K8s集群离线环境部署

1.环境说明

虚拟机工具：VirtualBox 7.0

虚拟机操作系统：Centos 7（CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2003.iso）

虚拟机配置：2核CPU、2G内存、40G硬盘

虚拟机网络模式：仅主机（Host-Only）网络，此网络模式下物理机能ping通虚拟机，虚拟机之间能相互ping通，虚拟机无法联网

K8s版本：v1.20

Docker版本：19.03.9

SSH工具：FinalShell

单Master节点虚拟机角色及IP规划：

　　Master1：192.168.56.201

　　Node1：192.168.56.202

　　Node2：192.168.56.203

软件部署规划：

　　Master1：kube-apiserver，kube-controller-manager，kube-scheduler，kubelet，kube-proxy，etcd，registry，ntp

　　Node1：kubelet，kube-proxy，docker，etcd，ntp

　　Node2：kubelet，kube-proxy，docker，etcd，ntp

部署所用到的文件百度网盘下载：

　　链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/14teRvxhy2RcsduGWGMgUzw?pwd=navy
　　提取码：navy

2.准备工作

2.1 设置Master1、Node1、Node2虚拟机为静态ip（Master&Node）

 

2.2 将网盘下载的文件放到3台虚拟机的/opt/release目录下（Master&Node）

 

 

 

 

 2.3 升级linux内核为5.4.228并重启（Master&Node）

cd /opt/release/rpm/kernel
rpm -ivh *.rpm --force --nodeps
grub2-set-default 'CentOS Linux (5.4.228-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)'
reboot

2.4 重启后验证是否升级成功（Master&Node）

 

 

 

 2.5 系统初始化设置，注意主机名需要改（Master&Node）

# 1、关闭防火墙 
systemctl stop firewalld 
systemctl disable firewalld 
 
# 2、关闭selinux 
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config  
setenforce 0
 
# 3、关闭swap 
swapoff -a
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
 
# 4、根据规划设置主机名 
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master1
 
# 5、在master添加hosts 
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF 
192.168.56.201 k8s-master1
192.168.56.202 k8s-node1
192.168.56.203 k8s-node2
EOF

# 6、将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF 
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 
EOF 
sysctl --system

# 7、安装常用工具 ipvsadm ipset（ipvs管理工具）conntrack（连接跟踪，service和ipvs会用到）nfs-utils（NFS客户端）
yum install vim nfs-utils wget conntrack ipvsadm ipset -y

3.部署NTP

3.1 说明

NTP服务用于k8s集群时间同步，如果内网环境有时间服务器，则Master和Node部署为客户端即可；没有时间服务器，则Master充当时间服务器部署为服务端，Node节点部署为客户端同步Master节点的时间。

3.2 部署NTP服务端（Master）

3.2.1 安装ntp

cd /opt/release/rpm/ntp/
rpm -ivh *.rpm --force --nodeps

3.2.2 修改ntp.conf

cat > /etc/ntp.conf << EOF
driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift
restrict default nomodify notrap nopeer noquery
restrict 127.0.0.1
restrict ::1
restrict 192.168.56.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap
server ntp.aliyun.com iburst
server ntp1.aliyun.com iburst
server 127.127.1.0
fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 10
includefile /etc/ntp/crypto/pw
keys /etc/ntp/keys
disable monitor
EOF

3.2.3 启动服务并设置开机启动

systemctl start ntpd
systemctl enable ntpd

3.3 部署NTP客户端（Node）

3.3.1 安装ntp

cd /opt/release/rpm/ntp/
rpm -ivh *.rpm --force --nodeps

3.3.2 修改ntp.conf

cat > /etc/ntp.conf << EOF
driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift
restrict default nomodify notrap nopeer noquery
restrict 127.0.0.1
restrict ::1
server 192.168.56.201 iburst
includefile /etc/ntp/crypto/pw
keys /etc/ntp/keys
disable monitor
EOF

3.3.3 启动服务并设置开机启动

systemctl start ntpd
systemctl enable ntpd

3.4 查看同步情况

ntpq -p

 

 字段说明：

　　第一列中的字符指示源的质量。星号 ( * ) 表示该源是当前引用。

　　remote 列出源的 IP 地址或主机名。

　　when   指出从轮询源开始已过去的时间（秒）。

　　poll   指出轮询间隔时间。该值会根据本地时钟的精度相应增加。

　　reach   是一个八进制数字，指出源的可存取性。值 377 表示源已应答了前八个连续轮询。

　　offset  是源时钟与本地时钟的时间差（毫秒）。

4 安装cfssl证书管理工具（Master）

cd /opt/release/cfssl
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

5 部署etcd

5.1 生成自签证书颁发机构（CA）（Master）

mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s} && cd ~/TLS/etcd
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "www": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "etcd CA",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

5.2 生成证书请求文件（Master）

cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "etcd",
    "hosts": [
    "192.168.56.201",
    "192.168.56.202",
    "192.168.56.203"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

5.3 生成证书（Master）

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

5.4 安装etcd（Master）

mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
mv /opt/release/bin/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz /opt/etcd/bin/
cd /opt/etcd/bin
tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/

5.5 创建etcd配置文件（Master）

cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.56.201:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.56.201:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.56.201:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.56.201:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.56.201:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.56.202:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.56.203:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF

配置文件说明：

ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一

ETCD_DATA_DIR：数据目录

ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址

ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址

ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEERURLS：集群通告地址

ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址

ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址

ETCD_INITIALCLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token

ETCD_INITIALCLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群

5.6 systemd管理etcd（Master）

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

5.7 拷贝证书到指定位置（Master）

cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/

5.8 启动并设置开机启动（Master）

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd

 

 出现这个没关系，等另外两个etcd起来就好了

5.9 将文件拷贝到192.168.56.202和192.168.56.203,一行一行执行要输入密码（Master）

scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.56.202:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.56.202:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.56.203:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.56.203:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

5.10 修改Node节点上的etcd.conf（Node）

cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF

#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-2"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.56.202:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.56.202:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.56.202:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.56.202:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.56.201:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.56.202:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.56.203:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF

cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-3"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.56.203:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.56.203:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.56.203:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.56.203:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.56.201:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.56.202:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.56.203:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF

5.11 启动并设置开机启动（Node）

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd

5.12 查看etcd集群状态（Master）

ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.56.201:2379,https://192.168.56.202:2379,https://192.168.56.203:2379" endpoint health --write-out=table

6 部署Docker（Master&Node）

6.1 安装Docker

mkdir /opt/docker/bin -p
mv /opt/release/bin/docker-19.03.9.tgz /opt/docker/bin/
cd /opt/docker/bin
tar zxvf docker-19.03.9.tgz
mv docker/* /usr/bin

6.2 systemd管理docker

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

6.3 生成镜像源配置文件

mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "insecure-registries": ["192.168.56.201:5000"]
}
EOF

insecure-registries：私有仓库地址，即registry的地址，后面会部署

6.4 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker

7 部署Registry（Master）

7.1 说明

如果内网中已经有私有仓库，则可以跳过此步骤，docker配置文件中的insecure-registries改为现有的私有仓库地址；如果没有，也可以单独弄一台虚拟机部署镜像仓库比如harbor，我本机电脑配置有限，就在Master节点上部署。

7.2 加载离线registry镜像到本地

docker load -i /opt/release/image/registry/registry.docker

 

 7.3 创建挂载目录

mkdir /opt/registry

7.4 运行registry镜像

docker run -dit --restart=always --name=docker-registry -p 5000:5000 -v /opt/registry:/var/lib/registry hub.c.163.com/library/registry:latest

 

 7.5 测试

curl http://192.168.56.201:5000/v2/_catalog

 

7.6 将离线镜像上传到私有仓库

7.6.1 创建shell脚本

cd /opt/release/image
touch loadandpushimages.sh
chmod +x loadandpushimages.sh

7.6.2 编辑shell脚本

#! /bin/bash

# 装载离线镜像到本地
for directory in "amd64" "busybox" "calico" "coredns" "kubernetes-dashboard"
do
    for file in /opt/release/image/$directory/*
    do
        docker load -i $file
    done
done

# 遍历本地镜像并推送registry
image_id=$(docker images -q | sort -u)
for i in ${image_id}; do
    image_tag=`docker inspect $i --format='{{.RepoTags}}' | sed 's/\[//g' | sed 's/\]//g'`
    docker tag $image_tag 192.168.56.201:5000/$image_tag
    docker push 192.168.56.201:5000/$image_tag
done

7.6.3 执行shell脚本

./loadandpushimages.sh 

7.6.4 验证镜像是否推送成功

curl http://192.168.56.201:5000/v2/_catalog

8 部署kube-apiserver（Master）

8.1 创建自签CA

cd ~/TLS/k8s

cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

8.2 使用自签CA签发kube-apiserver HTTPS证书

cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "10.0.0.1",
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.56.201",
      "192.168.56.202",
      "192.168.56.203",
      "192.168.56.204",
      "192.168.56.205",
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

192.168.56.201为master1节点，202和203为node节点，192.168.56.204和192.168.56.205是预留的ip，可以是master2节点和vip（虚拟ip）

8.3 解压kubernetes二进制包

mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
cd /opt/release/bin
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd /opt/release/bin/kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/

8.4 创建kube-apiserver配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.56.201:2379,https://192.168.56.202:2379,https://192.168.56.203:2379 \\
--bind-address=192.168.56.201 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=192.168.56.201 \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--service-account-issuer=api \\
--service-account-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--requestheader-client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--proxy-client-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--proxy-client-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--requestheader-allowed-names=kubernetes \\
--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- \\
--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \\
--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \\
--enable-aggregator-routing=true \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF

参数说明：

--logtostderr：启用日志

--v：日志等级

--log-dir：日志目录

--etcd-servers：etcd集群地址

--bind-address：监听地址

--secure-port：https安全端口

--advertise-address：集群通告地址

--allow-privileged：启用授权

--service-cluster-ip-range：Service虚拟IP地址段

--enable-admission-plugins：准入控制模块

--authorization-mode：认证授权，启用RBAC授权和节点自管理

--enable-bootstrap-token-auth：启用TLS bootstrap机制

--token-auth-file：bootstrap token文件

--service-node-port-range：Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围

--kubelet-client-xxx：apiserver访问kubelet客户端证书

--tls-xxx-file：apiserver https证书

1.20版本必须加的参数：--service-account-issuer，--service-account-signing-key-file

--etcd-xxxfile：连接Etcd集群证书

--audit-log-xxx：审计日志

启动聚合层相关配置：--requestheader-client-ca-file，--proxy-client-cert-file，--proxy-client-key-file，--requestheader-allowed-names，--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix，--requestheader-group-headers，--requestheader-username-headers，--enable-aggregator-routing

8.5 拷贝证书

cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/

8.6 创建token文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
EOF

8.7 systemd管理kube-apiserver

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

8.8 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver 
systemctl enable kube-apiserver

9 部署kube-controller-manager（Master）

9.1 创建kube-controller-manager配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF

配置说明：

--kubeconfig：连接apiserver配置文件

--leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）

--cluster-signing-cert-file/--cluster-signing-key-file：自动为kubelet颁发证书的CA，与apiserver保持一致

9.2 生成证书

cd ~/TLS/k8s

cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing", 
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager

9.3 生成kubeconfig文件（以下是shell命令，直接在终端执行）

KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.56.201:6443"

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-controller-manager \
  --client-certificate=./kube-controller-manager.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-controller-manager \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

9.4 systemd管理kube-controller-manager

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

9.5 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager

10 部署kube-scheduler

10.1 创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF

参数说明：

--kubeconfig：连接apiserver配置文件

--leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）

10.2 生成证书

cd ~/TLS/k8s

cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler

10.3 生成kubeconfig文件（以下是shell命令，直接在终端执行）

KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.56.201:6443"

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-scheduler \
  --client-certificate=./kube-scheduler.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-scheduler-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-scheduler \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

10.4 systemd管理scheduler

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

10.5 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler

10.6 生成kubectl连接集群的证书

cd ~/TLS/k8s

cat > ~/TLS/k8s/admin-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "admin",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin

10.7 生成kubeconfig文件

mkdir /root/.kube

KUBE_CONFIG="/root/.kube/config"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.56.201:6443"

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials cluster-admin \
  --client-certificate=./admin.pem \
  --client-key=./admin-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=cluster-admin \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

10.8 通过kubectl工具查看当前集群组件状态

kubectl get cs

 

 

11 部署kubelet（Master）

11.1 创建kubelet配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--hostname-override=k8s-master1 \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=192.168.56.201:5000/lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF

参数说明：

--hostname-override：显示名称，集群中唯一

--network-plugin：启用CNI

--kubeconfig：空路径，会自动生成，后面用于连接apiserver

--bootstrap-kubeconfig：首次启动向apiserver申请证书

--config：配置参数文件

--cert-dir：kubelet证书生成目录

--pod-infra-container-image：管理Pod网络容器的镜像

11.2 拉取镜像

docker pull 192.168.56.201:5000/lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0

11.3 创建kubelet参数文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local 
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: false
  webhook:
    cacheTTL: 2m0s
    enabled: true
  x509:
    clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem 
authorization:
  mode: Webhook
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
  imagefs.available: 15%
  memory.available: 100Mi
  nodefs.available: 10%
  nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF

11.4 授权kubelet-bootstrap用户允许请求证书

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap

11.5 生成kubelet初次加入集群引导kubeconfig文件

KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.56.201:6443"
TOKEN="c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940"

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
  --token=${TOKEN} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

11.6 systemd管理kubelet

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

11.7 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet

11.8 批准kubelet证书申请并加入集群

11.8.1 查看申请

kubectl get csr

 

 11.8.2 批准申请

kubectl certificate approve node-csr-g9jyBhvprZch2yeikec30zUqBiYKkQIf10HrFgXLWiM

 

 11.8.3 查看节点状态

kubectl get node

 

 由于网络插件还没有部署，节点会没有准备就绪

12 部署kube-proxy（Master）

12.1 创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--proxy-mode=ipvs \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF

12.2 配置参数文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
mode: "ipvs"
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-master1
clusterCIDR: 10.244.0.0/16
EOF

12.3 生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件

12.3.1 生成kube-proxy证书

cd ~/TLS/k8s

cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

12.3.2 生成kubeconfig文件

KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.56.201:6443"

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
  --client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-proxy \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

12.4 systemd管理kube-proxy

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

12.5 创建加载ipvs模块脚本

vim /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules

将下面的代码写入

ipvs_mods_dir="/usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs"
for mod in $(ls $ipvs_mods_dir |grep -o "^[^.]*");do
    /sbin/modinfo -F filename $mod &>/dev/null
    if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
        /sbin/modprobe $mod
    fi
done

赋予可执行权限并执行

chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
cd /etc/sysconfig/modules/
./ipvs.modules

查看加载的ipvs模块

lsmod | grep ip_vs

12.6 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy

13 部署calico（Master）

13.1 修改calico.yaml文件中的镜像地址

 

 

 

 

 

 

 13.2 部署calico

kubectl apply -f /opt/release/yaml/calico.yaml

 

 13.3 查看pod验证calico是否部署成功

kubectl get pods -n kube-system

 

 直到两个pod的状态都为running说明部署成功

 13.4 查看节点

 13.5 授权apiserver访问kubelet

应用场景：例如kubectl logs

cd /opt/kubernetes/cfg

cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/proxy
      - nodes/stats
      - nodes/log
      - nodes/spec
      - nodes/metrics
      - pods/log
    verbs:
      - "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: system:kube-apiserver
  namespace: ""
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
  - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    kind: User
    name: kubernetes
EOF

kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml

14 部署Node节点的kubelet和kube-proxy

14.1 拷贝相关文件到Node节点（Master）

scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@192.168.56.202:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@192.168.56.202:/usr/lib/systemd/system

scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@192.168.56.203:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@192.168.56.203:/usr/lib/systemd/system

14.2 删除kubelet证书和kubeconfig文件（Node）

注：这几个文件是证书申请审批后自动生成的，每个Node不同，必须删除

rm -f /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig 
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*

14.3 修改配置文件中的主机名（Node）

14.3.1 修改/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf

KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--hostname-override=k8s-node1 \
--network-plugin=cni \
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \
--pod-infra-container-image=192.168.56.201:5000/lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0"

KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--hostname-override=k8s-node2 \
--network-plugin=cni \
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \
--pod-infra-container-image=192.168.56.201:5000/lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0"

14.3.2 修改/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml

kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
mode: "ipvs"
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-node1
clusterCIDR: 10.244.0.0/16

kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
mode: "ipvs"
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-node2
clusterCIDR: 10.244.0.0/16

14.4 创建加载ipvs模块脚本（Node）

vim /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules

将下面的代码写入：

ipvs_mods_dir="/usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs"
for mod in $(ls $ipvs_mods_dir |grep -o "^[^.]*");do
    /sbin/modinfo -F filename $mod &>/dev/null
    if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
        /sbin/modprobe $mod
    fi
done

赋予可执行权限并执行

chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
cd /etc/sysconfig/modules/
./ipvs.modules

查看加载的ipvs模块

lsmod | grep ip_vs

启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet kube-proxy
systemctl enable kubelet kube-proxy

14.5 在Master上批准新Node kubelet证书申请

14.5.1 查看申请

14.5.2 批准申请

kubectl certificate approve node-csr-HRpInSO4Gj_6tm-M9K39jhm3xy-H795AJ2xBa1a_kvo

kubectl certificate approve node-csr-aXpH7szQOnDY81e3SsqTKh83OnEPfEvdCysB9X0LLns

 

14.6 查看集群状态

kubectl get node

kubectl get pod -n kube-system

15 部署Dashboard

15.1 修改/opt/release/yaml/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml文件中的镜像地址

 

 

15.2 部署

kubectl apply -f /opt/release/yaml/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

15.3 查看部署

kubectl get pods,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard -o wide

 

15.4 创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色

kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')

 

15.5 用上面的token登录Dashboard

地址：https://192.168.56.201:30001/#/login

 

 

16 部署CoreDNS

16.1 修改/opt/release/yaml/coredns.yaml文件的镜像地址

image: 192.168.56.201:5000/coredns/coredns:1.2.2

16.2 部署

kubectl apply -f /opt/release/yaml/coredns.yaml

16.3 查看部署

kubectl get pod -n kube-system

 

16.4 DNS解析测试

kubectl run -it --rm dns-test --image=192.168.56.201:5000/busybox:1.28.4 sh

 

17 扩展多Master集群

待补充

18 参考

https://www.cnblogs.com/hujinzhong/p/14648961.html