nmap

nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification} nmap [扫描方式(s)] [选项] [扫描目标]

SCAN TECHNIQUES:扫描方式

-sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans  #半连接扫描/全连接扫描(默认的方式)/..
  -sU: UDP Scan    #UDP端口扫描
  -sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans 
  --scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags #自定义TCP标签
  -sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan  #空闲扫描
  -sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans
  -sO: IP protocol scan
  -b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scan

HOST DISCOVERY: 主机发现

  -sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan #反向域名解析，用于主机发现
  -sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan #ping扫描，不进行端口扫描
  -Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery #跳过主机存活探测阶段
  -PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports #TCP syn/ack,udp/sctp探测指定端口 
  -PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes
  -PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping
  -n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes] #不进行域名解析 / 都进行域名解析
  --dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],...>: Specify custom DNS servers
  --system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver
  --traceroute: Trace hop path to each host

PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:端口说明和扫描顺序

  -p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports  #扫描指定的扫描,Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9
  --exclude-ports <port ranges>: Exclude the specified ports from scanning #排除端口
  -F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan #快速扫描有限的端口
  -r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize #不按随机顺序扫描端口
  --top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports #扫描最常见的端口
  --port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio>

SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION: 版本检测

  -sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info 	#探测版本信息，(可以用-A 探测操作系统和版本信息)
  --version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)#设置版本扫描强度
  --version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)#强度2的别名
  --version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)#强度9的别名
  --version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)	#显示详细的版本扫描信息

SCRIPT SCAN: 脚本扫描

  -sC: equivalent to --script=default
  --script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list of directories, script-files or script-categories
  --script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,...]>: provide arguments to scripts
  --script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file
  --script-trace: Show all data sent and received
  --script-updatedb: Update the script database.
  --script-help=<Lua scripts>: Show help about scripts.
           <Lua scripts> is a comma-separated list of script-files or
           script-categories.

OS DETECTION: 操作系统

  -O: Enable OS detection	    #操作系统探测(也可以用-A进行操作系统和版本探测)
  --osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets
  --osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively	 		#猜测操作系统

TIMING AND PERFORMANCE: 时间和性能

  -T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)#设置时间模版
  --min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes
  --min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization
  --min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>: Specifies probe round trip time.
  --max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.
  --host-timeout <time>: Give up on target after this long
  --scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <time>: Adjust delay between probes
  --min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second
  --max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per second

FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING: 防火墙/入侵检测绕过和欺骗

 -f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)#指定mtu将tcp头部分成3个分片
  -D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys
  -S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address#源地址欺骗(一般和-Pn,-e一起使用)
  -e <iface>: Use specified interface#使用指定接口(一般和-Pn,-e一起使用)
  -g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number#源端口欺骗(有些源为53和20端口，防火墙不会拦截)
  --proxies <url1,[url2],...>: Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies
  --data <hex string>: Append a custom payload to sent packets  #附加16进制字符串
  --data-string <string>: Append a custom ASCII string to sent packets#附加字符串
  --data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets#指定数据包大小，并附加随机数据
  --ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options
  --ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field
  --spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address
  --badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum

OUTPUT: 输出

  -oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3,
     and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.#标准输出/xml输出
  -oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once #输出所有格式
  -v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)#显示详细信息
  -d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)
  --reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state#输出端口状态的原因
  --open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports
  --packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received			#查看所有数据包的收发
  --iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)   #打印主机的网络接口和路由
  --append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files#在输出文件中追加，(默认是覆盖)
  --resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan#恢复中止的扫描
  --stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML
  --webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML
  --no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output

MISC: 其他选项

  -6: Enable IPv6 scanning
-A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute #启动操作系统检测，版本检测，脚本扫描，和路由跟踪
  --datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location
  --send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets
  --privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged
  --unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges
  -V: Print version number
  -h: Print this help summary page.

TARGET SPECIFICATION: 扫描目标
可以输入主机名，ip，网段等
Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254

-iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks #从文件中读取目标列表,(每项用法空格，制表符或回车符分开)
  -iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets	 #随机选择n个目标
  --exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks  #排除目标
  --excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file #排除文件中目标列表,(每项用法空格，制表符或回车符分开)

EXAMPLES:
nmap -sS -PS80 -iR 1 -p 80
nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org
nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8 #pingscan主机存活探测
nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80 #随机10000个ip 不探测存活 直接探测80端口