inductive归纳的

deduce v. 推理

From her conversation, I could deduce that she had a large family.

deduction 推理演绎 -> induction 归纳

deductive -> inductive

competitive adj.竞争性的
patriotism n.地方观念，爱国主义

patriot 1. 爱国者 2. 注重乡土观念的人，爱家乡的人

pat 拍 + riot 暴乱

alien 外星人，外国人，外乡人

patriotic 爱国的，有乡土观念的

compatriot 同胞

disgrace v.使丢脸

dis’grace

grace 优雅 graceful graceless

There is no disgrace in being poor.

He got drunk and brought disgrace on(使某人蒙羞) himself.

disgraceful manners 可耻的行为

disgraceful 可耻的

savage adj.野性的
combative adj.好斗的

a single combat 单打独斗

combat effectiveness 战斗力

combative 好战的 a combative nation/nature

combatant 作战人员

non-combatant 非作战人员

combat combative combatant

mimic warfare 模拟战争

a mimic battle 军演

a mimic crying 装哭

mimic

simulated 模仿，模拟

mock n. 模拟

a mock interview 模拟面试

warfare 战斗，战争 （更加书面）

economic warfare 经济战

diplomatic warfare 外交战

wage warfare against 对…发起战争

behaviour n.行动，举止
absurd adj.荒唐的

荒谬的

Notes on the text 课文注释

1 if only the common peoples of the world…,这里 if only 引导的一个非真实条件句，if only作“只要”讲。
2 have no inclination to do,无意做…,不想做…。
3 deduce…from… 从…推断出…。
4 You play to win. 句中的you 是泛指人，可译作“人们”。
5 pick up,随意挑选。
6 and,behind the spectators,of the nations,在of the nations前面省略了the attitude。

参考译文

当我听人们说体育运动可创造国家之间的友谊，还说各国民众若在足球场或板球场上交锋，就不愿在战场上残杀的时候，我总是惊愕不已。一个人即使不能从具体的事例（例如1936年的奥林匹克运动会）了解到国际运动比赛会导致疯狂的仇恨，也可以从常理中推断出结论。

现在开展的体育运动几乎都是竞争性的。参加比赛就是为了取胜。如果不拚命去赢，比赛就没有什么意义了。 在乡间的草坪上，当你随意组成两个队，并且不涉及任何地方情绪时，那才可能是单纯的为了娱乐和锻炼而进行比赛。可是一量涉及到荣誉问题，一旦你想到你和某一团体会因为你输而丢脸时，那么最野蛮的争斗天性便会激发起来。即使是仅仅参加过学校足球赛的人也有种体会。在国际比赛中，体育简直是一场模拟战争。但是，要紧的还不是运动员的行为，而是观众的态度，以及观众身后各个国家的态度。面对着这些荒唐的比赛，参赛的各个国家会如痴如狂，甚至煞有介事地相信 – 至少在短期内如此 – 跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是对一个民族品德素质的检验。