PAT甲级 进制转换题_C++题解
进制转换题
PAT (Advanced Level) Practice 进制转换题
目录
- 《算法笔记》 重点摘要
- 1015 Reversible Primes (20)
- 1019 General Palindromic Number (20)
- 1027 Colors in Mars (20)
- 1058 A+B in Hogwarts (20)
- 1100 Mars Numbers (20)
《算法笔记》 3.5 进制转换 重点摘要
P进制转换为Q进制,分两步
- P进制转换为10进制
// y 为要求的 10进制数
// x 为 P 进制数,循环中每次取一位
// product 在循环中不断乘 P,得到 P 的幂次
int y = 0, product = 1;
while (x != 0){
y = y + (x % 10) * product;
x = x / 10;
product = product * P;
}
- 10进制转换为Q进制
// 数组 z 用来存放所求 Q进制数的每一位
// num 为 Q进制数的位数
int z[40], num = 0;
do {
z[num++] = y % Q; // 除基取余法
y = y / Q;
} while (y != 0);
// z 数组从 z[num-1] 到 z[0] 即为所求
1015 Reversible Primes (20)
#include<cstdio>
bool isPrime(int n)
{
if (n <= 1) return false;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= n; i++)
if ( n % i == 0) return false;
return true;
}
int revD(int n, int D)
{
int n2D[20], num = 0, result = 0;
do {
n2D[num++] = n % D;
n = n / D;
} while(n > 0);
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) result = result * D + n2D[i];
return result;
}
int main()
{
int n, D;
scanf("%d", &n);
while (n >= 0){
scanf("%d", &D);
printf("%s",isPrime(n) && isPrime(revD(n,D)) ? "Yes\n" : "No\n");
scanf("%d", &n);
}
return 0;
}
- 记忆判断素数函数
- 记忆进制转换函数
- 注意:10进制转D进制后得到的D进制数是数组高位到地位,即反向,故转换回10进制时只要从低位开始加即可得到反转的D进制对应的10进制
1019 General Palindromic Number (20)
#include<cstdio>
int main()
{
int n, b, num = 0;
scanf("%d%d", &n, &b);
int bn[31] = {0};
do {
bn[num++] = n % b;
n = n / b;
} while (n > 0);
bool isPalindromic = true;
for (int i = 0; i < num/2; i++){
if (bn[i] != bn[num-1-i]){
isPalindromic = false;
break;
}
}
printf("%s", isPalindromic ? "Yes\n" : "No\n");
printf("%d", bn[num-1]);
for (int i = num - 2; i >= 0; i--) printf(" %d", bn[i]);
return 0;
}
- 记忆进制转换函数,注意用 do while 保证 n 为0情况
1027 Colors in Mars (20)
#include<cstdio>
int main()
{
int r, g, b;
scanf("%d%d%d", &r, &g, &b);
char RGB[8];
char dec213[] = "0123456789ABC";
RGB[0] = '#';
RGB[1] = dec213[r/13];
RGB[2] = dec213[r%13];
RGB[3] = dec213[g/13];
RGB[4] = dec213[g%13];
RGB[5] = dec213[b/13];
RGB[6] = dec213[b%13];
RGB[7] = '\0';
printf("%s",RGB);
return 0;
}
- char数组输出问题
- 有初始化时尽量不要对字符数组长度进行定义,应该把这个长度交给系统来进行分配
- 若用 %s 输出,要遇到 '\0' 符号的时候,才会停止输出,所以初始化字符数组的时候最好以 '\0' 结尾
- 若不以 '\0' 作字符数组结尾,用 %s 输出会出错,只能逐个输出。
- 使用字符串初始化字符数组时,比用字符逐个赋值要多占用一个字节,用于存放 '\0' ,同时字符数组的长度不会去计算 '\0' ,但是数组占有的字节数会将 '\0' 算上,是由系统自行来进行处理的
- 参考:柳婼小姐姐的代码
#include <cstdio>
using namespace std;
int main() {
char c[14] = {"0123456789ABC"};
printf("#");
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
int num;
scanf("%d", &num);
printf("%c%c", c[num/13], c[num%13]);
}
return 0;
}
- 输入一个数处理一个数,逐个字符进行输出
1058 A+B in Hogwarts (20)
#include<cstdio>
int main()
{
int Galleon1, Sickle1, Knut1, Galleon2, Sickle2, Knut2, carrySickle = 0, carryGalleon = 0;
scanf("%d.%d.%d %d.%d.%d", &Galleon1, &Sickle1, &Knut1, &Galleon2, &Sickle2, &Knut2);
int Knut = Knut1 + Knut2;
if (Knut >= 29){
carrySickle = Knut / 29;
Knut = Knut % 29;
}
int Sickle = Sickle1 + Sickle2 + carrySickle;
if (Sickle >= 17){
carryGalleon = Sickle / 17;
Sickle = Sickle % 17;
}
int Galleon = Galleon1 + Galleon2 + carryGalleon;
printf("%d.%d.%d", Galleon, Sickle, Knut);
return 0;
}
- 注意没有输入的数据要初始化,如carrySickle、carryGalleon
- 注意要先保存进位再求余更新本位,否则会丢失进位信息
1100 Mars Numbers (20)
#include<string>
#include<map>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string ones[13] = {"tret", "jan", "feb", "mar", "apr", "may", "jun", "jly", "aug", "sep", "oct", "nov", "dec"};
string tens[13] = {"", "tam", "hel", "maa", "huh", "tou", "kes", "hei", "elo", "syy", "lok", "mer", "jou"};
map<string, int> M2E;
for (int i = 0; i < 13; i++) M2E.insert(pair<string, int>(ones[i], i));
for (int i = 1; i < 13; i++) M2E.insert(pair<string, int>(tens[i], i*13));
int N;
cin >> N;
getchar();
string s;
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++){
getline(cin, s);
if (s[0] >= '0' && s[0] <= '9'){
int earth = stoi(s);
if (earth/13) cout << tens[earth/13];
if (earth/13 && earth%13) cout << " ";
if (earth%13 || earth == 0) cout << ones[earth%13];
cout << endl;
}
else{
int earth = 0;
if (s.length() > 4) earth = M2E[s.substr(0,3)] + M2E[s.substr(4,3)];
else earth = M2E[s];
cout << earth << endl;
}
}
return 0;
}
- 题目坑点:13的整倍数输出时不用在低位加"tret",如39,应该输出maa而不是maa tret。
- 注意:输入火星数字时中间可能有空格,需要用getline(),要用getchar()吸收前面输入N后的换行符。