设计模式 - Memento 模式(备忘录模式)
作用:在不破坏封装性的前提下,捕获一个对象的内部状态,并在该对象之外保存这个状态。这样以后就可将该对象恢复到原先保存的状态。
UML结构图:
解析:
Memento模式中封装的是需要保存的状态,当需要恢复的时候才取出来进行恢复。原理很简单,实现的时候需要注意一个地方:窄接口和宽接口。所谓的宽接口就是一般意义上的接口,把对外的接口作为public成员;而窄接口反之,把接口作为private成员,而把需要访问这些接口函数的类作为这个类的友元类,也就是说接口只暴露给了对这些接口感兴趣的类,而不是暴露在外部。下面的实现就是窄实现的方法来实现的。
代码实现:
Memento.h
1 #ifndef MEMENTO_H
2 #define MEMENTO_H
3
4 #include <string>
5
6 typedef std::string State;
7
8 class Memento;
9
10 class Originator
11 {
12 public:
13 Originator(const State& rState);
14 Originator();
15 ~Originator();
16
17 Memento* CreateMemento();
18 void SetMemento(Memento* pMemento);
19 State GetState();
20 void SetState(const State& rState);
21 void RestoreState(Memento* pMemento);
22 void PrintState();
23
24 private:
25 State m_State;
26 };
27
28 // 把Memento的接口函数都设置为私有的,而Originator是它的友元,
29 // 这样保证了只有Originator可以对其访问
30 class Memento
31 {
32 private:
33 friend class Originator;
34 Memento(const State& rState);
35 void SetState(const State& rState);
36 State GetState();
37
38 State m_State;
39 };
40
41 #endif
42
2 #define MEMENTO_H
3
4 #include <string>
5
6 typedef std::string State;
7
8 class Memento;
9
10 class Originator
11 {
12 public:
13 Originator(const State& rState);
14 Originator();
15 ~Originator();
16
17 Memento* CreateMemento();
18 void SetMemento(Memento* pMemento);
19 State GetState();
20 void SetState(const State& rState);
21 void RestoreState(Memento* pMemento);
22 void PrintState();
23
24 private:
25 State m_State;
26 };
27
28 // 把Memento的接口函数都设置为私有的,而Originator是它的友元,
29 // 这样保证了只有Originator可以对其访问
30 class Memento
31 {
32 private:
33 friend class Originator;
34 Memento(const State& rState);
35 void SetState(const State& rState);
36 State GetState();
37
38 State m_State;
39 };
40
41 #endif
42
Memento.cpp
1
2 #include "Memento.h"
3 #include <iostream>
4
5 Originator::Originator()
6 {
7
8 }
9
10 Originator::Originator(const State& rState)
11 : m_State(rState)
12 {
13
14 }
15
16 Originator::~Originator()
17 {
18
19 }
20
21 State Originator::GetState()
22 {
23 return m_State;
24 }
25
26 void Originator::SetState(const State& rState)
27 {
28 m_State = rState;
29 }
30
31 Memento* Originator::CreateMemento()
32 {
33 return new Memento(m_State);
34 }
35
36 void Originator::RestoreState(Memento* pMemento)
37 {
38 if (NULL != pMemento)
39 {
40 m_State = pMemento->GetState();
41 }
42 }
43
44 void Originator::PrintState()
45 {
46 std::cout << "State = " << m_State << std::endl;
47 }
48
49 Memento::Memento(const State& rState)
50 : m_State(rState)
51 {
52
53 }
54
55 State Memento::GetState()
56 {
57 return m_State;
58 }
59
60 void Memento::SetState(const State& rState)
61 {
62 m_State = rState;
63 }
64
2 #include "Memento.h"
3 #include <iostream>
4
5 Originator::Originator()
6 {
7
8 }
9
10 Originator::Originator(const State& rState)
11 : m_State(rState)
12 {
13
14 }
15
16 Originator::~Originator()
17 {
18
19 }
20
21 State Originator::GetState()
22 {
23 return m_State;
24 }
25
26 void Originator::SetState(const State& rState)
27 {
28 m_State = rState;
29 }
30
31 Memento* Originator::CreateMemento()
32 {
33 return new Memento(m_State);
34 }
35
36 void Originator::RestoreState(Memento* pMemento)
37 {
38 if (NULL != pMemento)
39 {
40 m_State = pMemento->GetState();
41 }
42 }
43
44 void Originator::PrintState()
45 {
46 std::cout << "State = " << m_State << std::endl;
47 }
48
49 Memento::Memento(const State& rState)
50 : m_State(rState)
51 {
52
53 }
54
55 State Memento::GetState()
56 {
57 return m_State;
58 }
59
60 void Memento::SetState(const State& rState)
61 {
62 m_State = rState;
63 }
64
Main.cpp
1
2 #include "Memento.h"
3
4 int main()
5 {
6 // 创建一个原发器
7 Originator* pOriginator = new Originator("old state");
8 pOriginator->PrintState();
9
10 // 创建一个备忘录存放这个原发器的状态
11 Memento *pMemento = pOriginator->CreateMemento();
12
13 // 更改原发器的状态
14 pOriginator->SetState("new state");
15 pOriginator->PrintState();
16
17 // 通过备忘录把原发器的状态还原到之前的状态
18 pOriginator->RestoreState(pMemento);
19 pOriginator->PrintState();
20
21 delete pOriginator;
22 delete pMemento;
23
24 return 0;
25 }
26
2 #include "Memento.h"
3
4 int main()
5 {
6 // 创建一个原发器
7 Originator* pOriginator = new Originator("old state");
8 pOriginator->PrintState();
9
10 // 创建一个备忘录存放这个原发器的状态
11 Memento *pMemento = pOriginator->CreateMemento();
12
13 // 更改原发器的状态
14 pOriginator->SetState("new state");
15 pOriginator->PrintState();
16
17 // 通过备忘录把原发器的状态还原到之前的状态
18 pOriginator->RestoreState(pMemento);
19 pOriginator->PrintState();
20
21 delete pOriginator;
22 delete pMemento;
23
24 return 0;
25 }
26