(C语言)二叉树实现(数据结构十三)
1.数据类型定义
在代码中为了清楚的表示一些错误和函数运行状态,我们预先定义一些变量来表示这些状态。在head.h头文件中有如下定义:
//定义数据结构中要用到的一些变量和类型 #ifndef HEAD_H #define HEAD_H #include <stdio.h> #include <malloc.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 #define OK 1 #define ERROR 0 #define INFEASIBLE -1 #define OVERFLOW -2 //分配内存出错 typedef int Status; //函数返回值类型 typedef int ElemType; //用户定义的数据类型 #endif
2.数据结构实现
typedef struct BiNode{ ElemType data; struct BiNode *left,*right; }BiNode,*pBiNode;
3.二叉树代码实现
BiTree.h代码如下:
#ifndef BITREE_H #define BITREE_H #include "head.h" typedef struct BiNode{ ElemType data; struct BiNode *left,*right; }BiNode,*pBiNode; Status InsertRight(pBiNode &root,ElemType e); Status InsertLeft(pBiNode &root,ElemType e); Status InitBiTree(pBiNode &tree){ tree=(pBiNode)malloc(sizeof(BiNode)); if(!tree) return OVERFLOW; tree->data=-999999; tree->left=NULL; tree->right=NULL; return OK; } Status BiTreeEmpty(pBiNode root){ if(root==NULL) return ERROR; return root->left==root->right && root->data==-999999; } Status HasNoNode(pBiNode root){ if(root==NULL) return ERROR; return root->left==root->right ; } Status CreatTreeNode(pBiNode &node,ElemType e){ node=(pBiNode)malloc(sizeof(BiNode)); if(!node) return OVERFLOW; node->data=e; node->left=NULL; node->right=NULL; return OK; } Status InsertRight(pBiNode &root,ElemType e){ if(root->right==NULL){ if(e>root->data){ pBiNode p; CreatTreeNode(p,e); root->right=p; return OK; }else{ pBiNode p; CreatTreeNode(p,e); root->left=p; return OK; } }else{ e>root->data? InsertRight(root->right,e):InsertLeft(root,e); } } Status InsertLeft(pBiNode &root,ElemType e){ if(root->left==NULL){ if(e>root->data){ pBiNode p; CreatTreeNode(p,e); root->right=p; return OK; }else{ pBiNode p; CreatTreeNode(p,e); root->left=p; return OK; } }else{ e<=root->data?InsertLeft(root->left,e):InsertRight(root,e); } } Status InsertTree(pBiNode &root,ElemType e){ if(BiTreeEmpty(root)){ root->data=e; return true; } if(e>root->data){ InsertRight(root,e); }else{ InsertLeft(root,e); } } Status CreateBiTree(pBiNode &root,ElemType *a,int n){ for (int i=0;i<n;i++) { InsertTree(root,a[i]); } return true; } Status print(ElemType e ){ printf("%d ",e); return true; } Status PreOrderTraverse(pBiNode root,Status(*p)(int)){ if(root){ (*p)(root->data); PreOrderTraverse(root->left,p); PreOrderTraverse(root->right,p); } return OK; } Status MiddleOrderTraverse(pBiNode root,Status(*p)(int)){ if(root){ MiddleOrderTraverse(root->left,p); (*p)(root->data); MiddleOrderTraverse(root->right,p); } return OK; } Status AfterOrderTraverse(pBiNode root,Status(*p)(int)){ if(root){ AfterOrderTraverse(root->left,p); AfterOrderTraverse(root->right,p); (*p)(root->data); } return OK; } Status ClearBiTree(pBiNode &root){ if(root){ ClearBiTree(root->left); ClearBiTree(root->right); free(root); root==NULL; } return OK; } #endif
4.测试代码
#include "BiTree.h" void main(){ ElemType a[14]={100,50,200,40,30,45,60,55,61,200,150,300,250,400}; pBiNode root; InitBiTree(root); CreateBiTree(root,a,14); printf("前序:"); PreOrderTraverse(root,print); printf("\n中序:"); MiddleOrderTraverse(root,print); printf("\n后序:"); AfterOrderTraverse(root,print); ClearBiTree(root); }
5.插入数据如下:
前序:100 50 40 30 45 60 55 61 200 150 300 250 400 中序:30 40 45 50 55 60 61 100 150 200 250 300 400 后序:30 45 40 55 61 60 50 150 250 400 300 200 100