Url地址重写

一 什么是url重写
URL 重写是截取传入 Web 请求并自动将请求重定向到其他 URL 的过程。比如浏览器发来请求 hostname/101.aspx ，服务器自动将这个请求中定向为http://hostname/list.aspx ?id=101。 会人为改为 hostname/101.shtml
url重写的优点在于：
l    缩短url，隐藏实际路径提高安全性
l    易于用户记忆和键入。 
l    易于被搜索引擎收录

二 实现url重写的基本方法
1. 创建类项目UrlRewriter,项目中增加三个类URLRewriter.Config.cs,URLRewriter.Form.cs,URLRewriter.Module.cs

using System;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;

namespace URLRewriter.Config
{
    // Define a custom section containing a simple element and a collection of the same element.
    // It uses two custom types: UrlsCollection and UrlsConfigElement.
    public class UrlsConfig
    {
        public static UrlsSection GetConfig()
        {
            return (UrlsSection)System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.GetSection("CustomConfiguration");
        }
    
    }


    public class UrlsSection : ConfigurationSection
    {
        [ConfigurationProperty("urls",IsDefaultCollection = false)]
        public UrlsCollection Urls
        {
            get
            {
                return (UrlsCollection)this["urls"];
            }
        }
    }

    // Define the UrlsCollection that contains UrlsConfigElement elements.
    public class UrlsCollection : ConfigurationElementCollection
    {
        protected override ConfigurationElement CreateNewElement()
        {
            return new UrlConfigElement();
        }
        protected override Object GetElementKey(ConfigurationElement element)
        {
            return ((UrlConfigElement)element).VirtualUrl;
        }

        public UrlConfigElement this[int index]
        {
            get
            {
                return (UrlConfigElement)BaseGet(index);
            }
        }

    }

    // Define the UrlConfigElement.
    public class UrlConfigElement : ConfigurationElement
    {


        [ConfigurationProperty("virtualUrl", IsRequired = true)]
        public string VirtualUrl
        {
            get
            {
                return (string)this["virtualUrl"];
            }
            set
            {
                this["virtualUrl"] = value;
            }
        }

        [ConfigurationProperty("destinationUrl", IsRequired = true)]
        public string DestinationUrl
        {
            get
            {
                return (string)this["destinationUrl"];
            }
            set
            {
                this["destinationUrl"] = value;
            }
        }
    }
}


using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;

/// <summary>
/// FormRewriter 的摘要说明
/// </summary>
namespace URLRewriter.Form
{
    public class FormRewriterControlAdapter : System.Web.UI.Adapters.ControlAdapter
    {
        public FormRewriterControlAdapter()
        {
        }

        protected override void Render(HtmlTextWriter writer)
        {
            base.Render(new RewriteFormHtmlTextWriter(writer));
        }
    }

    public class RewriteFormHtmlTextWriter : HtmlTextWriter
    {
        public RewriteFormHtmlTextWriter(HtmlTextWriter writer)
            : base(writer)
        {
            base.InnerWriter = writer.InnerWriter;
        }
        public RewriteFormHtmlTextWriter(System.IO.TextWriter writer)
            : base(writer)
        {
            base.InnerWriter = writer;
        }

        public override void WriteAttribute(string name, string value, bool fEncode)
        {
            //If the attribute we are writing is the "action" attribute, and we are not on a sub-control, 
            //then replace the value to write with the raw URL of the request - which ensures that we'll
            //preserve the PathInfo value on postback scenarios
            if (name == "action")
            {
                HttpContext context = HttpContext.Current;
                if (context.Items["ActionAlreadyWritten"] == null)
                {
                    //We will use the Request.RawUrl property within ASP.NET to retrieve the origional 
                    //URL before it was re-written.
                    value = context.Request.RawUrl;
                    //Indicate that we've already rewritten the <form>'s action attribute to prevent
                    //us from rewriting a sub-control under the <form> control
                    context.Items["ActionAlreadyWritten"] = true;
                }
            }
            base.WriteAttribute(name, value, fEncode);
        }
    }

}


using System;
using System.Web;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Configuration;
using URLRewriter.Config;

namespace URLRewriter
{
    public class RewriterModule : IHttpModule
    {
        public void Init(HttpApplication app)
        {
            // WARNING!  This does not work with Windows authentication!
            // If you are using Windows authentication, change to app.BeginRequest
            app.AuthorizeRequest += new EventHandler(this.URLRewriter);
        }

        protected void URLRewriter(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            HttpApplication app = (HttpApplication) sender;
            string requestedPath = app.Request.Path;
        
            // get the configuration rules
            UrlsCollection rules = UrlsConfig.GetConfig().Urls;

            for (int i = 0; i < rules.Count; i++)
            {
                // get the pattern to look for, and Resolve the Url (convert ~ into the appropriate directory)
                string lookFor = "^" + RewriterUtils.ResolveUrl(app.Context.Request.ApplicationPath, rules[i].VirtualUrl) + "$";

                Regex re = new Regex(lookFor, RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
                if (re.IsMatch(requestedPath))
                {
                    string sendToUrl = RewriterUtils.ResolveUrl(app.Context.Request.ApplicationPath, re.Replace(requestedPath, rules[i].DestinationUrl));
                    RewriterUtils.RewriteUrl(app.Context, sendToUrl);
                    break;
                }
            }
        
        }

        public void Dispose() { }
    }



    /// <summary>
    /// Provides utility helper methods for the rewriting HttpModule and HttpHandler.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>This class is marked as internal, meaning only classes in the same assembly will be
    /// able to access its methods.</remarks>
    internal class RewriterUtils
    {
        #region RewriteUrl
        /// <summary>
        /// Rewrite's a URL using <b>HttpContext.RewriteUrl()</b>.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="context">The HttpContext object to rewrite the URL to.</param>
        /// <param name="sendToUrl">The URL to rewrite to.</param>
        internal static void RewriteUrl(HttpContext context, string sendToUrl)
        {
            string x, y;
            RewriteUrl(context, sendToUrl, out x, out y);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Rewrite's a URL using <b>HttpContext.RewriteUrl()</b>.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="context">The HttpContext object to rewrite the URL to.</param>
        /// <param name="sendToUrl">The URL to rewrite to.</param>
        /// <param name="sendToUrlLessQString">Returns the value of sendToUrl stripped of the querystring.</param>
        /// <param name="filePath">Returns the physical file path to the requested page.</param>
        internal static void RewriteUrl(HttpContext context, string sendToUrl, out string sendToUrlLessQString, out string filePath)
        {
            // see if we need to add any extra querystring information
            if (context.Request.QueryString.Count > 0)
            {
                if (sendToUrl.IndexOf('?') != -1)
                    sendToUrl += "&" + context.Request.QueryString.ToString();
                else
                    sendToUrl += "?" + context.Request.QueryString.ToString();
            }

            // first strip the querystring, if any
            string queryString = String.Empty;
            sendToUrlLessQString = sendToUrl;
            if (sendToUrl.IndexOf('?') > 0)
            {
                sendToUrlLessQString = sendToUrl.Substring(0, sendToUrl.IndexOf('?'));
                queryString = sendToUrl.Substring(sendToUrl.IndexOf('?') + 1);
            }

            // grab the file's physical path
            filePath = string.Empty;
            filePath = context.Server.MapPath(sendToUrlLessQString);

            // rewrite the path
            context.RewritePath(sendToUrlLessQString, String.Empty, queryString);
        }
        #endregion

        /// <summary>
        /// Converts a URL into one that is usable on the requesting client.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>Converts ~ to the requesting application path.  Mimics the behavior of the 
        /// <b>Control.ResolveUrl()</b> method, which is often used by control developers.</remarks>
        /// <param name="appPath">The application path.</param>
        /// <param name="url">The URL, which might contain ~.</param>
        /// <returns>A resolved URL.  If the input parameter <b>url</b> contains ~, it is replaced with the
        /// value of the <b>appPath</b> parameter.</returns>
        internal static string ResolveUrl(string appPath, string url)
        {
            if (url.Length == 0 || url[0] != '~')
                return url;        // there is no ~ in the first character position, just return the url
            else
            {
                if (url.Length == 1)
                    return appPath;  // there is just the ~ in the URL, return the appPath
                if (url[1] == '/' || url[1] == '//')
                {
                    // url looks like ~/ or ~/
                    if (appPath.Length > 1)
                        return appPath + "/" + url.Substring(2);
                    else
                        return "/" + url.Substring(2);
                }
                else
                {
                    // url looks like ~something
                    if (appPath.Length > 1)
                        return appPath + "/" + url.Substring(1);
                    else
                        return appPath + url.Substring(1);
                }
            }
        }
    }

}

2.在web.config里设置如下：

Code
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<configuration>
    <configSections>
    <section name="CustomConfiguration" type="URLRewriter.Config.UrlsSection, URLRewriter" />
  </configSections>

  <CustomConfiguration>
    <urls>
      <add virtualUrl="~/microsoft*.*" destinationUrl="~/default.aspx?id=abc" />
      <add virtualUrl="~/microsoft*" destinationUrl="~/default.aspx" />
      <add virtualUrl="~/m/i/c/rosoft.aspx" destinationUrl="~/default.aspx" />

      <add virtualUrl="~/cc*.*" destinationUrl="~/default2.aspx?id=11" />
    </urls>
  </CustomConfiguration>

    <system.web>
        <httpModules>
            <add type="URLRewriter.RewriterModule, URLRewriter" name="RewriterModule"/>
        </httpModules>
        <authentication mode="Forms"/>
    </system.web>
</configuration>


3.处理回发
在重写后的url里如果产生回发，例如有一个按钮，又调用了该被重写的aspx，用户浏览器中将会显示该aspx文件实际的地址，也就是http://hostname/default.aspx?id=11。但从用户的角度考虑，如 果单击按钮时突然看到 URL 更改会使他们感到不安。因此必须解决这个问题。
自己定义一个Actionlessform类，在aspx中不再使用系统提供的form 标记

Code
using System;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.ComponentModel;

namespace ActionlessForm
{
    /// <summary>
    /// The Form class extends the HtmlForm HTML control by overriding its RenderAttributes()
    /// method and NOT emitting an action attribute.
    /// </summary>
    public class Form : System.Web.UI.HtmlControls.HtmlForm
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// The RenderAttributes method adds the attributes to the rendered <form> tag.
        /// We override this method so that the action attribute is not emitted.
        /// </summary>
        protected override void RenderAttributes(HtmlTextWriter writer)
        {
            // write the form's name
            writer.WriteAttribute("name", this.Name);
            base.Attributes.Remove("name");

            // write the form's method
            writer.WriteAttribute("method", this.Method);
            base.Attributes.Remove("method");

            // remove the action attribute
            base.Attributes.Remove("action");

            // finally write all other attributes
            this.Attributes.Render(writer);

            if (base.ID != null)
                writer.WriteAttribute("id", base.ClientID);
        }

    }
}


创建此类并对其进行编译之后，要在 ASP.NET Web 应用程序中使用它，应首先将其添加到 Web 应用程序的 References 文件夹中。然后，要 使用它来代替 HtmlForm 类，做法是在 ASP.NET 网页的顶部添加以下内容：

<%@ Register TagPrefix="af" Namespace="ActionlessForm" Assembly="ActionlessForm" %>