作者:Willmove
主页:http://www.amuhouse.com
E-mail: willmove@gmail.com
声明:系作者原创作品,转载请注明出处。
ASP.NET中一般都是使用SQL Server作为后台数据库。一般的ASP.NET数据库操作示例程序都是使用单独的数据访问,就是说每个页面都写连接到数据库,存取数据,关闭数据库的代码。这种方式带来了一些弊端,一个就是如果你的数据库改变了,你必须一个页面一个页面的去更改数据库连接代码。
第二个弊端就是代码冗余,很多代码都是重复的,不必要的。
因此,我试图通过一种一致的数据库操作类来实现ASP.NET种的数据访问。
我们就拿一般网站上都会有的新闻发布系统来做例子,它需要一个文章数据库,我们把这个数据库命名为 News_Articles。新闻发布系统涉及到 发布新闻,展示文章,管理文章等。
一篇文章一般都会有标题,作者,发表时间,内容,另外我们需要把它们编号。我们把它写成一个类,叫 Article 类,代码如下:
//Article.cs
using System;
namespace News_Articles.Data
{
/// <summary>
/// Summary description for Article.
/// </summary>
public class Article
{
private int _id; //文章编号
private string _author; //文章的作者
private string _topic; //文章的标题
private DateTime _postTime; //文章的发表时间
private string _content; //文章内容
public int ID
{
get { return _id;}
set { _id = value;}
}
public string Author
{
get { return _author; }
set { _author = value; }
}
public string Topic
{
get { return _topic; }
set { _topic = value; }
}
public string Content
{
get { return _content; }
set { _content = value; }
}
public DateTime PostTime
{
get { return _postTime; }
set { _postTime = value; }
}
}
}
然后我们写一个文章集合类 ArticleCollection
代码如下
程序代码
//ArticleCollection.cs
using System[color=#0000ff];
using System.Collections;
namespace News_Articles.Data
{
/// <summary>
/// 文章的集合类,继承于 ArrayList
/// </summary>
public class ArticleCollection : ArrayList
{
public ArticleCollection() : base()
{
}
public ArticleCollection(ICollection c) : base(c)
{
}
}
}[/color]
这个类相当于一个ASP.NET中的DataSet(其实两者很不一样),很简单,主要的目的是把将很多篇文章集合,以便在ASP.NET页面中给DataGrid或者DataList作为数据源,以显示文章。
现在我们可以实现对News_Articles数据库的操作了,我说过,这是一个数据库操作类。不妨命名为 ArticleDb。实现如下:
程序代码
//ArticleDb.cs
using System;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
namespace News_Articles.Data
{
/// <summary>
/// 数据库操作类,实现文章数据库的读取,插入,更新,删除
/// </summary>
public class ArticleDb
{
private SqlConnection _conn; //SQL Server 数据库连接
private string _articledb = "News_Articles"; //SQL Server 文章数据库表
/// <summary>
/// 类的初始化,设置数据库连接
/// </summary>
public ArticleDb()
{
_conn = new SqlConnection(ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["connectionString"]);
}
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/// <summary>
/// 打开数据库连接
/// </summary>
public void Open()
{
if(_conn.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
_conn.Open();
}
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/// <summary>
/// 关闭数据库连接
/// </summary>
public void Close()
{
if(_conn.State == ConnectionState.Open)
_conn.Close();
}
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/// <summary>
/// 读取数据库中所有的 文章
/// </summary>
/// <returns>ArticleCollection</returns>
public ArticleCollection GetArticles()
{
ArticleCollection articles = new ArticleCollection();
string sql = "Select * FROM " + _articledb;
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql,_conn);
SqlDataReader dr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
while(dr.Read())
{
Article art = PopulateArticle(dr);
articles.Add(art);
}
dr.Close();
return articles;
}
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/// <summary>
/// 给定一个文章编号, 读取数据库中的一篇文章
/// </summary>
/// <returns>Article</returns>
public Article GetArticle(int articleId)
{
string sql = "Select * FROM " + _articledb + "Where ID='" + articleId + "'";
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql,_conn);
SqlDataReader dr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
Article article = PopulateArticle(dr);
dr.Close();
return article;
}
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/// <summary>
/// 更新数据库记录,注意需要设定文章的编号
/// </summary>
/// <param name="article"></param>
public void UpdateArticle(Article article)
{
string sql = "Update " + _articledb +" SET Topic=@topic,Author=@author,Content=@content,PostTime=@postTime"
+ " Where ID = @articleId";
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql,_conn);
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cmd.Parameters.Add("@articleId",SqlDbType.Int,4).Value = article.ID;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@topic",SqlDbType.NVarChar,100).Value = article.Topic;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@author",SqlDbType.NVarChar,100).Value = article.Author;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@content",SqlDbType.NText).Value = article.Content;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@postTime",SqlDbType.DateTime).Value = article.PostTime;
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cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
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}
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/// <summary>
/// 取出数据库中特定作者发表的文章
/// </summary>
/// <param name="author"></param>
/// <returns>ArticleCollection</returns>
public ArticleCollection GetArticlesByAuthor(string author)
{
string sql = "Select * FROM " + _articledb +" Where Author='" + author + "'";
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, _conn);
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
ArticleCollection articleCollection = new ArticleCollection();
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
SqlDataReader dr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
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while (dr.Read())
{
Article a = PopulateArticle(dr);
articleCollection.Add(a);
}
dr.Close();
return articleCollection;
}
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
/// <summary>
/// 删除给定编号的一篇文章
/// </summary>
/// <param name="articleID"></param>
public void DeleteArticle(int articleID)
{
string sql = "Delete FROM " + _articledb + " Where ID='" + articleID + "'";
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, _conn);
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
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/// <summary>
/// 通过 SqlDataReader 生成文章对象
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dr"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private Article PopulateArticle(SqlDataReader dr)
{
Article art = new Article();
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
art.ID = Convert.ToInt32(dr["ID"]);
art.Author = Convert.ToString(dr["Author"]);
art.Topic = Convert.ToString(dr["Topic"]);
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art.Content = Convert.ToString(dr["Content"]);
art.PostTime= Convert.ToDateTime(dr["PostTime"]);
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return art;
}
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/// <summary>
/// 增加一篇文章到数据库中,返回文章的编号
/// </summary>
/// <param name="article"></param>
/// <returns>刚刚插入的文章的编号</returns>
public int AddPost(Article article)
{
string sql = "Insert INTO " + _articledb +"(Author,Topic,Content,PostTime)"+
"VALUES(@author, @topic, @content, @postTime) "+
"Select @postID = @@IDENTITY";
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql,_conn);
cmd.Parameters.Add("@postID",SqlDbType.Int,4);
cmd.Parameters["@postID"].Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
cmd.Parameters.Add("@author",SqlDbType.NVarChar,100).Value = article.Author;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@topic",SqlDbType.NVarChar,400).Value = article.Topic;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@content",SqlDbType.Text).Value = article.Content;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@postTime",SqlDbType.DateTime).Value = article.PostTime;
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
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article.ID = (int)cmd.Parameters["@postID"].Value;
return article.ID;
}
}
}
基本的框架已经出来了。如果我们要在一个ASP.NET页面中显示文章数据库 News_Artices的数据,那么仅仅需要添加一个 DataGrid 或者 DataList,然后绑定数据源。例如
在 Default.aspx 中添加一个 DataGrid ,命名为 ArticlesDataGrid,在 后台代码 Default.aspx.cs 中添加
程序代码
并在 Page_Load 中添加如下的代码:
程序代码
private void Page_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
// Put user code to initialize the page here
ArticleDb myArticleDb = new ArticleDb();
myArticleDb.Open();
ArticleCollection articles = myArticleDb.GetArticles();
this.ArticlesDataGrid.DataSource = articles;
if(!Page.IsPostBack)
{
this.ArticlesDataGrid.DataBind();
}
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
myArticleDb.Close();
}
这样就可以实现读取文章数据库中所有文章。
如果需要删除一篇文章那么添加如下代码:
程序代码
//删除编号为 1 的文章
myArticleDb.DeleteArticle(1);
插入一篇文章,代码如下:
程序代码
//插入一篇新的文章,不需要指定文章编号,文章编号插入成功后由SQL Server返回。
Article newArticle = new Article();
newArticle.Author = "Willmove";
newArticle.Topic = "测试插入一篇新的文章";
newArticle.Content = "这是我写的文章的内容";
newArticle.PostTime = DateTime.Now;
int articleId = myArticleDb.AddPost(newArticle);
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
更新一篇文章,代码如下:
程序代码
//更新一篇文章,注意需要指定文章的编号
Article updateArticle = new Article();
updateArticle.ID = 3; //注意需要指定文章的编号
updateArticle.Author = "Willmove";
updateArticle.Topic = "测试更新数据";
updateArticle.Content = "这是我更新的文章的内容";
updateArticle.PostTime = DateTime.Now;
myArticleDb.UpdateArticle(updateArticle);
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
以上只是一个框架,具体的实现还有很多细节没有列出来。但是基于上面的框架,你可以比较方便的写出对数据库操作的代码。另外一个建议就是把上面的数据库访问的 SQL 语句写成数据库存储过程,比如 添加一篇文章:
程序代码
Create PROCEDURE AddPost
(
@ID int OUTPUT,
@Author nvarchar(100),
@Topic nvarchar(100),
@Content ntext,
@PostTime datetime
)
AS
Insert INTO News_Articles(Author, Topic, Content, PostTime) VALUES (@Author, @Topic, @Content, @PostTime);
Select @ID = @@IDENTITY
GO
附1:News_Articles 数据库的字段
程序代码
字段名 描述 数据类型 长度 是否可为空
ID 文章编号 int 4 否
Topic 文章标题 nvarchar 100 否
Author 作者 nvarchar 100 是
Content 文章内容 ntext 16 否
PostTime 发表时间 datetime 8 否
其中 PostTime 的默认值可以设置为(getutcdate())
SQL 语句是
Create TABLE [News_Articles] (
[ID] [int] IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL ,
[Topic] [nvarchar] (100) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NOT NULL ,
[Author] [nvarchar] (100) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL ,
[Content] [ntext] COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NOT NULL ,
[PostTime] [datetime] NOT NULL CONSTRAINT [DF_News_Articles_PostTime] DEFAULT (getutcdate())
) ON [PRIMARY] TEXTIMAGE_ON [PRIMARY]
GO
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
附2:News_Articles 项目源代码
说明:打开项目文件 News_Articles.csproj 之前需要先设置 虚拟路径 News_Articles,或者在 News_Articles.csproj.webinfo 中更改设置。要正常运行还必须安装有SQL Server 并且安装了文章数据库 News_Articles。项目源代码的根目录下有 SQL 文本文件。
点击这里下载 News_Articles 项目源代码
如果大家有更好的想法,欢迎来信切磋。
主页:http://www.amuhouse.com
E-mail: willmove@gmail.com
声明:系作者原创作品,转载请注明出处。
ASP.NET中一般都是使用SQL Server作为后台数据库。一般的ASP.NET数据库操作示例程序都是使用单独的数据访问,就是说每个页面都写连接到数据库,存取数据,关闭数据库的代码。这种方式带来了一些弊端,一个就是如果你的数据库改变了,你必须一个页面一个页面的去更改数据库连接代码。
第二个弊端就是代码冗余,很多代码都是重复的,不必要的。
因此,我试图通过一种一致的数据库操作类来实现ASP.NET种的数据访问。
我们就拿一般网站上都会有的新闻发布系统来做例子,它需要一个文章数据库,我们把这个数据库命名为 News_Articles。新闻发布系统涉及到 发布新闻,展示文章,管理文章等。
一篇文章一般都会有标题,作者,发表时间,内容,另外我们需要把它们编号。我们把它写成一个类,叫 Article 类,代码如下:
//Article.cs
using System;
namespace News_Articles.Data
{
/// <summary>
/// Summary description for Article.
/// </summary>
public class Article
{
private int _id; //文章编号
private string _author; //文章的作者
private string _topic; //文章的标题
private DateTime _postTime; //文章的发表时间
private string _content; //文章内容
public int ID
{
get { return _id;}
set { _id = value;}
}
public string Author
{
get { return _author; }
set { _author = value; }
}
public string Topic
{
get { return _topic; }
set { _topic = value; }
}
public string Content
{
get { return _content; }
set { _content = value; }
}
public DateTime PostTime
{
get { return _postTime; }
set { _postTime = value; }
}
}
}
然后我们写一个文章集合类 ArticleCollection
代码如下
![程序代码](http://www.amuhouse.com/blog/images/code.gif)
//ArticleCollection.cs
using System[color=#0000ff];
using System.Collections;
namespace News_Articles.Data
{
/// <summary>
/// 文章的集合类,继承于 ArrayList
/// </summary>
public class ArticleCollection : ArrayList
{
public ArticleCollection() : base()
{
}
public ArticleCollection(ICollection c) : base(c)
{
}
}
}[/color]
这个类相当于一个ASP.NET中的DataSet(其实两者很不一样),很简单,主要的目的是把将很多篇文章集合,以便在ASP.NET页面中给DataGrid或者DataList作为数据源,以显示文章。
现在我们可以实现对News_Articles数据库的操作了,我说过,这是一个数据库操作类。不妨命名为 ArticleDb。实现如下:
![程序代码](http://www.amuhouse.com/blog/images/code.gif)
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基本的框架已经出来了。如果我们要在一个ASP.NET页面中显示文章数据库 News_Artices的数据,那么仅仅需要添加一个 DataGrid 或者 DataList,然后绑定数据源。例如
在 Default.aspx 中添加一个 DataGrid ,命名为 ArticlesDataGrid,在 后台代码 Default.aspx.cs 中添加
![程序代码](http://www.amuhouse.com/blog/images/code.gif)
using News_Articles.Data;
并在 Page_Load 中添加如下的代码:
![程序代码](http://www.amuhouse.com/blog/images/code.gif)
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这样就可以实现读取文章数据库中所有文章。
如果需要删除一篇文章那么添加如下代码:
![程序代码](http://www.amuhouse.com/blog/images/code.gif)
//删除编号为 1 的文章
myArticleDb.DeleteArticle(1);
插入一篇文章,代码如下:
![程序代码](http://www.amuhouse.com/blog/images/code.gif)
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更新一篇文章,代码如下:
![程序代码](http://www.amuhouse.com/blog/images/code.gif)
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以上只是一个框架,具体的实现还有很多细节没有列出来。但是基于上面的框架,你可以比较方便的写出对数据库操作的代码。另外一个建议就是把上面的数据库访问的 SQL 语句写成数据库存储过程,比如 添加一篇文章:
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附1:News_Articles 数据库的字段
![程序代码](http://www.amuhouse.com/blog/images/code.gif)
字段名 描述 数据类型 长度 是否可为空
ID 文章编号 int 4 否
Topic 文章标题 nvarchar 100 否
Author 作者 nvarchar 100 是
Content 文章内容 ntext 16 否
PostTime 发表时间 datetime 8 否
其中 PostTime 的默认值可以设置为(getutcdate())
SQL 语句是
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附2:News_Articles 项目源代码
说明:打开项目文件 News_Articles.csproj 之前需要先设置 虚拟路径 News_Articles,或者在 News_Articles.csproj.webinfo 中更改设置。要正常运行还必须安装有SQL Server 并且安装了文章数据库 News_Articles。项目源代码的根目录下有 SQL 文本文件。
点击这里下载 News_Articles 项目源代码
如果大家有更好的想法,欢迎来信切磋。