Lucene系列-搜索
Lucene搜索的时候就要构造查询语句,本篇就介绍下各种Query。IndexSearcher是搜索主类,提供的常用查询接口有:
TopDocs search(Query query, int n);//find the top n hits for query TopDocs search(Query query, Filter filter, int n);// find the top n hits for query, applying filter if no-null
Query
TermQuery:在某个Field上查找一个词条
Term t = new Term("bookname", "Lucene");//词条所在Field,词条内容 Query q = new TermQuery(t);
BooleanQuery:由多个子句组成,子句间由“与、或、非”这样的布尔逻辑连接。BooleanClause.Occur是个枚举,包括MUST/MUST_NOT/SHOULD。常用的组合有:
MUST和MUST:求交集,MUST和MUST_NOT:求差集,SHOULD和SHOULD:求并集。
void add(Query query, BooleanClause.Occur occur)
NumericRangeQuery/TermRangeQuery:范围查询,范围可以是日期、时间、数字,如果不设上限或下限,对应的边界设为null,inclusive设为false。
TermRangeQuery(String field, String lowerTerm, String upperTerm, boolean includeLower, boolean includeUpper); //NumericRangeQuery static NumericRangeQuery<Double> newDoubleRange(String field, Double min, Double max, boolean minInclusive, boolean maxInclusive); static NumericRangeQuery<Float> newFloatRange(String field, Float min, Float max, boolean minInclusive, boolean maxInclusive); static NumericRangeQuery<Integer> newIntRange(String field, Integer min, Integer max, boolean minInclusive, boolean maxInclusive); static NumericRangeQuery<integer> newIntRange(String field, int precisionStep, Integer min, Integer max, boolean minInclusive, boolean maxInclusive);
PhraseQuery:短语搜索,一个以上的关键字组成的短语,如中国,钢铁。可以设置slop,允许短语中的字之间有其他字的个数,默认为0
void add(Term term);//add a term to the end of the query phrase void setSlop(int s);//set the number of other words between words in the query phrase //sample,bookname包含"中国"的会被搜到,其他组合都不会被搜到 PhraseQuery query = new PhraseQuery(); query.add(new Term("bookname", "中")); query.add(new Term("bookname", "国"));
MultiPhraseQuery:一些短语有相同的前缀,或后缀,或中间词,如中国好声音和美国好声音
void add(Term term);//Add a single term at the next position in the phrase. void add(Term[] terms);//Add multiple terms at the next position in the phrase. //sample MultiPhraseQuery query = new MultiPhraseQuery(); query.add(new Term[]{new Term("bookname", "中"), new Term("bookname", "美")}); query.add(new Term("song", "国")); query.add(new Term("song", "好")); query.add(new Term("song", "声")); query.add(new Term("song", "音"));
PrefixQuery:前缀匹配
PrefixQuery query = new PrefixQuery(new Term("bookname","钢"));//查找以钢开头的bookname
FuzzyQuery:模糊匹配,比较两个字符串时,执行一个串转变为另一个串的操作(增、删、改变字母),每执行一次转变就扣除一定分数,最终得到两者的距离(模糊度)
FuzzyQuery(Term term); FuzzyQuery(Term term, int maxEdits);//maxEdits-an edit distance fo at most maxEdits to term FuzzyQuery(Term term, int maxEdits, int prefixLength);//prefixLength-length of common (no-fuzzy) prefix
WildcardQuery:使用'?'和'*'通配符
WildcardQuery query = new WildcardQuery(new Term("bookname", "?o*"));
Filter
filter相当于是一个搜索必须条件,用于对搜索结果进行限制,如返回的文档安全级别限制。所有过滤器都继承org.apache.lucene.search.Filter,因为Filter条件大多与query无关,不需要每次都执行一次索引遍历,所以lucene引入了缓存技术,避免一遍遍重复的搜索索引过滤文档。
常用的有NumericRangeFilter、PrefixFilter、TermRangeFilter,封装Filter以实现缓存的CachingWrapperFilter,针对某个Field进行缓存的FieldCacheRangeFilter、FieldCacheTermsFilter。
QueryParser
org.apache.lucene.queryParser用于解析子句生成Query。支持的语法规则如下
Query ::= ( Clause )* Clause ::= ["+", "-"] [<TERM> ":"] ( <TERM> | "(" Query ")" )
+ 必须,- 排除,: 表示针对某个Field搜索,通配符?*。举例
+bookname:java -bookname:structs,搜bookname中包含java不包含structs的doc publishdate:[1990 TO 1998],初版日期在1990和1998之间 bookname:work~0.5,模糊查询 bookname:"apache lucene"~5,松散短语查询,bookname必须包含apache和lucene,但两者距离要在5个词内 "God helps",加引号表示不分词,作为完整的一个短语查询 bookname:(java search),空格隔开的多个词需要加括号,否则后面一个词"search"不会被认为是在bookname上的搜索,会认为是default field上的搜索
常用方法有:
Query parse(String query); QueryParser(Version matchVersion, String f, Analyzer a)//分词器应该与建索引的分词器保持一致
注:
构造好Query后,想看下实际的查询内容,可以用query.toString()